CN113615793A - Fresh-keeping method capable of keeping effective components of gastrodia elata, fresh-keeping agent and application - Google Patents
Fresh-keeping method capable of keeping effective components of gastrodia elata, fresh-keeping agent and application Download PDFInfo
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Images
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- A23L3/3508—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3472—Compounds of undetermined constitution obtained from animals or plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- A23L3/349—Organic compounds containing oxygen with singly-bound oxygen
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
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- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3544—Organic compounds containing hetero rings
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- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
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- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of preservation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and discloses a preservation method capable of keeping effective components of gastrodia elata, a preservative and application thereof, wherein fresh gastrodia elata which is harmless and free of pest and disease infection is taken; removing impurities and cleaning soil on the surface; soaking in biological antistaling agent for rhizoma Gastrodiae; after soaking, taking out and draining; spraying a protective agent; drying the sprayed gastrodia elata, and placing the dried gastrodia elata in an ozone machine for sterilization; filling the sterilized rhizoma Gastrodiae into nanometer fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag, removing air, and tightening bag opening; the freshness protection package is stored in indoor sandy soil and watered regularly. The preservative used by the invention has the advantages of convenient raw material acquisition, low cost and high cost performance; the biological preservative is safer, healthier and easy to degrade; the preservation method is simple, high-end instruments and equipment are not needed, and the requirement on operators is low; the loss rate of effective components such as gastrodin, gastrodin and the like is low, the retention effect is good, and the edible rate is high; also has the effect of removing pesticide residues and heavy metal compounds, and is safe and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant preservation, and particularly relates to a preservation method capable of keeping effective components of gastrodia elata, a preservative and application.
Background
At present, gastrodia elata is a national third-level protective species, is a perennial herb of gastrodia elata of orchidaceae, symbiotic with armillaria mellea, has a medicinal part of tuber thereof, is rich in phenols, polysaccharides, glycosides, flavones and other chemical substances, and has the effects of improving intelligence, calming, easing pain, soothing nerves, calming wind, relieving spasm, enhancing immunity, calming liver-yang, reducing blood pressure, dispelling wind, dredging collaterals, hypnosis and the like; can be used for treating numbness of limbs, headache, vertigo, infantile convulsion, amnesia, convulsion, tetanus, and epilepsy.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae is a Chinese medicinal material, and can be used as raw material for making flour, tablet, wine, cake, shred, tea, candy, and medicated diet. In 2018, 11 th month and 1 month, 9 letters issued by the national health family planning committee and issued by the national health family planning committee about the suggestion that 9 substances such as codonopsis pilosula and the like are used as trial production research opinions according to the tradition, gastrodia elata is listed in the catalogue of edible and medicinal substances, the gastrodia elata is more popular when eaten fresh, and the gastrodia elata is gradually changed from a traditional single processing and selling mode into a common selling mode of fresh gastrodia elata and processed products. But the following bottleneck problems exist in the sale of fresh gastrodia elata: firstly, the harvesting period of the gastrodia elata is short, and is concentrated from immediately after winter to the next years before the Ming festival, and the optimal harvesting period is 11 months or 3 months in the next year. And secondly, the fresh gastrodia elata has high water content, strong enzyme activity, high respiratory strength and high nutrient consumption, can be stored for 3-5 days at most under normal temperature conditions after being harvested, and cannot be stored for a long time. And thirdly, the commercial processing capacity after the picking is low, and the key technology of dynamic storage and transportation of the picked fresh gastrodia elata is lacked. And fourthly, disease infection easily causes that the gastrodia elata is difficult to store, and the prevention and control technology is lacked before picking. Fifthly, the production area and the sales volume are limited, the export sale is lack of an effective storage and transportation fresh-keeping technology, and the gastrodia elata sold in the market is a dry product because the gastrodia elata is easily mildewed and deteriorated due to the infection of pathogenic bacteria such as new fusarium, aschersonia, alternaria and fusarium in the storage and long-distance transportation process. However, the dried gastrodia elata has the following problems: firstly, the gastrodia elata has large shrinkage rate after being dried, the tissue structure is changed, the surface shrinkage is obvious, the sensory quality is poor, the hardness is extremely high, the rehydration performance is poor, and the gastrodia elata needs to be foamed before being eaten, so that the gastrodia elata is extremely inconvenient; secondly, the rhizoma gastrodiae is hard and bad in taste after being dried, and the prepared dish is poor in shape and taste; thirdly, the original flavor of the gastrodia elata cannot be maintained after the gastrodia elata is dried, and nutritional ingredients such as vitamins, proteins, mineral elements, phenolic substances, polysaccharides and the like of the gastrodia elata are lost to different degrees; and fourthly, in order to improve the color of the gastrodia elata medicinal material and prolong the storage period, sulfur is usually added for fumigation when the gastrodia elata is dried, and sulfur residues in the gastrodia elata can generate certain toxic action on a human body.
With the rapid development of the gastrodia elata industry, the gastrodia elata industry has gradually developed into an important economic support for the vogue of villages and villages in Guizhou, Yunnan and the like. In 2021, the work report of the Guizhou province government emphatically indicates that the countryside is promoted to be happy and the modernization of the agricultural countryside is promoted. As a result, the sale of fresh Gastrodia elata has become a new and emerging feature in the great province of travel. However, at present, the commercial treatment key technology after the fresh gastrodia elata is picked has low recognition level, the disease problem in the storage period after the gastrodia elata is picked is severe, and the healthy and sustainable development of the gastrodia elata industry is severely restricted. The fresh keeping technology of the gastrodia elata is researched and developed, so that the good commodity characters and the nutritional value of the gastrodia elata can be kept, the operation cost of enterprises is saved, the product supply shelf life can be prolonged, the demand in light and busy seasons is balanced, the consumption habits of the fresh gastrodia elata are met, the product structure is enriched, the health care function of the gastrodia elata can be fully developed by consumers, and the technology has important significance for improving the economic income of medical farmers, promoting the development of the gastrodia elata industry and assisting the countryside joy.
The existing gastrodia elata preservative mainly comprises citric acid, sodium isoascorbate, grapefruit seed extract, chitosan, sorbitol and the like, the formula is high in cost, and the chitosan and the grapefruit seed extract are expensive and not beneficial to wide application of fresh gastrodia elata products. The controlled atmosphere storage technology and other instruments and equipment are expensive, the operation cost is high, and the popularization and the application are inconvenient. Therefore, a gastrodia elata preservation technology which is low in cost, free of residue and pollution, capable of effectively keeping effective components of gastrodia elata and capable of meeting edible and medicinal standards is urgently needed to be explored.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the existing gastrodia elata preservative has high formula cost and is not beneficial to the wide application of fresh gastrodia elata products.
(2) The existing gastrodia elata preservation equipment is expensive, high in operation cost and inconvenient to popularize and apply.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is:
the existing gastrodia elata preservative mainly comprises citric acid, sodium isoascorbate, grapefruit seed extract, chitosan, sorbitol and the like, the formula is high in cost, and the chitosan and the grapefruit seed extract are expensive and not beneficial to wide application of fresh gastrodia elata products. The controlled atmosphere storage technology and other instruments and equipment are expensive, the operation cost is high, and the popularization and the application are inconvenient.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows:
the method for keeping the gastrodia elata fresh and developing the gastrodia elata fresh-keeping technology is researched, good commodity characters and nutritional values of the gastrodia elata can be kept, the operation cost of enterprises is saved, the product supply shelf life can be prolonged, the demand in light and busy seasons is balanced, the consumption habits of fresh gastrodia elata are met, the product structure is enriched, the health-care function of the gastrodia elata can be fully developed by consumers, and the method has important significance for improving the economic income of medical farmers, promoting the development of gastrodia elata industry and assisting the countryside revival.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preservation method capable of keeping the effective components of gastrodia elata, a preservative and application.
The invention is realized in such a way that a preservation method, a preservative and applications which can keep the effective components of the gastrodia elata comprise the following steps:
taking fresh gastrodia elata which is harmless and free of pest and disease infection;
removing impurities and cleaning soil on the surface;
step three, soaking the gastrodia elata in a biological preservative;
step four, taking out the soaked product and draining the soaked product;
step five, spraying a protective agent;
step six, airing the sprayed gastrodia elata, and placing the aired gastrodia elata in an ozone machine for sterilization;
step seven, filling the sterilized gastrodia elata into a nano fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag, removing air and tightening the bag opening;
step eight, storing the freshness protection package in indoor sandy soil, adding carbendazim with the concentration of 1.0-5.0 mg/kg into the sandy soil, uniformly mixing, and watering regularly.
Further, in the third step, the soaking time is 30-60 min.
Further, in the fifth step, the components of the protective agent comprise by mass: 60-75% of tea polyphenol, 20-35% of citric acid, 1-3% of chitosan, 1-3% of lithospermum oil and 2-5% of antifreeze glycoprotein.
Further, in the fifth step, the spraying mode of the protective agent is as follows: the gastrodia elata is sprayed for the first time after being dried, and is sprayed for the second time after one hour.
Further, in the sixth step, the sterilization time of the ozone machine is 15-45 min, and the ozone concentration is 10-60 mg/m3。
Further, in the eighth step, the indoor temperature is 2-6 ℃, and the humidity is 30-65%; adding carbendazim with the concentration of 1.0-5.0 mg/kg into the sand, and uniformly mixing.
The invention also aims to provide the preservative which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-50% of barberry root water extract, 10-15% of winter fungus cleaning solution, 15-25% of houttuynia cordata water extract, 10-20% of dandelion water extract and 20-30% of selfheal water extract.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the preservation method capable of keeping the effective components of the gastrodia elata in preservation of the effective components in the field of Chinese herbal medicines.
The invention also aims to provide a fresh-keeping method and a fresh-keeping agent capable of keeping the effective components of the gastrodia elata and application of the fresh-keeping method and the fresh-keeping agent in the field of food fresh keeping.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the method provided by the invention has the advantages of convenient material acquisition, low cost and high cost performance;
2. compared with the existing scheme, the method provided by the invention is safer, healthier and easy to degrade;
3. the preservation method provided by the invention is simple, does not need high-end instruments and equipment, and has low requirement on operators;
4. the method provided by the invention has low loss rate of effective components such as gastrodin, gastrodin and the like, good retention effect and high edible rate;
5. the method provided by the invention has good fresh-keeping effect, and the product after fresh-keeping has unchanged quality, taste, flavor, color, luster and nutrition, is natural green consumption and is a pollution-free biological fresh-keeping product;
6. the preservation method provided by the invention also has the effects of removing pesticide residues and heavy metal compounds, and is safe and reliable.
The invention can effectively prolong the fresh-keeping period of the gastrodia elata to 4 months, the rotting rate is lower than 10%, and the edible rate is higher than 80%. After 4 months, the content of gastrodine and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is 0.43-0.65%, the content of alcohol-soluble extract is 21-28%, and the content of polysaccharide is 8.9-19.6%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preservation method, a preservation agent and an application capable of maintaining effective components of gastrodia elata provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fresh-keeping method, a fresh-keeping agent and application capable of keeping effective components of gastrodia elata, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the preservation method, the preservative and the application capable of keeping the effective components of the gastrodia elata provided by the embodiment of the invention comprise the following steps:
s101, taking fresh gastrodia elata which is harmless and free of pest and disease infection;
s102, removing impurities and cleaning soil on the surface;
s103, soaking in a biological preservative for the gastrodia elata;
s104, taking out the soaked product and draining the soaked product;
s105, spraying a protective agent;
s106, airing the sprayed gastrodia elata, and placing the aired gastrodia elata in an ozone machine for sterilization;
s107, filling the sterilized gastrodia elata into a nano fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag, removing air and tightening a bag opening;
s108, storing the freshness protection package in indoor sandy soil, watering regularly, adding carbendazim with the concentration of 1.0-5.0 mg/kg into the sandy soil, and uniformly mixing.
In step S103 in the embodiment of the present invention, the soaking time is 30-60 min.
In step S105 in the embodiment of the present invention, the components of the protective agent include, by mass: 60-75% of tea polyphenol, 20-35% of citric acid, 1-3% of chitosan, 1-3% of lithospermum oil and 2-5% of antifreeze glycoprotein.
In step S105 in the embodiment of the present invention, the spraying manner of the protective agent is: the gastrodia elata is sprayed for the first time after being dried in the air, and is sprayed for the second time after one hour.
In step S106 of the embodiment of the invention, the sterilization time of the ozone machine is 15-45 min, and the ozone concentration is 10-60 mg/m3。
In step S108 of the embodiment of the invention, the indoor temperature is 2-6 ℃ and the humidity is 30-65%.
The preservative provided by the implementation of the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-50% of radix berberidis aqueous extract, 10-15% of dictyophora phalloidea cleaning solution, 15-25% of herba houttuyniae aqueous extract, 10-20% of dandelion aqueous extract and 20-30% of selfheal aqueous extract.
Example 1:
(1) taking fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae with no damage and no pest and disease infection;
(2) removing impurities and cleaning soil on the surface;
(3) soaking in biological antistaling agent for 30 min; the formula of the preservative is as follows: the mass fraction is 40% of barberry root water extract, 10% of winter fungus cleaning solution, 15% of houttuynia cordata water extract, 15% of dandelion water extract and 20% of selfheal water extract.
(4) After soaking, taking out and draining;
(5) and spraying a protective agent. The formula of the protective agent is as follows: 68% of tea polyphenol, 25% of citric acid, 2.5% of chitosan, 2% of lithospermum oil and 2.5% of antifreeze glycoprotein. Drying the gastrodia elata in the air, and spraying for the first time; one hour later the second spray.
(6) Air drying the sprayed rhizoma Gastrodiae, sterilizing in ozone machine for 20min to obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae solution with concentration of 40mg/m3。
(7) And (4) filling the sterilized gastrodia elata into a nano fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag, exhausting air, and slightly tightening the bag opening.
(8) The bag was stored in indoor sandy soil and watered periodically. The indoor temperature is 2-6 ℃, the humidity is 30-65%, and the ventilation is performed regularly. Adding carbendazim with the concentration of 1.0mg/kg into the sandy soil, and uniformly mixing.
The method can effectively prolong the fresh-keeping period of rhizoma Gastrodiae to 130 days, with a rotting rate of 9% and an edible rate of 85%. After 4 months, the content of gastrodine and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is 0.45%, the content of alcohol-soluble extract is 22%, and the content of polysaccharide is 13.2%.
Example 2:
(1) taking fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae with no damage and no pest and disease infection;
(2) removing impurities and cleaning soil on the surface;
(3) soaking in biological antistaling agent for 35 min; the formula of the preservative is as follows: the mass fraction is 40% of barberry root water extract, 15% of winter fungus cleaning solution, 10% of houttuynia cordata water extract, 11% of dandelion water extract and 24% of selfheal water extract.
(4) After soaking, taking out and draining;
(5) and spraying a protective agent. The formula of the protective agent is as follows: the weight percentage of the tea polyphenol is 70%, the citric acid is 22%, the chitosan is 2%, the lithospermum oil is 2%, and the antifreeze glycoprotein is 4%. Drying the gastrodia elata in the air, and spraying for the first time; one hour later the second spray.
(6) Air drying the sprayed rhizoma Gastrodiae, sterilizing in ozone machine for 45min to obtain 25mg/m rhizoma Gastrodiae solution3。
(7) And (4) filling the sterilized gastrodia elata into a nano fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag, exhausting air, and slightly tightening the bag opening.
(8) The bag was stored in indoor sandy soil and watered periodically. The indoor temperature is 2-6 ℃, the humidity is 30-65%, and the ventilation is performed regularly. Adding carbendazim with the concentration of 3mg/kg into the sandy soil, and uniformly mixing.
The method can effectively prolong the fresh-keeping period of rhizoma Gastrodiae to 135 days, with a rotting rate of 7.5% and an edible rate of 88%. After 4 months, the content of gastrodine and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is 0.54%, the content of alcohol-soluble extract is 25%, and the content of polysaccharide is 16.4%.
Example 3:
(1) taking fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae with no damage and no pest and disease infection;
(2) removing impurities and cleaning soil on the surface;
(3) soaking in biological antistaling agent for 50 min; the formula of the preservative is as follows: 35 percent of barberry root water extract, 15 percent of winter fungus cleaning solution, 20 percent of houttuynia cordata water extract, 10 percent of dandelion water extract and 20 percent of selfheal water extract.
(4) After soaking, taking out and draining;
(5) and spraying a protective agent. The formula of the protective agent is as follows: the weight percentage of the tea polyphenol is 75 percent, the citric acid is 20 percent, the chitosan is 1.5 percent, the lithospermum oil is 1.5 percent, and the antifreeze glycoprotein is 2 percent. Drying the gastrodia elata in the air, and spraying for the first time; one hour later the second spray.
(6) Air drying the sprayed rhizoma Gastrodiae, sterilizing in ozone machine for 35min to obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae solution with concentration of 25mg/m3。
(7) And (4) filling the sterilized gastrodia elata into a nano fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag, exhausting air, and slightly tightening the bag opening.
(8) The bag was stored in indoor sandy soil and watered periodically. The indoor temperature is 2-6 ℃, the humidity is 30-65%, and the ventilation is performed regularly. Adding carbendazim with the concentration of 5.0mg/kg into the sandy soil, and uniformly mixing.
The method can effectively prolong the fresh-keeping period of rhizoma Gastrodiae to 128 days, with a rotting rate of 7.5% and an edible rate of 87%. After 4 months, the content of gastrodine and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is 0.65%, the content of alcohol-soluble extract is 22.5%, and the content of polysaccharide is 18.4%.
Example 4:
(1) taking fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae with no damage and no pest and disease infection;
(2) removing impurities and cleaning soil on the surface;
(3) soaking in biological antistaling agent for 30 min; the formula of the preservative is as follows: 40% of barberry root water extract, 10% of winter fungus cleaning solution, 16% of houttuynia cordata water extract, 13% of dandelion water extract and 21% of selfheal water extract.
(4) After soaking, taking out and draining;
(5) and spraying a protective agent. The formula of the protective agent is as follows: the weight percentage of the tea polyphenol is 65%, the citric acid is 31%, the chitosan is 1%, the lithospermum oil is 1%, and the antifreeze glycoprotein is 2%. Drying the gastrodia elata in the air, and spraying for the first time; one hour later the second spray.
(6) Air drying the sprayed rhizoma Gastrodiae, sterilizing in ozone machine for 35min to obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae solution with concentration of 45mg/m3。
(7) And (4) filling the sterilized gastrodia elata into a nano fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag, exhausting air, and slightly tightening the bag opening.
(8) The bag was stored in indoor sandy soil and watered periodically. The indoor temperature is 2-6 ℃, the humidity is 30-65%, and the ventilation is performed regularly. Adding carbendazim with the concentration of 2.5mg/kg into the sandy soil, and uniformly mixing.
The method can effectively prolong the fresh-keeping period of rhizoma Gastrodiae to 140 days, with a rotting rate of 7.5% and an edible rate of 86%. After 4 months, the content of gastrodine and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is 0.51%, the content of alcohol-soluble extract is 25%, and the content of polysaccharide is 19.6%.
Example 5:
(1) taking fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae with no damage and no pest and disease infection;
(2) removing impurities and cleaning soil on the surface;
(3) soaking in biological antistaling agent for 60 min; the formula of the preservative is as follows: 35 percent of barberry root water extract, 12 percent of winter fungus cleaning solution, 17 percent of houttuynia cordata water extract, 11 percent of dandelion water extract and 25 percent of selfheal water extract.
(4) After soaking, taking out and draining;
(5) and spraying a protective agent. The formula of the protective agent is as follows: 68% of tea polyphenol, 25% of citric acid, 1.5% of chitosan, 2% of lithospermum oil and 3.5% of antifreeze glycoprotein. Drying the gastrodia elata in the air, and spraying for the first time; one hour later the second spray.
(6) Air drying the sprayed rhizoma Gastrodiae, sterilizing in ozone machine for 25min to obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae solution with concentration of 20mg/m3。
(7) And (4) filling the sterilized gastrodia elata into a nano fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag, exhausting air, and slightly tightening the bag opening.
(8) The bag was stored in indoor sandy soil and watered periodically. The indoor temperature is 2-6 ℃, the humidity is 30-65%, and the ventilation is performed regularly. Adding carbendazim with the concentration of 3.0mg/kg into the sandy soil, and uniformly mixing.
The method can effectively prolong the fresh-keeping period of rhizoma Gastrodiae to 128 days, with a rotting rate of 9.0% and an edible rate of 82%. After 4 months, the content of gastrodine and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is 0.46%, the content of alcohol-soluble extract is 21%, and the content of polysaccharide is 10.8%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preservation method, a preservative and application capable of keeping effective components of rhizoma gastrodiae are characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking fresh gastrodia elata which is harmless and free of pest and disease infection;
removing impurities and cleaning soil on the surface;
step three, soaking the gastrodia elata in a biological preservative;
step four, taking out the soaked product and draining the soaked product;
step five, spraying a protective agent;
step six, airing the sprayed gastrodia elata, and placing the aired gastrodia elata in an ozone machine for sterilization;
step seven, filling the sterilized gastrodia elata into a nano fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag, removing air and tightening the bag opening;
step eight, storing the freshness protection package in indoor sandy soil, watering at regular intervals, adding carbendazim with the concentration of 1.0-5.0 mg/kg into the sandy soil, and uniformly mixing.
2. The preservation method, the preservative and the application of the gastrodia elata effective components as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the selected gastrodia elata is fresh gastrodia elata without damage and pest and disease infection.
3. The preservation method, the preservative and the application of the gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, impurities of the fresh gastrodia elata are removed, and the fresh gastrodia elata is cleaned, so that the gastrodia elata cannot be brushed by a brush or a pot thread.
4. The preservation method, the preservative and the application of the effective components of the gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the soaking time in the preservative is 30-60 min, and the temperature is normal temperature.
5. The preservation method, the preservative and the application of the effective components of the gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the components of the protective agent comprise, by mass: 60-75% of tea polyphenol, 20-35% of citric acid, 1-3% of chitosan, 1-3% of lithospermum oil and 2-5% of antifreeze glycoprotein.
6. The preservation method, the preservative and the application of the effective components of the gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the spraying mode of the protective agent is as follows: the gastrodia elata is sprayed for the first time after being dried, and is sprayed for the second time after one hour.
7. The preservation method, the preservative and the application of the gastrodia elata effective components as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the sterilization time of the ozone machine is 15-45 min, and the ozone concentration is 10-60 mg/m3。
8. The preservation method, the preservative and the application of the effective components of the gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the seventh step, the sterilized gastrodia elata needs to be placed in a nano fruit and vegetable preservation bag, and the bag is of a mildew-proof antibacterial microporous type; when the bag is packed, the air in the bag needs to be removed, and the bag opening is slightly tightened.
9. The preservation method, the preservative and the application of the effective components of the gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the eighth step, the indoor temperature is 2-6 ℃, the ventilation is performed regularly, and the humidity is 30-65%; adding carbendazim with the concentration of 1.0-5.0 mg/kg into the sandy soil, and uniformly mixing.
10. The preservation method, the preservative and the application of any one of claims 1 to 9 capable of keeping the effective components of the gastrodia elata, wherein the preservative comprises the following components in parts by mass: 35-50% of barberry root water extract, 10-15% of winter fungus cleaning solution, 15-25% of houttuynia cordata water extract, 10-20% of dandelion water extract and 20-30% of selfheal water extract.
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| CN103462175A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2013-12-25 | 任杰峰 | Fresh micro-freezing liquid used for keeping food fresh |
| CN109043289A (en) * | 2018-06-23 | 2018-12-21 | 陕西理工大学 | A kind of natural Rhizoma Gastrodiae Multiple preservative solutions and its preparation method and application |
| CN110447805A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-15 | 贵州省普安县普白珍稀资源开发有限公司 | A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae preservation method |
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| CN103462175A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2013-12-25 | 任杰峰 | Fresh micro-freezing liquid used for keeping food fresh |
| CN109043289A (en) * | 2018-06-23 | 2018-12-21 | 陕西理工大学 | A kind of natural Rhizoma Gastrodiae Multiple preservative solutions and its preparation method and application |
| CN110447805A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-15 | 贵州省普安县普白珍稀资源开发有限公司 | A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae preservation method |
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