CN106389485B - Preparation method of cynomorium songaricum decoction pieces - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a novel cynomorium songaricum decoction piece, and belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicines. Selecting fresh cynomorium songaricum raw materials, quickly cleaning the fresh cynomorium songaricum raw materials with high-pressure water, steaming the washed fresh cynomorium songaricum raw materials for 20-30 minutes at 85-93 ℃ in a medicine moistening machine for killing enzyme, and drying: naturally drying the mixture until the mixture is dried to 7 to 8 percent; if natural airing is adopted, the cynomorium songaricum needs to be put into an oven to be dried for 3 to 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ before being aired naturally, and the cynomorium songaricum needs to be turned over for 2 times every day in the process of being aired naturally, wherein the cynomorium songaricum needs to be aired twice in the morning and evening; cutting: then, the mixture is sent into a medicine slicing machine for slicing, and the slicing thickness is 2-4 mm; and (3) drying: sorting and packaging: processing is carried out immediately after the fresh cynomorium songaricum is dug, so that the maximum retention of each component in the cynomorium songaricum is ensured; saving production cost by 30-60%: the cynomorium songaricum decoction pieces prepared by the process are in a tan colloid shape and soft in texture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicines.
Background
Cynomorium songaricum, also known as a non-old drug, is a perennial herbaceous and total parasitic seed plant in the family of Cynomoriaceae and is mainly distributed in northwest desert regions of China. The cynomorium songaricum contains no chloroplast and chlorophyll, the edible part contains 15 inorganic mineral elements such as K, Na, Ga, Mg, Fe and the like, 17 amino acids, palmitic acid and the like, and particularly contains selenium, cobalt and the like which have the anti-aging effect on human bodies and can promote cell regeneration and metabolism. The cynomorium songaricum is warm in nature and sweet in taste, and has the effects of tonifying kidney yang, benefiting essence and blood, relaxing bowel, improving human immunity, resisting aging and the like, so that the cynomorium songaricum is an extremely rare health care product.
At present, the traditional preparation process of decoction pieces, especially the decoction piece preparation process of tuber type medicinal materials, can not meet the requirements of the preparation of the existing decoction pieces, the traditional preparation method comprises the steps of drying (or naturally drying) the medicinal materials, cleaning, moistening and cutting the medicinal materials, and the cynomorium songaricum decoction pieces prepared by the method have large hardness after drying, are easy to break, are not beneficial to direct cutting and need moistening because the cynomorium songaricum is in a tuber shape in the production process, and have large loss of effective components of the cynomorium songaricum after drying (or naturally drying) and moistening, so that the finally obtained cynomorium songaricum decoction pieces are hard in texture, serious in lignification and poor in product quality.
The common cynomorium songaricum processing method is to prepare a drink, extract the active ingredients of the cynomorium songaricum by a chemical method or prepare a cynomorium songaricum decoction piece, wherein the process of preparing the drink mainly takes dry cynomorium songaricum as a raw material, and a final product is obtained by the processes of cleaning, slicing, decocting and the like, but the method is complex to operate, and the loss of the active ingredients of the cynomorium songaricum is more in excessive processing, so the nutritive value of the cynomorium songaricum is reduced; the process of extracting the effective components by chemical method will also reduce the nutritive value. In the decoction piece preparation process, the traditional method is to wash, moisten and cut the medicinal materials after drying (or naturally airing) and cleaning, the cynomorium songaricum decoction pieces produced by the method have large hardness after drying, are easy to break, are not beneficial to direct cutting, and need to be moistened, so that the loss of effective components is large, and the finally obtained cynomorium songaricum decoction pieces have poor quality.
A cynomorium songaricum tea processing method has application number: 201210425123.0 application date: 2012-10-30 the invention uses dried cynomorium songaricum as a main raw material, and the cynomorium songaricum is sliced and boiled with water according to the proportion of 1:10 at the temperature of 85-100 ℃ for 60-120 minutes, then the boiled cynomorium songaricum solution is filtered, 10-20% of white granulated sugar, 1.5-2% of citric acid and 0.3-0.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose are added into cynomorium songaricum juice for dissolving, and then the cynomorium songaricum tea is processed by food processing methods such as sterilization, filling and the like.
A tea-made cynomorium songaricum and a preparation method thereof have application numbers that: 201301036551.9 application date: 2013-01-31 the invention relates to a preparation method of tea-processed cynomorium songaricum, which is characterized by mainly comprising the steps of firstly, soaking the cynomorium songaricum in a tea soaking solution or a tea extract solution tea polyphenol solution; and step two, drying the cynomorium songaricum. The cynomorium songaricum prepared by the method can be stored for a long time without going bad easily. Improving the compliance of users, being easy to digest, improving the taste, smoothing the drug property, improving the use quality and having no side effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel operational process of a cynomorium songaricum decoction piece preparation process, which aims to solve the problems of waste caused by material crushing, large loss of active ingredients after slicing, serious lignification and the like in the traditional process.
In order to solve the problem, the process adopts a fresh cynomorium songaricum producing area to process, uses the fresh cynomorium songaricum as a raw material, adopts a method of destroying the activity of biological enzyme to inhibit the decomposition effect of enzyme in the fresh cynomorium songaricum, reserves effective components and polysaccharide components, obtains the cynomorium songaricum raw material which is soft and easy to cut, and produces the cynomorium songaricum decoction pieces with stable quality.
The invention provides a preparation method of a novel cynomorium songaricum decoction piece.
The fresh cynomorium songaricum has the following characters: the surface is brownish yellow (or brownish), is in a semitransparent colloid shape, has triangular vascular bundles in section, is soft and moist, and has sweet and slightly astringent taste.
The preparation process scheme of the fresh cynomorium songaricum decoction pieces is as follows:
selecting fresh cynomorium songaricum raw materials, quickly cleaning the fresh cynomorium songaricum raw materials with high-pressure water, putting the washed fresh cynomorium songaricum raw materials into a medicine moistening machine, introducing steam at the temperature of 85-93 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20-30 minutes, and drying: naturally drying the mixture until the mixture is dried to 7 to 8 percent; if natural airing is adopted, the cynomorium songaricum needs to be put into an oven to be dried for 3 to 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ before the natural airing, so that the outer skin of the cynomorium songaricum is dried, the outer skin is prevented from rotting due to fungal infection (bacteria are easy to grow under certain temperature and suitable humidity) in the natural airing process, and the cynomorium songaricum needs to be turned over 2 times every day in the process of natural airing, wherein the turning is carried out once in the morning and at night; cutting: sending the dried cynomorium songaricum into a medicine washing machine to wash off floating dust on the surface, then sending the cynomorium songaricum into a medicine cutting machine to cut, wherein the cutting thickness is 2-4 mm; and (3) drying: uniformly placing the cut lock male die into a baking pan, and drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for: 3-4 hours; sorting: sorting the dried slices, sorting by adopting a screening machine, grading the slices, and removing crushed slag; packaging: and (4) metering, packaging and warehousing the classified decoction pieces according to the specification.
The temperature of the herbal medicine infiltrating machine is preferably 88-92 ℃.
The demulcent temperature is further preferably 89 to 91 ℃.
On the basis of the process, the inventor further develops the following technical scheme:
pretreatment of raw materials: selecting and cleaning fresh cynomorium songaricum, and putting into 80-85 ℃ cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid for keeping for 4-8 minutes; electric shock treatment is adopted for 2-4 minutes at the stage; and (3) carrying out enzyme killing heat treatment on the cynomorium songaricum: placing the processed cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid into a medicine moistening machine with the temperature of 87-93 ℃, and introducing steam for keeping for 3-8 minutes; and (3) drying: placing the cynomorium songaricum into an oven to be dried for 3-4 hours at 60 ℃, and naturally drying, wherein the cynomorium songaricum is turned over for 2 times every day in the process of naturally drying, and the cynomorium songaricum is respectively used once in the morning and at night; cutting: sending the dried cynomorium songaricum into a medicine washing machine to wash off floating dust on the surface, then sending the cynomorium songaricum into a medicine cutting machine to cut, wherein the cutting thickness is 2-4 mm; and (3) drying: uniformly placing the cut lock male die into a baking pan, and drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for: 3-4 hours; sorting: sorting the dried slices, sorting by adopting a screening machine, grading the slices, and removing crushed slag; packaging: and (4) metering, packaging and warehousing the classified decoction pieces according to the specification.
Electric shock treatment conditions: the electric field intensity is 20-40kV/cm, the pulse time is 400-.
Preparing the cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid:
the preparation method of the cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid comprises the following steps: crushing and adding water: crushing cynomorium songaricum, adding 5-10 parts of water for mixing, and performing enzymolysis: adding cellulase accounting for 1-2% of the mass of the cynomorium songaricum to carry out enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis condition is controlled at 50-70 ℃, ph5-7, and the enzymolysis time is 2-6 hours; enzyme deactivation: heating to 95-100 deg.C to inactivate enzyme for 10-20 min, and filtering to obtain filtrate as herba Cynomorii enzymolysis solution. The enzyme preparation is purchased from enzyme preparation companies such as Novovin, Guangxi and Tohua Beijing.
Has the advantages that:
producing area processing: processing is carried out immediately after the fresh cynomorium songaricum is dug, the fresh cynomorium songaricum is processed in time, and the maximum retention of each component in the cynomorium songaricum is ensured; enzyme killing treatment: the performance of the fresh cynomorium songaricum decoction piece preparation process is greatly improved compared with the traditional decoction piece through experimental data; the raw materials are saved: the fresh cynomorium songaricum can be lignified and hard after being thoroughly dried by the traditional processing method, the value of the prepared decoction pieces is low, the process adopts the production place to directly take the fresh cynomorium songaricum as a raw material, and the processed raw material cynomorium songaricum is soft in texture and can be cut into whole pieces; intermediate links are reduced, and the production cost is saved by 30-60%: the sunning of the cynomorium songaricum raw material and the moistening of the dry raw material in the traditional process link are reduced; the color is good: the cynomorium songaricum decoction pieces prepared by the process are in a tan colloid shape and soft in texture.
The pulse treatment technology and the cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid can effectively improve the taste and the properties of the cynomorium songaricum tablets and improve the medicinal value of the cynomorium songaricum tablets.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture of a fresh cynomorium songaricum object before treatment.
FIG. 2 is a picture of the processed fresh cynomorium songaricum.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Selecting fresh cynomorium songaricum raw materials, rapidly cleaning the fresh cynomorium songaricum raw materials with high-pressure water, putting the washed cynomorium songaricum raw materials into a medicine moistening machine, introducing steam at 90 ℃ for 26 minutes for enzyme killing, and drying: firstly, placing the cynomorium songaricum into an oven to be dried for 3 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and then turning over the cynomorium songaricum for 2 times every day in the process of naturally drying the cynomorium songaricum, wherein the cynomorium songaricum is used once in the morning and at night; cutting: sending the dried cynomorium songaricum into a medicine washing machine to wash off floating dust on the surface, then sending the cynomorium songaricum into a medicine cutting machine to cut, wherein the thickness of the cynomorium songaricum is 4 mm; and (3) drying: uniformly placing the cut lock male die into a baking pan, and drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for: 3 hours; sorting: sorting the dried slices, sorting by adopting a screening machine, grading the slices, and removing crushed slag; and metering, packaging and warehousing. The degree of lignification was 5.4%.
Example 2
Selecting fresh cynomorium songaricum raw materials, quickly cleaning the fresh cynomorium songaricum raw materials with high-pressure water, steaming the washed fresh cynomorium songaricum raw materials for 30 minutes at 88 ℃ in a medicine moistening machine to kill enzyme, and drying: naturally airing, namely putting the cynomorium songaricum into an oven to be dried for 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and turning over the cynomorium songaricum for 2 times every day in the process of naturally airing, wherein the cynomorium songaricum is used for one time in the morning and at night; cutting: sending the dried cynomorium songaricum into a medicine washing machine to wash off floating dust on the surface, then sending the cynomorium songaricum into a medicine cutting machine to cut, wherein the thickness of the cynomorium songaricum is 2 mm; and (3) drying: uniformly placing the cut lock male die into a baking pan, and drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for: 4 hours; sorting: sorting the dried slices, sorting by adopting a screening machine, grading the slices, and removing crushed slag; the degree of lignification was 5.1%.
Example 3
Pretreatment of raw materials: selecting and cleaning fresh cynomorium songaricum, and putting into 80 ℃ cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid for keeping for 8 minutes; electric shock treatment is adopted for 2 minutes at this stage; and (3) carrying out enzyme killing heat treatment on the cynomorium songaricum: placing the processed cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid into a medicine moistening machine with the temperature of 93 ℃, and introducing steam for keeping for 8 minutes; and (3) drying: placing the cynomorium songaricum into an oven to be dried for 3 hours at 60 ℃, and naturally drying, wherein the cynomorium songaricum is turned over for 2 times every day in the process of naturally drying, and the cynomorium songaricum is used once in the morning and at night; cutting: sending the dried cynomorium songaricum into a medicine washing machine to wash off floating dust on the surface, then sending the cynomorium songaricum into a medicine cutting machine to cut, wherein the thickness of the cynomorium songaricum is 4 mm; and (3) drying: uniformly placing the cut lock male die into a baking pan, and drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for: 3 hours; sorting: sorting the dried slices, sorting by adopting a screening machine, grading the slices, and removing crushed slag; packaging: and (4) metering, packaging and warehousing the classified decoction pieces according to the specification. The degree of lignification was 2.4%.
Preparing the cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid: crushing and adding water: crushing cynomorium songaricum, adding 6 parts of water for mixing, and performing enzymolysis: adding cellulase accounting for 1 percent of the mass of the cynomorium songaricum for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis condition is controlled at 60 ℃, ph6 and the enzymolysis time is 4 hours; enzyme deactivation: heating to 98 deg.C to inactivate enzyme for 20 min, and filtering to obtain filtrate as herba Cynomorii enzymolysis solution.
Example 4
Pretreatment of raw materials: selecting and cleaning fresh cynomorium songaricum, and then putting into the cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid at 83 ℃ for keeping for 5 minutes; electric shock treatment is adopted for 2 minutes at this stage; and (3) carrying out enzyme killing heat treatment on the cynomorium songaricum: placing the processed cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid into a medicine moistening machine with the temperature of 87 ℃, and introducing steam for keeping for 4 minutes; and (3) drying: placing the cynomorium songaricum into an oven to be dried for 3 hours at 60 ℃, and naturally drying, wherein the cynomorium songaricum is turned over for 2 times every day in the process of naturally drying, and the cynomorium songaricum is used once in the morning and at night; cutting: sending the dried cynomorium songaricum into a medicine washing machine to wash off floating dust on the surface, then sending the cynomorium songaricum into a medicine cutting machine to cut the cynomorium songaricum into slices with the thickness of 3 mm; and (3) drying: uniformly placing the cut lock male die into a baking pan, and drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for: 4 hours; sorting: sorting the dried slices, sorting by adopting a screening machine, grading the slices, and removing crushed slag; packaging: and (4) metering, packaging and warehousing the classified decoction pieces according to the specification.
The degree of lignification was 1.3%.
Electric shock treatment conditions: the electric field intensity is 20-40kV/cm, the pulse time is 400-.
Preparing the cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid: crushing and adding water: crushing cynomorium songaricum, adding 10 parts of water for mixing, and performing enzymolysis: adding cellulase accounting for 1 percent of the mass of the cynomorium songaricum for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis condition is controlled at 60 ℃, ph6 and the enzymolysis time is 3 hours; enzyme deactivation: heating to 95-100 deg.C to inactivate enzyme for 15 min, and filtering to obtain filtrate as herba Cynomorii enzymolysis solution. The enzyme preparation is purchased from enzyme preparation companies such as Novovin, Guangxi and Tohua Beijing.
Example 5
Pretreatment of raw materials: selecting and cleaning fresh cynomorium songaricum, and putting into the cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid at 85 ℃ for 6 minutes; electric shock treatment is used for 3 minutes at this stage; and (3) carrying out enzyme killing heat treatment on the cynomorium songaricum: placing the processed cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid into a medicine moistening machine with the temperature of 93 ℃, and introducing steam for keeping for 5 minutes; and (3) drying: placing the cynomorium songaricum into an oven to be dried for 4 hours at 60 ℃, and naturally drying, wherein the cynomorium songaricum is turned over for 2 times every day in the process of naturally drying, and the cynomorium songaricum is used once in the morning and at night; cutting: sending the dried cynomorium songaricum into a medicine washing machine to wash off floating dust on the surface, then sending the cynomorium songaricum into a medicine cutting machine to cut, wherein the thickness of the cynomorium songaricum is 2 mm; and (3) drying: uniformly placing the cut lock male die into a baking pan, and drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for: 3 hours; sorting: sorting the dried slices, sorting by adopting a screening machine, grading the slices, and removing crushed slag; packaging: and (4) metering, packaging and warehousing the classified decoction pieces according to the specification. Electric shock treatment conditions: the electric field intensity is 20-40kV/cm, the pulse time is 400-. The degree of lignification was 1.4%.
Preparing the cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid: crushing and adding water: and (3) crushing cynomorium songaricum, adding 8 parts of water for mixing, and performing enzymolysis: adding cellulase accounting for 2 percent of the mass of the cynomorium songaricum for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis condition is controlled at 55 ℃, ph5 and the enzymolysis time is 2 hours; enzyme deactivation: heating to 100 ℃ to inactivate enzyme for 10 minutes, and filtering to obtain filtrate, namely the cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid.
Example 6
The traditional tabletting method comprises the following steps:
drying herba Cynomorii at 70 deg.C for 3-4 hr, air drying, and turning herba Cynomorii for 2 times every day, once in the morning and evening; cutting: sending the dried cynomorium songaricum into a medicine washing machine to wash off floating dust on the surface, then sending the cynomorium songaricum into a medicine cutting machine to cut, wherein the cutting thickness is 2-4 mm; and (3) drying: uniformly placing the cut lock male die into a baking pan, and drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for: 3-4 hours; sorting: sorting the dried slices, sorting by adopting a screening machine, grading the slices, and removing crushed slag; the degree of lignification of the package is 21.4%.
TABLE 1 comparison of product indices for different processes
| Traits | Character scoring | Taste of the product | Taste scoring | |
| EXAMPLE 1 product | Is softer | 8.9 | Sweet and slightly bitter | 8.3 |
| EXAMPLE 2 product | Is softer | 8.6 | Sweet and slightly bitter | 8.6 |
| EXAMPLE 3 product | Softness | 9.6 | Sweet taste | 9.5 |
| EXAMPLE 4 product | Softness | 9.7 | Sweet taste | 9.6 |
| EXAMPLE 5 product | Softness | 9.6 | Sweet taste | 9.6 |
| EXAMPLE 6 product | The hardness is high, the material is easy to be broken, | 5.1 | bitter and astringent | 4.2 |
Effect test 1: the product of the example 1 is drunk by 80 weak people between 55 and 75 years of age in inner Mongolia region, the drinking time is 5 g in winter, after drinking for 40 days, the result shows that the product has obvious effects of improving the resistance and the immunity of 50 percent of people, and the sexual function of 55 percent of people is obviously enhanced compared with the prior art. The product has good edible and nourishing effects. Many people who continuously eat the product have better effect after long-term taking, do not catch a cold all the year round and have better physical conditions.
Effect test 2: the product of the example 3 is drunk by 80 weak people between 55 and 75 years of age in inner Mongolia region, the drinking time is 5 g in winter, after drinking for 40 days, the result shows that the product has obvious effects of improving the resistance and the immunity of 89 percent of people, and the sexual function of 85 percent of people is obviously enhanced compared with the prior art. The product has good edible and nourishing effects. Many people who continuously eat the product have better effect after long-term taking, do not catch a cold all the year round and have better physical conditions.
Claims (2)
1. A method for preparing herba Cynomorii decoction pieces comprises selecting fresh herba Cynomorii raw materials, and rapidly cleaning with high pressure water, wherein the fresh herba Cynomorii is selected, cleaned, and added into 80-85 deg.C herba Cynomorii enzymolysis solution for 4-8 min; electric shock treatment is adopted for 2-4 minutes at the stage; and (3) carrying out enzyme killing heat treatment on the cynomorium songaricum: placing the processed cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid into a medicine moistening machine with the temperature of 87-93 ℃, and introducing steam for keeping for 3-8 minutes;
and (3) drying: placing the cynomorium songaricum into an oven to be dried for 3-4 hours at 60 ℃, and naturally drying, wherein the cynomorium songaricum is turned over for 2 times every day in the process of naturally drying, and the cynomorium songaricum is used once in the morning and at night; cutting: sending the dried cynomorium songaricum into a medicine washing machine to wash off floating dust on the surface, then sending the cynomorium songaricum into a medicine cutting machine to cut, wherein the cutting thickness is 2-4 mm; and (3) drying: uniformly placing the cut lock male die into a baking pan, and drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for: 3-4 hours; sorting: sorting the dried slices, sorting by adopting a screening machine, grading the slices, and removing crushed slag; packaging: the classified decoction pieces are measured, packaged and put in storage according to the specification;
the electric shock treatment condition is as follows: the electric field intensity is 20-40kV/cm, the pulse time is 400-;
the preparation method of the cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis liquid comprises the following steps: crushing and adding water: crushing cynomorium songaricum, adding 5-10 parts of water for mixing, and performing enzymolysis: adding cellulase accounting for 1-2% of the mass of the cynomorium songaricum to carry out enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis condition is controlled at 50-70 ℃, the pH value is 5-7, and the enzymolysis time is 2-6 hours; enzyme deactivation: heating to 95-100 deg.C to inactivate enzyme for 10-20 min, and filtering to obtain filtrate as herba Cynomorii enzymolysis solution.
2. The method for preparing cynomorium songaricum decoction pieces according to claim 1, wherein fresh cynomorium songaricum is selected, cleaned and then put into a cynomorium songaricum enzymolysis solution at 83 ℃ for 5 minutes; electric shock treatment is adopted for 2 minutes at this stage; and (3) carrying out enzyme killing heat treatment on the cynomorium songaricum: placing the processed Cynomorium songaricum into a medicine moistening machine with the temperature of 87-93 ℃, and introducing steam for keeping for 4 minutes;
and (3) drying: placing the cynomorium songaricum into an oven to be dried for 3 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and naturally drying the cynomorium songaricum, wherein the cynomorium songaricum is turned over for 2 times every day in the process of naturally drying the cynomorium songaricum, and the cynomorium songaricum is respectively used once in the morning and at night; cutting: sending the dried cynomorium songaricum into a medicine washing machine to wash off floating dust on the surface, then sending the cynomorium songaricum into a medicine cutting machine to cut, wherein the cutting thickness is 2-4 mm; and (3) drying: uniformly placing the cut lock male die into a baking pan, and drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for: 3-4 hours; sorting: sorting the dried slices, sorting by adopting a screening machine, grading the slices, and removing crushed slag; packaging: and (4) metering, packaging and warehousing the classified decoction pieces according to the specification.
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