CN113615766A - 复合植物提取物与益生菌生物发酵饲料的制备及应用 - Google Patents
复合植物提取物与益生菌生物发酵饲料的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及微生物发酵技术领域,尤其是一种复合植物提取物与复合益生菌生物发酵饲料的制备及应用,复合植物提取物与培养基混合在一起,接入酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌,乳酸菌,利用经驯化、培养、健康的益生菌,酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆、乳酸菌菌株作为液态和固态植物发酵饲料,进行混合培养发酵。发酵后的产物具有抗菌肽能的广谱抗菌,能有效提高家禽免疫力,抑制有害菌,平衡体内菌群,并且益生菌和植物抗生素共同发酵,提高药物活性作用;能产生功能性多糖、生物素促生长因子等多种生物活性物质、有机酸、多肽、多种维生素和多种酶类等功能性发酵代谢产物,复合益生菌发酵饲料中的乳酸菌及氨基酸、乳酸含量有利于单菌发酵饲料;更易被动物吸收。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物发酵技术领域,尤其是一种复合植物提取物与益生菌生物发酵饲料的制备及应用。
背景技术
微生物发酵即是指利用微生物,在适宜的条件下,将原料经过特定的代谢途径转化为人类所需要的产物过程。微生物发酵生产水平主要取决于菌种本身的遗传特性和培养条件。
发酵工程的应用范围医药工业、食品工业、能源工业、化学工业、农业、改造植物基因、生物固氮、微生物养料和环境保护等方面。
在传统的微生态发酵过程中所使用的益生菌微生物抗逆性不足,活性不够稳定,无法调节动物肠道菌群平衡,没有良好的产酶和抑菌效果,导致动物机体的营养物资的消化率、微生态环境不高,无法维持动物机体健康状态,其免疫力、抗病能力、抗应激能力,减少或替代抗生素的作用也不强,同时养殖成本和饲养周期比较长。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:为了解决上述背景技术中存在的问题,提供一种改进的复合植物提取物与益生菌生物发酵饲料的制备及应用,解决上述背景技术中存在的问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种复合植物提取物与益生菌生物发酵饲料的制备及应用,其制备流程如下:
步骤一:斜面菌种的制备
斜面试管培养基:新鲜麦芽汁10~15波林,其中麦芽汁:水为1:4,琼脂粉1.5~2.0%,121℃20分钟灭菌,自然PH值,降温至30℃±1接种,将保存菌种接入斜面试管,放置恒温箱30~32℃培养24小时后,制成斜面菌种,放置冰箱保存备用;
步骤二:10ml液体菌种培养液的制备
胰蛋白胨0.5克,酵母粉0.25克,葡萄糖0.25克,放置10ml试管,PH值4.2~4.5,121℃20分钟灭菌,降温备用。在30℃±1状态下将培养好的斜面菌种接入,摇床30~32℃,振幅140r/min,20-24小时培养;
步骤三:一级种子培养液的制备
胰蛋白胨5克,酵母粉2.5克,葡萄糖2.5克,100ml培养瓶,100ml纯净水,PH值调至4.2~4.5,121℃,20分钟灭菌,降温备用至30℃±1接10ml液体菌种,摇床30~32℃,振幅140r/min左右,20-24小时培养;
步骤四:二级种子培养液的制备
1L黄浆水水解,50克葡萄糖,酵母粉25克,蛋白胨50克,用调至PH值4.2~4.5,121℃,20分钟灭菌,温度降至32℃左右接入一级种子培养液,摇床30~32℃,振幅140r/min左右,20-24小时;
步骤五:种子卡氏罐培养液的制备
100L黄浆水水解,500克葡萄糖,用氨水调至PH值调至4.2~4.5,121℃,20分钟灭菌,降温备用,30~32℃接入二级种子培养液,种子发酵罐通风培养,通风量1;1;
步骤六:生产种子培养液的制备
1500L发酵罐,黄浆水来水解,加入废蔗糖,氨水调PH值4.2~4.5,降温至32℃左右接入种子卡氏罐培养液,通风培养,通风量1:1,培养8--10小时终止培养;
步骤七:生产发酵罐培养液的制备
20m3发酵罐,黄浆水来水解,废蔗糖,1%鱼腥草,1%竹叶,1%蒲公英,1%金银花,1%黄芪,氨水调PH值4.2~4.5,121℃,灭菌,降温32℃备用,接入1500L生产菌种,混合发酵,通风培养,通风量1:1,发酵培养8--10小时后终止发酵;
步骤八:先采用离心,再进行烘干,然后粉碎,最后包装。
所述的高速离心机速率为:10000r/min20分钟,所述的烘干室通风温度75-80℃,时间7-8小时,然后将烘干的菌粉80目粉碎,最后将80目的菌粉装入包装袋。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的一种复合植物提取物与益生菌生物发酵饲料的制备及应用益生菌在发酵时通过酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆、乳酸菌和多种植物提取物共同发酵,利用废弃的农作物做为培养基,既废物利用又环保环境;
(2)固态采用糠麸、豆渣、玉米粉、菌渣(植物)提取物,液态利用黄浆水作为培养基与枯草芽孢杆菌,酵母菌,乳酸菌混合培养发酵,并与多种植物提取物共同发酵,植物提取物有他的多功能性,因植物提取物是自然界天然存在的物质,其含有糖类、氨基酸、纤维素、维生素等营养物质,作为饲料添加剂除了补给营养,它还能起到替抗的作用,具有抑制细菌生长、调节肠道菌群、增强机体免疫力、抗应激等作用,病原菌对植物抗生素不易产生耐药性,易于被动物体分解利用,不会有药物残留,人类和动物在繁殖进化自然选择过程中,机体产生可分解转化植物提取物的酶类等活性物质,使得中草药能够被机体有限利用,并且植物提取物对机体无害。
(3)具有抗菌肽能的广谱抗菌,能有效提高家禽免疫力,抑制有害菌,平衡体内菌群,并且益生菌和植物抗生素共同发酵,可以提高药物活性作用,能产生功能性多糖、生物素促生长因子等多种生物活性物质、有机酸、多肽、多种维生素和多种酶类等功能性发酵代谢产物,复合益生菌发酵饲料中的乳酸菌及氨基酸,乳酸含量明显有利于单菌发酵饲料,而且可以迅速使粗饲料转化为内涵微生物菌体蛋白、生物活体小肽氨基酸、微生物益生菌和复合酶制剂的生物发酵饲料,提升粗饲料种内的氨基酸含量,而且更易被动物吸收。
具体实施方式
一种复合植物提取物与益生菌生物发酵饲料的制备及应用,其制备流程如下:
步骤一:斜面菌种的制备
斜面试管培养基:新鲜麦芽汁10~15波林,其中麦芽汁:水为1:4,琼脂粉1.5~2.0%,121℃20分钟灭菌,自然PH值,降温至30℃±1接种,将保存菌种接入斜面试管,放置恒温箱30~32℃培养24小时后,制成斜面菌种,放置冰箱保存备用;
步骤二:10ml液体菌种培养液的制备
胰蛋白胨0.5克,酵母粉0.25克,葡萄糖0.25克,放置10ml试管,PH值4.2~4.5,121℃20分钟灭菌,降温备用。在30℃±1状态下将培养好的斜面菌种接入,摇床30~32℃,振幅140r/min,20-24小时培养;
步骤三:一级种子培养液的制备
胰蛋白胨5克,酵母粉2.5克,葡萄糖2.5克,100ml培养瓶,100ml纯净水,PH值调至4.2~4.5,121℃,20分钟灭菌,降温备用至30℃±1接10ml液体菌种,摇床30~32℃,振幅140r/min左右,20-24小时培养;
步骤四:二级种子培养液的制备
1L黄浆水水解,50克葡萄糖,酵母粉25克,蛋白胨50克,用调至PH值4.2~4.5,121℃,20分钟灭菌,温度降至32℃左右接入一级种子培养液,摇床30~32℃,振幅140r/min左右,20-24小时;
步骤五:种子卡氏罐培养液的制备
100L黄浆水水解,500克葡萄糖,用氨水调至PH值调至4.2~4.5,121℃,20分钟灭菌,降温备用,30~32℃接入二级种子培养液,种子发酵罐通风培养,通风量1;1;
步骤六:生产种子培养液的制备
1500L发酵罐,黄浆水来水解,加入废蔗糖,氨水调PH值4.2~4.5,降温至32℃左右接入种子卡氏罐培养液,通风培养,通风量1:1,培养8--10小时终止培养;
步骤七:生产发酵罐培养液的制备
20m3发酵罐,黄浆水来水解,废蔗糖,1%鱼腥草,1%竹叶,1%蒲公英,1%金银花,1%黄芪,氨水调PH值4.2~4.5,121℃,灭菌,降温32℃备用,接入1500L生产菌种,混合发酵,通风培养,通风量1:1,发酵培养8--10小时后终止发酵;
步骤八:先采用离心,再进行烘干,然后粉碎,最后包装。
所述的高速离心机速率为:10000r/min20分钟,所述的烘干室通风温度75-80℃,时间7-8小时,然后将烘干的菌粉80目粉碎,最后将80目的菌粉装入包装袋。
本发明的一种复合植物提取物与益生菌生物发酵饲料的制备及应用益生菌在发酵时通过酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆、乳酸菌和多种植物提取物共同发酵,利用废弃的农作物做为培养基,既废物利用又环保环境;固态采用糠麸、豆渣、玉米粉来制作菌渣提取物,液态利用黄浆水作为培养基与枯草芽孢杆菌,酵母菌,乳酸菌混合培养发酵,并与多种植物抗生素共同发酵,植物提取物有他的多功能性,因植物抗生素是自然界天然存在的物质,其含有糖类、氨基酸、纤维素、维生素等营养物质,作为饲料添加剂除了补给营养,它还具有抑制细菌生长、调节肠道菌群、增强机体免疫力、抗应激等作用,病原菌对植物抗生素不易产生耐药性,易于被动物体分解利用,不会有药物残留,人类和动物在繁殖进化自然选择过程中,机体产生可分解转化植物提取物的酶类等活性物质,使得中草药能够被机体有限利用,并且植物提取物对机体无害;具有抗菌肽能的广谱抗菌,能有效提高家禽免疫力,抑制有害菌,平衡体内菌群,并且益生菌和植物抗生素共同发酵,可以提高药物活性作用,能产生功能性多糖、生物素促生长因子等多种生物活性物质、有机酸、多肽、多种维生素和多种酶类等功能性发酵代谢产物,复合益生菌发酵饲料中的乳酸菌及氨基酸,乳酸含量明显有利于单菌发酵饲料,而且可以迅速使粗饲料转化为内涵微生物菌体蛋白、生物活体小肽氨基酸、微生物益生菌和复合酶制剂的生物发酵饲料,提升粗饲料种内的氨基酸含量,而且更易被动物吸收。
本发明的应用实验如下:
选取体重相近的健康产蛋母鸡495只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复33只鸡(耗料试验为每组9个重复,每个重复11只鸡)。对照组饲喂基础日粮(记为1组),4个处理组分别在基础日粮中添加200、400、800和1200mg/kg植物提取物(分别记为2组、3组、4组、5组),在产蛋后期270日龄开始试验,饲喂8周(3月4日-4月29日)。整个试验期间三层阶梯式个体笼养,自由饮水,常规光照(16h:8h)和免疫程序。
1组 | 2组 | 3组 | 4组 | 5组 | |
添加量(mg/kg) | 0 | 200 | 400 | 800 | 1200 |
试验前体重(g) | 1504.3±191.0 | 1518.0±189.4 | 1522.9±213.6 | 1475.4±195.9 | 1495.3±198.3 |
试验前产蛋率(%) | 84.2 | 84.2 | 83.4 | 84.8 | 84.7 |
1.3样品采集与测定
试验期间记录各组每天产蛋数,破损、死淘等情况;
每周全群测蛋重;
每2周测全群鸡蛋指标(沙壳与暗斑等)、抽测常规蛋品质(>30个/组),包括蛋壳颜色、光泽度、蛋壳强度、蛋重、蛋黄重、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度等;
4周和8周结束时每组每重复各随机取2只,采血检测血清氧化应激指标(总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物(GSH-PX)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量)、免疫学指标(血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA、补体3(C3)及补体4(C4)含量、8周检测吞噬细胞吞噬能力),常规屠宰,称宰前重、全净膛重、半净膛重、腹脂重等,屠宰后取胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊检测免疫器官指数以及取肝脏检测肝脏组织氧化应激指标。
采血:2只×3重复×5组,每只鸡采血3毫升,分装至1.5毫升离心管各2管,离心取上清即血清,-20度保存。(测血清氧化应激指标、免疫学指标)
采样:2只×3重复×5组,屠宰后取部分肝脏组织,剪成小块后装入1.5毫升离心管(测氧化应激指标)。取空肠、回肠、盲肠,内容物装入5毫升离心管,另取部分肝脏组织装入1.5毫升离心管(待测TOR样受体信号通路相关基因表达),-80度保存。
屠宰:5只×3重复×5组,常规屠宰,测屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、肝率、腹脂率、脂肪肝程度。取胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊,称重,测免疫器官指数。
吞噬细胞吞噬能力:2只×3重复×5组,称体重,翅内静脉注入1:3稀释的印度墨汁0.2ml,并立即计时,注入墨汁后2min、10min分别从心脏采血0.2ml,加入20ml 0.1%Na2CO3溶液中摇匀,用酶标仪在波长600nm处测定吸光值OD,以Na2CO3溶液作空白对照,将鸡宰杀,取肝脏、脾脏称重,计算吞噬指数。
吞噬指数:a=体重÷(肝重+脾重)×K1/3。说明:a为吞噬指数;K为碳廓清率,K=(lgODl—lgOD2)/t2-tl;ODl、OD2分别为2min、10min时取血制得的待测液的吸光值;t1、t2为注射印度墨汁后的采血时间。
1.4数据分析
数据使用EXCEL计算各组平均值和标准差,采用SPSS 16.0软件对各数据进行单因素方差分析。
2结果与分析
2.1生产性能
2.1.1 2周生产性能
结果见表1,各指标5组间显著差异。
表1 2周生产性能
2.1.2 4周生产性能
结果见表2,耗料2组与1、3组间有显著差异。
表2 4周生产性能
2.1.3 6周生产性能
结果见表3,各指标无组间显著差异。
表3 6周生产性能
平均产蛋率(%) | 平均耗料(克) | 成活率(%) | |
1组 | 77.8±2.65 | 104.2±4.94 | 100.0 |
2组 | 78.1±2.55 | 104.5±5.33 | 99.0 |
3组 | 77.5±3.92 | 103.8±5.47 | 100.0 |
4组 | 78.0±5.40 | 103.8±4.81 | 100.0 |
5组 | 78.3±2.24 | 103.1±7.21 | 99.0 |
2.1.4 8周生产性能
结果见表4,各指标无组间显著差异。
表4 8周生产性能
平均产蛋率(%) | 沙壳率(%) | 平均耗料(克) | 成活率(%) | |
1组 | 77.1±4.15 | 1.25 | 103.8±4.68 | 100.0 |
2组 | 77.8±3.06 | 104.6±5.30 | 99.0 | |
3组 | 77.1±0.05 | 1.33 | 103.9±5.23 | 100.0 |
4组 | 77.4±0.01 | 1.18 | 103.5±4.44 | 100.0 |
5组 | 77.6±0.02 | 103.6±7.08 | 99.0 |
2.2蛋品质
2.2.1 2周蛋品质
结果见表5,光泽度2、3、5组显著大于1组;蛋壳厚度4、5组显著大于1、2、3组;蛋黄颜色2组显著大于1组。
表5 2周蛋品质
2.2.2 4周蛋品质
结果见表6,蛋壳颜色5组显著大于4组,蛋壳厚度5组显著小于其他组,蛋壳重1组显著低于2、3、4组,蛋黄颜色1组显著小于2组。
表6 4周蛋品质
2.2.3 6周蛋品质
结果见表7,光泽度2、3、4、5组显著大于1组,5组显著大于其他组。
表7 6周蛋品质
2.2.4 8周蛋品质
结果见表8,蛋壳颜色3组显著大于1组;光泽度4、5组显著小于1、2、3组;蛋壳厚度3、4、5组显著小于1组,5组显著小于1、2组;蛋黄比率4、5组显著大于1、2组;哈氏单位4组显著小于1、2、3组。
表8 8周蛋品质
2.3屠体性状
结果见表9,屠宰率5组显著小于4组,胸肌重2组显著小于1、3、4组,肌胃重2组显著小于其他组,胸腺重1组显著小于2、3组。
表9 8周屠体性状
单位:g
蒲公英:
有清热解毒,治疗热淋和黄疸的疾病,消痈散结、利湿通淋的功效。此药可以用来治疗疮痈疔毒,乳痈内痈等疾病;还可以用来治疗热淋和黄疸的疾病。此外,对于肝火上炎导致的目赤肿痛也有一定的治疗功效。
鱼腥草:
鱼腥草是一种抗菌消炎功效特别出色的中药材,除了含有较多的矿物质,还有必要的维生素,除此之外鱼腥草含有多种天然的抗菌成分,不仅能提高免疫力,还能清热解毒,对金黄色球菌,白色球菌,痢疾干菌均有抑制作用。
金银花:
其功效主要是清热解毒,主治温病发热、热毒血痢、痈疽疔毒等。现代研究证明,金银花含有绿原酸、木犀草素苷等药理活性成分,对溶血性链球菌、金黄葡萄球菌等多种致病菌及上呼吸道感染致病病毒等有较强的抑制力,另外还可增强免疫力、消炎、解热、止血(凝血)、抑制肠道吸收胆固醇等,其临床用途非常广泛,可与其它药物配伍用于治疗呼吸道感染、菌痢、急性泌尿系统感染、等40余种病症。
竹叶:
竹叶含有多种药用成分
枯草芽孢杆菌:
能抑制致病菌,促进有益厌氧菌生长,并产生乳酸等有机酸类,降低肠道PH值,间接抑制其它致病菌生长。提高免疫球蛋白和抗体水平,增强细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,提高群体免疫力。合成α-淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶等酶类,在消化道中与动物体(人体)内的消化酶类一同发挥作用。
酵母菌:
酵母菌发酵后,可用于动物饲料中,能够促进动物的生长发育,增加肉量,改良肉质,并提升动物的抗病能力,能提供动物充足的营养素,改善动物的免疫系统,快速增加抵抗力。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种复合植物提取物与益生菌生物发酵饲料的制备及应用,其制备流程如下:
步骤一:斜面菌种的制备
斜面试管培养基:新鲜麦芽汁10~15波林,其中麦芽汁∶水为1∶4,琼脂粉1.5~2.0%,121℃ 20分钟灭菌,自然PH值,降温至30℃±1接种,将保存菌种接入斜面试管,放置恒温箱30~32℃培养24小时后,制成斜面菌种,放置冰箱保存备用;
步骤二:10ml液体菌种培养液的制备
胰蛋白胨0.5克,酵母粉0.25克,葡萄糖0.25克,放置10ml试管,PH值4.2~4.5,121℃20分钟灭菌,降温备用。在30℃±1状态下将培养好的斜面菌种接入,摇床30~32℃,振幅140r/min,20-24小时培养;
步骤三:一级种子培养液的制备
胰蛋白胨5克,酵母粉2.5克,葡萄糖2.5克,100ml培养瓶,100ml纯净水,PH值调至4.2~4.5,121℃,20分钟灭菌,降温备用至30℃±1接10ml液体菌种,摇床30~32℃,振幅140r/min左右,20-24小时培养;
步骤四:二级种子培养液的制备
1L黄浆水水解,50克葡萄糖,酵母粉25克,蛋白胨50克,用调至PH值4.2~4.5,121℃,20分钟灭菌,温度降至32℃左右接入一级种子培养液,摇床30~32℃,振幅140r/min左右,20-24小时;
步骤五:种子卡氏罐培养液的制备
100L黄浆水水解,500克葡萄糖,用氨水调至PH值调至4.2~4.5,121℃,20分钟灭菌,降温备用,30~32℃接入二级种子培养液,种子发酵罐通风培养,通风量1;1;
步骤六:生产种子培养液的制备
1500L发酵罐,黄浆水来水解,加入废蔗糖,氨水调PH值4.2~4.5,降温至32℃左右接入种子卡氏罐培养液,通风培养,通风量1∶1,培养8--10小时终止培养;
步骤七:生产发酵罐培养液的制备
20m3发酵罐,黄浆水来水解,废蔗糖,1%鱼腥草,1%竹叶,1%蒲公英,1%金银花,1%黄芪,氨水调PH值4.2~4.5,121℃,灭菌,降温32℃备用,接入1500L生产菌种,混合发酵,通风培养,通风量1∶1,发酵培养8--10小时后终止发酵;
步骤八:先采用离心,再进行烘干,然后粉碎,最后包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合植物提取物与益生菌生物发酵饲料的制备及应用,其特征是:所述的高速离心机速率为:10000r/min20分钟,所述的烘干室通风温度75-80℃,时间7-8小时,然后将烘干的菌粉80目粉碎,最后将80目的菌粉装入包装袋。
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