CN113603520A

CN113603520A - Vinasse fermentation treatment method, vinasse organic fertilizer and application

Info

Publication number: CN113603520A
Application number: CN202110844072.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 晏晔; 刘安荣; 杨国华; 李静雯; 许译文; 张东亚
Original assignee: GUIZHOU PROVINCIAL LIGHT INDUSTRY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Current assignee: GUIZHOU PROVINCIAL LIGHT INDUSTRY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Priority date: 2021-07-26
Filing date: 2021-07-26
Publication date: 2021-11-05

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vinasse resource utilization, in particular to a vinasse fermentation treatment method, a vinasse organic fertilizer and application, aiming at the technical defects of large acidity and higher alcoholic strength content in vinasse, the vinasse is soaked by water, so that acid, alcohol and the like which are easily dissolved in water are soaked and filtered out, and the vinasse residues containing nutrient components such as cellulose and protein are obtained; and aiming at the defect of high water content after water immersion, the moisture absorbent is mixed into the dregs to realize the adjustment of the water content of the dregs, and the rotten microbial inoculum is inoculated for stacking fermentation after the water content is adjusted to be between 50 and 60 percent. Compared with the traditional method of directly using the vinasse for fermentation treatment, the method has the advantages of shortening the fermentation period, reducing the fermentation cost, improving the rotten quality, along with simple treatment mode and easy popularization and implementation.

Description

Vinasse fermentation treatment method, vinasse organic fertilizer and application

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vinasse resource utilization, in particular to a vinasse fermentation treatment method, a vinasse organic fertilizer and application.

Background

The vinasse is residual solid produced by the wine industry, has complex components and is rich in various substances for promoting plant growth, such as crude protein, crude starch, crude fat, crude fiber, amino acid, various vitamins, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and the like, so the vinasse is widely applied to the field of organic fertilizer manufacture, and the technology for producing the organic fertilizer by vinasse fermentation is researched in a large quantity.

For example: wanghheyu, Jiangfeng, Huxu and the like, in the 'influence of the compound microbial inoculum on the high-temperature aerobic composting of the white spirit waste lees', brewing science and technology, 2015,1:19-22, the compound microbial inoculum with high-efficiency cellulose degradation capability and ammoniation is inoculated into the compost taking the white spirit waste lees as the main raw material, the influence of the compound microbial inoculum on the high-temperature aerobic composting of the white spirit waste lees is researched by measuring various fermentation parameters and component changes in the stacking fermentation process, and the result shows that: the inoculation pile body enters a high-temperature period in advance of the contrast, and the duration of the high-temperature period is longer than that of the contrast. After composting, the total nitrogen loss rate of the inoculated bacteria pile is lower than that of a control group, the contents of nitrate radical, organic nitrogen and total nitrogen are all greatly higher than that of the control group, and the cellulose degradation rate and the germination index are all higher than those of the control group.

For another example: the method for preparing the special vinasse bio-organic fertilizer for the anti-mosaic-disease flue-cured tobacco by using the Luzhou Maotai-flavor vinasse with the patent number of CN201710690406.0 realizes that a mosaic-disease preventing microbial agent is added into an organic fertilizer prepared by using the vinasse as a raw material, so that the Luzhou local fresh Maotai-flavor vinasse is used, and after full decomposition fermentation, the tobacco mosaic-disease preventing microbial agent is added to prepare the organic fertilizer, thereby effectively preventing and treating the mosaic disease of the flue-cured tobacco, improving the yield and quality of the tobacco, and being convenient for providing related fertilizer technical support for producing high-quality tobacco.

For another example: the method for fermenting the vinasse with the patent application number of 201910934252.4 is characterized in that vinasse, olive leaves, a fungus-algae compound agent and a microorganism compound microbial inoculum are prepared according to the weight ratio and are fermented for 30-40d, and the fermentation time is 1 time per 3d, so that the problems of complicated procedures, long fermentation time, insufficient fermentation, easy odor generation after fermentation and the like of the conventional vinasse fermentation treatment are solved.

However, when the vinasse is used as an organic fertilizer raw material, the vinasse needs to be thoroughly decomposed, otherwise, when the prepared organic fertilizer is applied to crop planting, most of nutrient components of the organic fertilizer cannot be directly absorbed by crops, and even after the organic fertilizer is applied, secondary decomposition occurs, so that the germination rate of the crops is low. However, the water content in the vinasse is as high as 65%, the acidity is high (pH is less than 4), and the alcoholic strength is high (6-10%), so that the strain is difficult to adapt to the vinasse fermentation environment, the fermentation starting speed is slow, the fermentation period is long, the vinasse is difficult to decompose quickly and efficiently, and the cost for preparing the organic fertilizer by taking the vinasse as the raw material is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a vinasse fermentation treatment method, in particular to a fermentation treatment method for utilizing vinasse in the fields of organic fertilizers, seedling culture substrates and the like.

The method specifically aims at the technical defects of large acidity and higher alcoholic strength content in the vinasse, adopts water-soaked vinasse treatment to ensure that acid, alcohol and the like which are easy to dissolve in water are soaked and filtered out, and the vinasse residue containing nutrient components such as cellulose, protein and the like is obtained; and aiming at the defect of high water content after water immersion, the moisture absorbent is mixed into the dregs to realize the adjustment of the water content of the dregs, and the rotten microbial inoculum is inoculated for stacking fermentation after the water content is adjusted to be between 50 and 60 percent. Compared with the traditional method of directly using the vinasse for fermentation treatment, the method has the advantages of shortening the fermentation period, reducing the fermentation cost, improving the rotten quality, along with simple treatment mode and easy popularization and implementation.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) soaking fresh or piled vinasse in clear water, and filtering to obtain vinasse residues and filtrate;

(2) and (3) adjusting the water content of the dregs to 50-60% by adopting fly ash and/or plant ash as a moisture absorbent, then inoculating, uniformly decomposing, uniformly stirring, stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermentation product.

By adopting the technical means for treatment, a large amount of soluble acid and alcohol components contained in the vinasse can be mixed and dissolved in clear water, so that the alcoholic strength and the acidity of the finally obtained vinasse residue are greatly reduced, the fully decomposing and decomposing of cellulose, crude protein and the like in the vinasse residue by the decomposing microbial inoculum can be more suitable, and the quality of a fermentation product is improved.

However, in the actual research process, the researchers find that the fermentation efficiency of the decomposing inoculant can be improved and the fermentation time can be shortened by soaking the vinasse in water, but the fertilizer efficiency of the obtained fermentation product is not ideal, so that the researchers consider that: part of water-soluble nutrient components are taken away in the water soaking treatment process, so that the filtrate is concentrated and then sprayed into a fermentation product, and the results of the reuse research show that: the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the details are described later.

The invention also aims to provide the vinasse organic fertilizer prepared by the vinasse fermentation treatment method or the fermentation product obtained by fermentation treatment as a vegetable seedling culture medium or applied to the field of preparation of organic fertilizers for vegetable planting.

The fermentation method for treating the organic fertilizer has simple process steps, can fully avoid the defects of long fermentation period and poor quality of fermentation products caused by large acidity and high alcoholic strength, overcomes the defect of influence on fermentation efficiency caused by overhigh water content due to water immersion, and ensures the quality of the organic fertilizer prepared by fermenting the vinasse.

The fermentation treatment in the actual research process is designed according to the fermentation treatment process in the prior art, and the HB decomposing microbial inoculum adopted in the fermentation process is an HB decomposing microbial inoculum, such as HB decomposing organic fertilizer.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.

Example 1

The method comprises the following steps of (1) taking fresh sorghum vinasse of a certain winery of kernel in Zunyi city in Guizhou province, detecting the water content, the acidity and the alcoholic strength, and obtaining the results as shown in the following table 1:

TABLE 1

Placing the obtained distiller's grains in a soaking pool, adding water until the distiller's grains are submerged by 1cm of water, soaking for 3d in natural environment, and filtering to obtain filter residue and filtrate; the filtrate is left in the soaking pool, the filter residue, namely the dregs, the water content, the acidity and the alcoholic strength in the dregs are measured, and the results are shown in the table 2:

TABLE 2

Mixing a proper amount (7kg) of plant ash into the dregs to reduce the water content of the dregs to 50-60% to obtain a mixture; inoculating HB decomposing inoculant in an inoculation amount of 0.05% by mass of the mixture, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting, and recording the fermentation time, wherein the results are shown in Table 3;

in the stacking fermentation temperature rise stage, when the temperature in the stack is higher than 60 ℃, turning the stack, adjusting the water content to 50-60% after the stack is turned, continuing stacking fermentation until the temperature in the stack is not raised any more, namely, turning to the fermentation temperature drop stage, in the fermentation temperature drop stage, turning the stack once every 7d until the water content is reduced to 25%, stopping fermentation to obtain a fermentation product, detecting the fermentation product, wherein the result is shown in table 3:

TABLE 3

Comparative example

Directly mixing the fresh vinasse with plant ash by using the fresh vinasse obtained in the embodiment 1, adjusting the water content of the vinasse to be maintained between 50 and 60 percent to obtain a mixture, fermenting according to the fermentation treatment method in the embodiment 1 until the water content of a fermented product is reduced to 25 percent, and stopping fermentation to obtain a fermented product.

According to the indexes of the detection items of the example 1, statistics of indexes of relevant periods of fermentation products and preparation processes of the fermentation products are detected, and the results are shown in the following table 4:

TABLE 4

As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, the treatment of the vinasse by soaking in water can cause the reduction of the organic matter content in the fermentation product, but the fermentation period is greatly shortened, the fermentation and decomposition efficiency of the vinasse is greatly improved, and the fermentation and decomposition time is shortened.

And (3) testing:

using the product obtained by the fermentation treatment as a seedling culture medium, tomato (Jinchan No. 11) and pepper (Zunjiao No. 1) seedling culture tests were carried out.

1. Process for growing seedlings

1.1 tomato seedling growing method

Adopting seedling raising pots with the specification of 40cm multiplied by 20cm multiplied by 3cm, filling the seedling raising pots with a substrate, uniformly putting 50 tomato seeds into each seedling raising tray, placing the seedling raising trays in a seedling raising shed with the temperature of 20-28 ℃ and the humidity of 60-70%, performing seedling raising treatment, counting 45 pots in total, transplanting when 1 true leaf grows out from a seedling, counting the number of tomato seedlings, measuring the height of the seedling, and recording the seedling emergence period.

1.2 Pepper seedling growing method

Processing according to a tomato seedling raising mode, counting the number of pepper seedlings when 3 leaves grow out of the seedlings, measuring the height of the seedlings, and recording the seedling emergence period.

1.3 matrices

Test group 1 the fermentation product obtained by the fermentation of the above example was used as a substrate.

Test group 2 the filtrate obtained from the treatment of soaking lees in the above examples was concentrated to one fifth, sprayed on the fermentation product, and mixed uniformly as a substrate.

The control group used the fermentation product obtained by the fermentation of the above control example as a substrate.

2. Seedling height measuring method

Randomly drawing 15 plants in each seedling raising tray, measuring the height of the upper part of the substrate, and taking an average value M; three persons respectively randomly draw and measure, and respectively count as M₁、M₂、M₃Then, taking an average value P; p obtained by measuring 45 basins₁To P₉₀And taking an average value, recording as N, and obtaining the seedling height.

3. Results

The statistics and measurement results are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5

Remarking:

(seedling number/seed number) × 100%

Secondly, in the test, the pepper seeds and the tomato seeds are treated in other modes, the seeds purchased from the market are directly scattered into corresponding seedling pots, the germination rate marked on a tomato seed packaging bag is 98%, and the germination rate marked on a pepper seed packaging bag is 99%.

Through experimental research, the method is found that after water immersion of vinasse, filtration and filtration residues are added with plant ash to adjust the water content, HB decomposing microbial inoculums are inoculated for stacking fermentation, and the obtained fermentation product is beneficial to improving the germination rate of vegetable seeds, promoting the growth of tomato and pepper seedlings, shortening the seedling culture period and reducing the seedling culture cost.

In summary, the invention develops the comprehensive utilization technology research of the vinasse resources by combining the continuous efforts of researchers and the practical industrialized production practice so as to achieve the purposes of reducing the vinasse stacking quantity and the vinasse treatment cost, and finds that: the traditional technology is that fresh vinasse or vinasse after being stockpiled are directly used as raw materials, decomposed microbial inoculum or other additive components are added, and the raw materials are directly fermented, so that the fermentation period is long, usually, the fermentation period is up to one half month or even two months, the digestion rate of the vinasse for producing organic fertilizer by fermentation is slow, the production cost of the organic fertilizer is high, and the vinasse is obviously not suitable for the rapid development of the Guizhou white spirit industry, but the reasons for the phenomenon are mainly concentrated: the acidity and the alcoholic strength of the fresh vinasse or the vinasse after being stacked are high, so that the adaptability of inoculated common strains is poor when the vinasse is fermented and decomposed, the rate of fermenting and decomposing the stack is reduced, the quality of products after fermenting and decomposing is poor, and the traditional seedling culture requirements are difficult to meet.

In the process of experimental research, the depth of the water immersed in the vinasse is to ensure that a large amount of vinasse is immersed in the water, so that the defect of poor vinasse immersion treatment effect caused by incomplete water immersion is avoided, and meanwhile, in order to reduce water resource consumption, the depth of the water immersed in the vinasse is controlled to be proper between 0.5 cm and 1cm during immersion. In some more excellent embodiments, the combination of standing and stirring soaking is adopted for soaking, namely the vinasse is stirred after being soaked for a certain time, so that the soaking treatment effect can be improved, the acidity and the alcoholic strength of the vinasse are reduced, and the fermentation and decomposition efficiency is improved.

In the invention, the moisture absorbent is adopted for adjusting the water content in the dregs after water soaking and filtering so as to meet the moisture requirement during initial temperature rise of fermentation and decomposition, therefore, the moisture absorbent is selected from but not limited to fly ash, slag ash and the like in the research process, and meanwhile, in order to avoid high heavy metal content in the prepared fermentation product, the moisture absorbent is used according to the plant ash adopted in the experimental operation process of the researchers in the actual excellent operation.

The invention creates a fermentation product obtained by fermentation treatment, which can be directly used as an organic fertilizer for crop fertilization, and can also be added with other components according to the prior art to prepare the organic fertilizer, such as: according to a preparation method for preparing the special organic fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco by adopting oil cake, cow dung and vinasse in the patent No. CN 107365199B.

The invention refers to the detection mode disclosed in the prior art to detect the fermentation product, and the reference standards are as follows: NY884-2012, and the like.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vinasse fermentation treatment method is characterized in that vinasse is soaked in water and filtered to obtain filtrate and vinasse residues; mixing the residue with moisture absorbent, and adjusting water content to 50-60% to obtain mixture; inoculating a decomposing microbial inoculum to the mixture, uniformly stirring, stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermentation product; the moisture absorbent is fly ash and/or plant ash.

2. The fermentation treatment method of the distiller's grains according to claim 1, wherein the filtrate is concentrated to one fourth, sprayed in the fermentation product and mixed uniformly.

3. The fermentation treatment method of the vinasse according to claim 1, wherein the inoculation amount of the decomposing inoculant accounts for 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the mixture.

4. The fermentation treatment method of the distiller's grains according to claim 1, wherein the water immersion is to immerse the distiller's grains with clear water, and the depth of the clear water immersed in the distiller's grains is 0.5-1 cm.

5. The fermentation treatment method of the distiller's grains according to claim 1, wherein the stacking fermentation comprises a temperature-rising fermentation stage and a temperature-lowering fermentation stage; and the water content is adjusted to be maintained at 50-60% by turning in the temperature rising fermentation stage, and the water content is controlled to be reduced to be less than or equal to 25% by turning in the temperature reducing fermentation stage.

6. The fermentation treatment method of the distiller's grains according to claim 5, wherein the temperature-rising fermentation stage is that after the stacking is completed, the fermentation is naturally performed, the stack is turned over when the temperature in the stack is higher than 60 ℃ until the temperature in the stack does not rise any more, the temperature-rising fermentation stage is finished, and the water content of the materials in the stack is adjusted to 50-60% in the stack turning process; and in the cooling fermentation stage, after the heating fermentation stage is finished, natural fermentation is carried out, the temperature in the stack begins to drop, and the stack is turned once every 7 days until the water content of the materials in the stack is less than or equal to 25%.

7. A distiller's grains organic fertilizer obtained by fermentation according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. Use of the fermentation product obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 as a substrate for vegetable breeding or in the preparation of organic fertilizers for vegetable planting.