CN113615464A - Method for reducing mango pore noon break proportion - Google Patents
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- CN113615464A CN113615464A CN202110813159.5A CN202110813159A CN113615464A CN 113615464 A CN113615464 A CN 113615464A CN 202110813159 A CN202110813159 A CN 202110813159A CN 113615464 A CN113615464 A CN 113615464A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for reducing the ratio of mango stomates to noon break. The method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting mango trees in the adult period; 2) determining the noon break time of mangoes by observing the opening and closing proportion of air holes of the lower epidermis of the mango leaves at different time periods; 3) 3) in the mango air hole noon break period, continuously spraying water to the leaf surface for 20 minutes or 30 minutes, and spraying water again after 10 minutes or 20 minutes or 30 minutes; continuously spraying water to the leaf surfaces for 1-6 times; 4) after the water is continuously sprayed, the air holes on the leaves are opened, and the leaves perform photosynthesis. The method can obviously improve the pore opening quantity of the mango leaves in the noon break period, the pore opening rate reaches 57 percent on average, and the method has a good effect of reducing the mango pore noon break proportion, thereby enhancing the photosynthesis of plants and improving the fruit quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for reducing mango stomatal noon break proportion, inducing stomatal opening and enhancing mango photosynthetic efficiency.
Background
Photosynthesis is called the most important chemical reaction on the earth, and is a process in which plants convert solar energy into chemical energy, synthesize organic substances from inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and water, and release oxygen, and carbon dioxide is a raw material for photosynthesis, and the rate of photosynthesis increases with the increase in carbon dioxide concentration within a certain range. In the sun, the leaves of the plant absorb carbon dioxide in the air through stomata to perform photosynthesis. Therefore, the opening of stomata is an important prerequisite for the normal photosynthesis. However, in the noon of the summer where the illumination is the strongest, the plant has a phenomenon of noon break (i.e., stomatal closure) which reduces the carbon dioxide obtained in the plant body, so that photosynthesis cannot be performed due to lack of carbon dioxide.
The prior art has studied this aspect:
1. and (3) applying chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure to relieve PS II photo-inhibition of photosynthesis of the mulberry in the saline-alkali land, and analyzing the influence of the chemical fertilizers and the farmyard manure applied to the PS II functions of the mulberry leaves in the noon period by utilizing a fast-phase chlorophyll fluorescence technology. The results show that: in the noon, the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the photosynthetic Performance Index (PIABS) based on light absorption of mulberry leaves growing in saline-alkali soil are only 0.69 and 0.19 respectively, the mulberry leaves have obvious photoinhibition phenomenon during photosynthetic noon break, the Fv/Fm and PIABS values of the mulberry leaves can be improved by applying chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure, and the effect of applying the farmyard manure is superior to that of the chemical fertilizer.
2. Wheat is used as a material, and the reason of wheat photosynthesis noon break is researched from the aspect of physiological and ecological characteristics of crops. The test results prove that: before and after noon, the number of the wheat leaf stomata switches is closely related to the photosynthesis noon break, most of the wheat photosynthesis noon break is unrelated to the biological rhythm, and after shading at noon, the photosynthesis is enhanced and the biological yield is improved, which shows that the accumulation of the photosynthetic products is one of the important factors for forming the photosynthesis noon break.
3. Experiments of the influence of triacontanol on the daily change and yield of wheat photosynthesis are designed, and the purpose is to discuss the effect of triacontanol in overcoming or relieving the lunch break of photosynthesis. Spraying triacontanol with concentration of 0.5ppm during the flowering period and the filling period, spraying water simultaneously as a reference, and sampling and inspecting the yield during maturity. The test results show that the photosynthetic strength, the biological yield, the economic coefficient, the thousand seed weight and the like are increased to different degrees except that the thousand seed weight is reduced after twice spraying. Wherein, the best effect is achieved by spraying 0.5ppm triacontanol once in the flowering period. It appears that triacontanol has a certain effect on relieving wheat photosynthesis noon break, and can be popularized and applied to agricultural production.
4. Spraying 0.01 mg.L in growing season-1，0.1 mg·L -1And 1 mg. L-1The research on the chlorophyll content and the photosynthetic efficiency of the apple leaves, the quick fluorescence characteristic of the chlorophyll and the influence of the fruit quality by the rare earth compound foliar fertilizer with 3 concentrations. The results show that: 0.01 to 1 mg. L-1The rare earth compound foliar fertilizer can improve the chlorophyll content of the leaves of the apples, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (Pn/Ci), the rapid fluorescence induction kinetics curve (OJIP) of the chlorophyll, the photosynthetic Performance Index (PIABS) and the PS II photochemical electron transfer efficiency (PET) to different degrees, can relieve the influence of the photosynthetic noon break of the leaves, and can improve indexes such as fruit hardness, soluble solid, vitamin C, soluble sugar and titratable acid. The results show that the spraying of the rare earth compound foliar fertilizer can obviously improve the chlorophyll content of the leaves and the photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency of the leaves, and finally improve the fruit quality.
5. SO pair of mulberry growth and daily change of photosynthetic gas exchange parameters of leaves2Study on response to wet settlement by using annual mulberry as test material and by using a mixture of sodium sulfite and sodium bisulfite to simulate SO of different concentrations2Wet sedimentation. The results show that 20 mmol/L SO2Treating with the same daily variation trend as CK, wherein the porosity conductivity is higher than CK, and intercellular CO2The concentration is lower than CK, which indicates that 20 mmol/L SO2Can promote the stomatal aperture and CO of mulberry leaves during the' photosynthetic noon break2Assimilating and effectively relieving the photoinhibition of 'photosynthetic noon break'.
6. The influence research of the net room shading cultivation on the photosynthesis 'noon break' of the pawpaw is that the portable photosynthesis meter is utilized to measure the photosynthesis day change, the photoresponse curve, the chlorophyll fluorescence, the air temperature (Ta), the light intensity (PFD) and the difference of the steam pressure inside and outside the leaves (VPD) of the pawpaw. The results show that: in south China, net room cultivation is helpful to relieve light inhibition of plants generated under the conditions of strong light, high temperature and high humidity at noon and avoid noon break, so that more organic carbon is accumulated, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, and the method has the potential of popularization.
7. The influence of open natural light (control), open shading, greenhouse and greenhouse shading treatment on the photosynthesis rate of pepper functional leaves by using pepper as a test material is studied. The results show that: under the full-light condition, the daily change curve of the net photosynthetic rate of the pepper is in a 'double-peak' shape, the high peak value appears at 10:00 and 16:00, and the phenomenon of 'noon break' of photosynthesis is more obvious. Under the conditions of greenhouse and shading treatment, the daily change of the net photosynthetic rate of the hot pepper shows a single-peak curve. The net photosynthetic rate is basically consistent with the illumination intensity, and the net photosynthetic rate is obviously reduced. Improper shading can seriously affect photosynthesis, shading treatment is not needed in summer in a greenhouse, and outdoor cultivation is only carried out by using a shading net with higher light transmittance at noon in sunny days, so that the improvement of the photosynthesis of the hot pepper is facilitated, and the phenomenon of photosynthesis 'noon break' is relieved.
8. The 'red-yang' kiwi fruit under open field and rain sheltering cultivation conditions is used as a test material, and the influence of rain sheltering cultivation on the growth microenvironment, leaf photosynthetic capacity and fruit quality of the 'red-yang' kiwi fruit is researched by measuring indexes such as field humiture, plant photosynthesis and fruit quality. The results show that: the environmental temperature of the plants is reduced by 2.4 ℃ under the rain sheltering cultivation condition, the air humidity is improved by 12.2 percent, and the photosynthetic effective radiation is reduced by 13.0 to 28.6 percent; the rain sheltering cultivation can maintain the average net photosynthetic rate of the 'red-yang' kiwi fruits in the vigorous growth period, effectively relieve the phenomenon of 'noon break' of plant photosynthesis, has a certain protection effect on the plants, can improve the growth microenvironment of the 'red-yang' kiwi fruits, optimizes the plant photosynthesis and improves the fruit quality.
9. Using golden-silk jujube as test material, and adopting greenhouse cultivation method to study growth amount and biomass of golden-silk jujube, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, fluorescence parameter, free proline and soluble sugar content, membrane lipid peroxidation and Peroxidase (PO) under NaCl stress by exogenous siliconD) And Catalase (CAT) activity and protein expression variation, further elucidating the effect and mechanism of the silicon for relieving the salt stress of the golden silk jujube. The results show that: the salt stress obviously reduces the photosynthetic property of the golden-silk jujube. The soil silicon application can increase the chlorophyll content to a certain extent, the transpiration effect is enhanced, the air hole conductivity is increased, the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration is increased, and the CO of the air holes is reduced2Limitation of transport to chloroplasts and relief of photosynthetic lunch break.
10. The method is characterized in that the lower epidermal tissues of the leaves of arabidopsis thaliana and Fuji apples are taken as materials, and the stomata opening promoting effect and the possible mechanism of the stomata opening promoting effect of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) are researched by means of medicament treatment, an optical microscope and a Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). The results show that: 5-ALA can promote stomatal opening of apple leaves under light and dark conditions and prevent exogenous ABA and H2O2Induced stomatal closure and also reversal of Ca2+Induced stomatal closure. After 5-ALA treatment, apple leaves protect endogenous H of cells2O2 And Ca2+The content is obviously reduced. Based on these results, it was speculated that 5-ALA could down-regulate apple leaf guard cell H2O2And Ca2+In an amount to promote pore opening.
11. Researches a molecular mechanism for inducing degradation of starch in a protective cell by Brassinolide (BR) through means of molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, genetics and the like so as to promote stomatal opening. BR and H2O2Has dual regulation and control functions in the aspect of stomatal movement, the stomatal opening is promoted by low concentration, and the stomatal closing is promoted by high concentration. The plant senses a certain concentration of BR signals through a receptor BR II, so that a certain amount of H is accumulated in the plant body2O2，H2O2The interaction of BZRI and GBF2 is enhanced, the BZRI and GBF2 directly regulate the expression of beta-amylase gene (BAMI) at the transcription level, and the increase of the content or activity of the beta-amylase promotes the degradation of starch of guard cells, thereby causing stomata to open.
12. The induction of the stomatal opening of broad beans and the hydrogen peroxide (H) of guard cells by the Fusionin (FC) are researched2O2) The relationship of the levels. The results demonstrate that FC, H2O2Scavengers ascorbic acid (ASA) and H2O2Both the synthetic inhibitors diphenyl iodide (DPI) induced stomatal opening in the dark. In addition, FC and ASA not only block exogenous H2O2Induces stomata closure and promotes dark induced reopening of closed stomata, but DPI does not have this effect. Taken together the above results indicate that FC reduces endogenous H in guard cells by clearance2O2The levels in turn promote stomatal opening.
13. The research that exogenous sucrose can promote stomatal opening of broad beans under a non-photosynthetic condition is carried out, after broad bean plants are subjected to dark hunger treatment for 40 hours, the lower surface skin of the broad bean plants is taken, then the guard cell pairs on the lower surface skin are subjected to ultrasonic wave 'in-situ separation', then the guard cell pairs on the lower surface skin of the broad bean plants are treated by the exogenous sucrose under a sterile and non-photosynthetic condition, and the stomatal opening effect of the broad bean plants is investigated. The results of sucrose treatment at various concentrations (5200mmol/L) show: the increase of the pore opening is in a certain positive correlation with the sucrose concentration, and the sucrose treatment with the concentration of 100mmol/L shows the maximum promotion effect. It was also initially observed that sucrose maintained guard cell survival and chloroplast integrity.
14. The test researches the influence of two factors of different temperature and light intensity on the opening and closing of air holes and the photosynthetic daily change rule of functional leaves of the early crisp pears, and the test result shows that the temperature of the air holes measured in an artificial climate box when the relative opening degree is maximum is 28 ℃, the light intensity is 30000lx, and the temperature in the field is 30 ℃ and 65000 lx.
At present, no document or other report for inducing the air hole to be opened to relieve noon break and reducing the noon break proportion of mango air holes is found in the mango leaves in the noon break period by water spraying, and an orchard for implementing the measure is not found in actual production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method capable of effectively reducing the ratio of mango stomates to noon break. According to the method, the noon break time of the air holes is determined by observing the opening and closing proportion of the air holes in different time periods of the mangoes, and the opening proportion of the air holes is increased after water is sprayed to the mango leaves in the noon break time period, so that the noon break proportion of the mango air holes is reduced.
The invention relates to a method for reducing the afternoon nap proportion of a mango pore, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting mango trees in the adult period;
2) determining the noon break time of mangoes by observing the opening and closing proportion of air holes of the lower epidermis of the mango leaves at different time periods;
3) in the noon break period of mango stomachs, spraying water to the leaf surfaces for 20 minutes or 30 minutes continuously, and spraying water again after 10 minutes or 20 minutes or 30 minutes;
4) after the water is continuously sprayed, the air holes on the leaves are opened, and the leaves perform photosynthesis.
The method of the invention can achieve the following positive effects:
the method can obviously improve the pore opening quantity of the mango leaves in the noon break period, the pore opening rate reaches 57 percent on average, and the method has a good effect of reducing the mango pore noon break proportion, thereby enhancing the photosynthesis of plants and improving the fruit quality.
Detailed Description
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available by purchase.
Example 1:
1) selecting mango trees in the adult period;
2) determining the noon break time of mangoes by observing the opening and closing proportion of air holes of the lower epidermis of the mango leaves at different time periods;
3) in the noon break period of mango stomachs, water is continuously sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 10 minutes, and the water is sprayed again after 30 minutes.
4) No pores are open.
Example 2:
1) selecting mango trees in the adult period;
2) determining the noon break time of mangoes by observing the opening and closing proportion of air holes of the lower epidermis of the mango leaves at different time periods;
3) in the noon break period of mango stomatal, the water is continuously sprayed on the leaf surface for 20 minutes, and after 10 minutes, the water is sprayed again for 1 to 6 times.
4) The average pore opening rate is 45%;
example 3:
1) selecting mango trees in the adult period;
2) determining the noon break time of mangoes by observing the opening and closing proportion of air holes of the lower epidermis of the mango leaves at different time periods;
3) in the mango stomatal noon break period, continuously spraying water to the leaf surface for 20 minutes, and spraying the water for another time after 20 minutes, wherein the spraying time can be 1-6 times;
4) the pore opening rate was 57% on average.
Example 4:
1) selecting mango trees in the adult period;
2) determining the noon break time of mangoes by observing the opening and closing proportion of air holes of the lower epidermis of the mango leaves at different time periods;
3) in the noon break period of mango stomatal, the water is continuously sprayed on the leaf surface for 20 minutes, and the spraying is carried out for another time after 30 minutes, wherein the spraying can be carried out for 1-6 times.
4) The average pore opening rate is 54 percent;
example 5:
1) selecting mango trees in the adult period;
2) determining the noon break time of mangoes by observing the opening and closing proportion of air holes of the lower epidermis of the mango leaves at different time periods;
3) in the noon break period of mango stomatal, the water is continuously sprayed on the leaf surface for 30 minutes, and the spraying is carried out for another time after 10 minutes, wherein the spraying can be carried out for 1-6 times.
4) The average pore opening rate is 37%;
example 6:
1) selecting mango trees in the adult period;
2) determining the noon break time of mangoes by observing the opening and closing proportion of air holes of the lower epidermis of the mango leaves at different time periods;
3) in the noon break period of mango pores, continuously spraying water to the leaf surfaces for 30 minutes, and spraying the water for the next time after 20 minutes, wherein the spraying time can be 1-6 times;
4) the average pore opening rate is 21%;
example 7:
1) selecting mango trees in the adult period;
2) determining the noon break time of mangoes by observing the opening and closing proportion of air holes of the lower epidermis of the mango leaves at different time periods;
3) in the noon break period of mango pores, continuously spraying water to the leaf surfaces for 30 minutes, and spraying the water for the next time after 30 minutes, wherein the spraying time can be 1-6 times;
4) the average pore opening rate is 49%;
the above examples differ in the ratio of open pores. The average of the water spray opening ratios of the examples 3 and 4 was 50% or more, the average of the water spray opening ratios of the examples 2 and 7 was 40% or more, the average of the water spray opening ratios of the examples 5 and 6 was 20% or more, and the water spray opening ratio of the example 1 was 0. After data analysis, the spraying effect is the best after the example 3 sprays water for 20 minutes and 20 minutes, the average air hole opening rate reaches 57 percent, and the noon break proportion of the air holes reaches the lowest.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A method for reducing the afternoon nap proportion of a mango pore is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting mango trees in the adult period;
2) determining the noon break time of mangoes by observing the opening and closing proportion of air holes of the lower epidermis of the mango leaves at different time periods;
3) in the noon break period of mango stomachs, spraying water to the leaf surfaces for 20 minutes or 30 minutes continuously, and spraying water again after 10 minutes or 20 minutes or 30 minutes; continuously spraying water to the leaf surfaces for 1-6 times;
4) after the water is continuously sprayed, the air holes on the leaves are opened, and the leaves perform photosynthesis.
2. The method for reducing mango stomatal noon break proportion according to claim 1, wherein in the mango stomatal noon break period in step 3), the leaf surface is sprayed with water continuously for 20 minutes and then sprayed again after 20 minutes.
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