CN113600627A - Environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method for stainless steel bolt - Google Patents
Environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method for stainless steel bolt Download PDFInfo
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- CN113600627A CN113600627A CN202110938142.2A CN202110938142A CN113600627A CN 113600627 A CN113600627 A CN 113600627A CN 202110938142 A CN202110938142 A CN 202110938142A CN 113600627 A CN113600627 A CN 113600627A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical group C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XBZYWSMVVKYHQN-MYPRUECHSA-N (4as,6as,6br,8ar,9r,10s,12ar,12br,14bs)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-9-[(sulfooxy)methyl]-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@H](O)[C@@](C)(COS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@]5(C(O)=O)CCC(C)(C)C[C@H]5C4=CC[C@@H]3[C@]21C XBZYWSMVVKYHQN-MYPRUECHSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F5/00—Upsetting wire or pressing operations affecting the wire cross-section
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H3/00—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape
- B21H3/02—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape external screw-threads ; Making dies for thread rolling
- B21H3/06—Making by means of profiled members other than rolls, e.g. reciprocating flat dies or jaws, moved longitudinally or curvilinearly with respect to each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/08—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for polishing surfaces, e.g. smoothing a surface by making use of liquid-borne abrasives
- B24C1/086—Descaling; Removing coating films
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/36—Phosphatising
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
An environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method of a stainless steel bolt comprises the following steps: sending the wire rod into a well type furnace, and eliminating tertiary cementite generated at the grain boundary of the wire rod by annealing; straightening and polishing the cooled wire rod to remove the oxide skin of the wire rod; removing oxide skin dust on the surface of the wire rod; carrying out electrolytic phosphating on the wire in a phosphating tank to generate a phosphating film with the thickness of 10-30 microns on the surface of the wire; the wire rods are subjected to triterpenization treatment in the saponification tank, the phosphating film surface of the wire rods is covered with a layer of triterpenoid powder, and the thickness of the triterpenoid powder layer is 5-10 mu m; drying the wire; the wire rod enters a wire drawing machine for wire drawing; cutting a bolt blank wire to obtain a bolt blank, and processing the bolt blank in a cold heading die; and feeding the bolt thread blank into a thread rolling plate for thread rolling. The invention has the advantages that: the production temperature of the bolt is reduced, the forming of the bolt is realized through cold heading, the energy consumption is effectively reduced, the production method is green and environment-friendly, and the yield is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bolt manufacturing, in particular to an environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method of a stainless steel bolt.
Background
Martensite stainless steel 40Cr is mostly used for high-temperature-resistant fasteners of commercial vehicles10Si2Mo material is manufactured, because the material is very difficult to form, the material is formed by adopting a heating forming mode at home and abroad, a large amount of energy is wasted, adverse effects are generated on the environment, the cracking proportion of a product is large, the generated yield is less than 70%, the production efficiency is low, turning processing is carried out after hot forming, and the utilization rate of the material is low.
The traditional Chinese patent application with the application number of CN201510705826.2 and the name of a martensitic stainless steel horizontal forging forming method discloses a martensitic stainless steel horizontal forging forming forging method, wherein a maraging stainless steel bar is heated in a narrow temperature range of 950-1000 ℃, is integrally heated and kept warm for a period of time, and is subjected to two-end hot upsetting rough forging on a horizontal forging machine. The forging method can ensure that the upsetting portion is easy to deform and has small damage to the die, and can ensure that the structure performance of the non-deformation portion is not reduced. The material bolt can replace a conventional structural steel bolt forging, and the strength, the thermal stability and the corrosion resistance of the airplane connecting part are improved. However, the method still has high forming temperature and high energy consumption, and is not suitable for mass production, so the method needs further improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method of a stainless steel bolt, which has low energy consumption, high yield and good bolt forming effect, aiming at the current situation of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method of the stainless steel bolt is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, 40Cr to be used as a molding raw material10Si2Feeding the Mo wire into a well type furnace, heating the temperature in the well type furnace to 720-800 ℃ for 2-4 hours, and preserving the temperature for 5-7 hours;
secondly, cooling the temperature in the furnace to 460-540 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1-3 hours to refine the carbide of the wire rod into a ball shape;
thirdly, raising the temperature in the furnace to 680-760 ℃ again and preserving the temperature for 5-7 hours;
taking the insulated wire rod out of the well type furnace immediately to air for cooling, thereby eliminating tertiary cementite generated at the grain boundary of the wire rod in the step two;
fifthly, straightening the cooled wire rod and polishing the surface of the wire rod so as to remove the oxide skin of the wire rod;
sixthly, removing oxide skin dust on the surface of the polished wire rod;
seventhly, carrying out electrolytic phosphating on the treated wire in a phosphating tank to generate a phosphating film with the thickness of 10-30 microns on the surface of the wire;
the treated wires are subjected to triterpenization treatment in the saponification tank, the phosphating film surfaces of the wires are covered with a layer of triterpenization powder, and the thickness of the triterpenization powder layer is 5-10 mu m;
ninth, drying the treated wire;
ten, the dried wire rod enters a wire drawing machine for wire drawing to prepare a bolt blank wire rod with a set diameter;
cutting a bolt blank wire to obtain a bolt blank, and processing the bolt blank in a cold heading die to obtain a bolt wire blank to be threaded;
and step twelve, feeding the bolt thread blank into a thread rolling plate for thread rolling, and removing thread residues on the surface of the bolt after thread rolling to finish the manufacture of the required stainless steel bolt.
In the eleventh step, the bolt blank is processed in a cold heading die to obtain the required stainless steel bolt by the specific steps of,
A. placing the bolt blank into a first forming die for cold heading to obtain a machining head of the bolt blank;
B. placing the processed bolt blank in a second forming die for cold heading, so that a dome is headed on the processing head;
C. placing the processed bolt blank in a third forming die for cold heading, so as to obtain a hexagonal surface on the processing head;
D. placing the processed bolt blank in a fourth forming die for cold heading, thus finely heading the hexagonal surface of the processing head and preparing a flange surface;
E. and placing the processed bolt blank into a fifth forming die for cold heading, so that the diameter of the bottom rod body of the bolt blank meets the set size requirement.
As a modification, in step five, the specific step of surface polishing may be preferably,
A. sending the straightened wire rod into a first sand polishing machine for rough polishing, and removing an oxide skin of annealing of the wire rod;
B. and sending the wire rod coming out of the first polishing machine into a second polishing machine for fine polishing to remove the oxide skin remained on the surface of the wire rod.
As an improvement, in the sixth step, a specific step of removing scale dust on the polished surface of the wire rod may preferably be that the wire rod is sent into an ultrasonic cleaning tank to be subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, and the scale dust remaining on the surface of the wire rod after the finish polishing is removed.
As a modification, in step nine, the wire rod may be preferably dried by a dryer.
As a modification, in step five, the wire rod may preferably be straightened by a straightener.
As a modification, in the first step, the temperature in the shaft furnace may preferably be raised to 760 ℃ over 3 hours and maintained for 6 hours.
As a modification, in the second step, the temperature in the furnace may preferably be cooled to 500 ℃ and kept for 2 hours.
Further, in the third step, it is preferable that the temperature in the furnace is raised to 720 ℃ again and kept for 6 hours.
In a further improvement, in step three, the time for raising the temperature in the furnace from 500 ℃ to 720 ℃ may preferably be 2 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that,the invention has the advantages that: the wire rod is annealed in a well type furnace through temperature control, so that the brittleness problem of the wire rod before forming is solved, the three-time cementite structure in the wire rod is eliminated, the hardness of the wire rod can be controlled below HRB92, the wire rod can be kept not to crack when a die is pressed down to 2/3 height during cold heading, and the raw material has the condition of cold heading forming; the wire rods are drawn to a set diameter after annealing, the traditional acidic phosphating solution is not needed to perform phosphating treatment in the wire drawing process, no wastewater and no waste acid are generated, the wire drawing process is green and environment-friendly, the production efficiency is very high, and the lubricating thickness of the leather membrane is controlled to be 10-30 mu m, so that cold heading processing and forming are facilitated; the forming processing of the bolt blank is realized through the sequential processing of five forming parts, thereby being capable of processing 40Cr10Si2The bolt blank body made of the Mo material can be used for preparing a bolt wire blank meeting the molding requirement, has good molding effect and high yield, and is suitable for mass production of 40Cr10Si2And (5) forming and processing the Mo material bolt blank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating temperature variations in steps one through four according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the wire drawing process of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first forming die used for a bolt blank made of the wire drawn in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a second molding die used for the bolt blank of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a third forming die used for the bolt blank of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a fourth forming die used for the bolt blank of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a fifth forming die used for the bolt blank of FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is a structural view of the processed bolt blank of FIG. 3;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the bolt blank of FIG. 4 after further processing;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the bolt blank of FIG. 5 after further processing;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the bolt blank of FIG. 6 after further processing;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the bolt blank further processed in fig. 7.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 12, the method for forming stainless steel bolts of this embodiment includes the following steps:
firstly, 40Cr to be used as a molding raw material10Si2Feeding the Mo wire into a well type furnace, heating the temperature in the well type furnace to 760 ℃ within 3 hours, and preserving the temperature for 6 hours;
secondly, cooling the temperature in the furnace to 500 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 2 hours to refine the carbide of the wire rod into a ball shape;
thirdly, raising the temperature in the furnace to 720 ℃ again and preserving the temperature for 6 hours;
taking the insulated wire rod out of the well type furnace immediately to air for cooling, thereby eliminating tertiary cementite generated at the grain boundary of the wire rod in the step two; the curve S1 shown in fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the temperature variation of the above four steps.
Fifthly, straightening the cooled wire rod and polishing the surface of the wire rod so as to remove the oxide skin of the wire rod;
sixthly, removing oxide skin dust on the surface of the polished wire rod;
seventhly, carrying out electrolytic phosphating on the treated wire in a phosphating tank 75 to generate a phosphating film with the thickness of 10-30 microns on the surface of the wire;
eighthly, the treated wires are subjected to triterpenization treatment in a saponification tank 76, the phosphating film surfaces of the wires are covered with a layer of triterpenization powder, and the thickness of the triterpenization powder layer is 5-10 mu m;
ninth, drying the treated wire;
the dried wire rod enters a wire drawing machine 78 for wire drawing to prepare a bolt blank wire rod with the set diameter;
cutting a bolt blank wire to obtain a bolt blank 6, and processing the bolt blank 6 in a cold heading die to obtain a bolt wire blank to be threaded;
and step twelve, feeding the bolt thread blank into a thread rolling plate for thread rolling, and removing thread residues on the surface of the bolt after thread rolling to finish the manufacture of the required stainless steel bolt.
In the eleventh step, the bolt blank 6 is processed in a cold heading die to obtain the required stainless steel bolt by the specific steps of,
A. a processing head 61 for producing a bolt blank 6 by placing the bolt blank 6 in the first forming die 1 and cold heading;
B. placing the processed bolt blank 6 in the second molding die 2 for cold heading, thereby heading a dome on the processing head 61;
C. placing the processed bolt blank 6 in a third forming die 3 for cold heading, thereby obtaining a hexagonal surface on the processing head 61;
D. placing the processed bolt blank 6 in a fourth forming die 4 for cold heading, thereby finely heading the hexagonal surface of the processing head 61 and preparing a flange surface;
E. and placing the processed bolt blank 6 in a fifth forming die 5 for cold heading, so that the diameter of the bottom rod body of the bolt blank 6 meets the set size requirement.
In the fifth step, the surface polishing is carried out by,
A. sending the straightened wire rod into a first sand polishing machine 72 for rough polishing, and removing the annealed oxide skin of the wire rod;
B. the wire rod coming out of the first polishing machine 72 is sent to a second polishing machine 73 for fine polishing to remove scale remaining on the surface of the wire rod.
In the sixth step, the specific step of removing the oxide skin dust on the polished wire rod surface is to send the wire rod into the ultrasonic cleaning tank 74 for ultrasonic cleaning, and remove the oxide skin dust remaining on the wire rod surface after the finish polishing. In the ninth step, the wire rod is dried by a dryer 77. In step five, the wire is straightened by the straightener 71. The specific structures of the pit furnace, the dryer, the first polishing machine 72, the second polishing machine 73, the wire drawing machine and the straightener 71 and the specific operation flow of ultrasonic cleaning all belong to the prior art, so detailed description is not needed.
The cold heading die adopted by the invention comprises a first forming die 1 which can be used for heading a processing head 61 on the top of a bolt blank 6, a second forming die 2 which can be used for heading a dome on the processing head 61, a third forming die 3 which can be used for making a hexagonal surface on the processing head 61, a fourth forming die 4 which can be used for finely heading the hexagonal surface of the processing head 61 and making a processing head flange 62, and a fifth forming die 5 which can be used for heading a rod body 63 meeting the set diameter requirement on the bottom of the bolt blank 6.
The first forming die 1 comprises a first upper die 11 and a first lower die 12, the first upper die 11 is connected with a first upper die driving mechanism and can move up and down relative to the first lower die 12, a pressing rod 13 is arranged at the bottom of the first upper die 11, the bottom end of the pressing rod 13 extends out of the bottom surface of the first upper die 11, a first forming cavity capable of containing the bolt blank 6 is arranged at the top of the first lower die 12, the first forming cavity comprises a first upper cavity 14 capable of forming a processing head 61 and a first lower cavity 15 capable of forming a rod body at the bottom of the bolt, the diameter of the first upper cavity 14 is larger than that of the first lower cavity 15, and a chamfer capable of withdrawing the bolt blank 6 is arranged at the joint of the first upper cavity 14 and the first lower cavity 15.
The second forming die 2 comprises a second upper die 21 and a second lower die 22, the second upper die 21 is connected with a second upper die driving mechanism and can move up and down relative to the second lower die 22, a concave part 23 capable of forming a dome on the top of the processing head 61 is arranged at the bottom of the second upper die 21, a second forming cavity capable of containing the bolt blank 6 is arranged at the top of the second lower die 22, the second forming cavity comprises a second upper cavity 24 capable of forming a bottom cambered surface of the processing head 61 and a second lower cavity 25 capable of forming a lower rod body of the bolt, and the diameter of the second upper cavity 24 is larger than that of the second lower cavity 25. A forming part 26 is arranged in the second lower cavity 25, the top surface of the forming part 26 is an annular arc surface which can be matched with the bottom arc surface of the processing head 61, a limiting sleeve 27 is covered on the top of the forming part 26, and the processing head 61 can be detachably sleeved in a middle through hole of the limiting sleeve 27.
The third forming die 3 includes a third upper die 31 and a third lower die 32, the third upper die 31 is connected to a third upper die driving mechanism and can move up and down relative to the third lower die 32, a hexagonal forming recess 33 is formed in the bottom of the third upper die 31 at the side of the processing head 61, and a third forming cavity 34 capable of accommodating the lower rod of the bolt blank 6 is formed in the top of the third lower die 32. A stop collar 35 is fitted into the forming recess 33, and when the third upper die 31 is mated with the third lower die 32, the processing head 61 is located in a central inner cavity of the stop collar 35.
The fourth forming die 4 includes a fourth upper die 41 and a fourth lower die 42, the fourth upper die 41 is connected to a fourth upper die driving mechanism and can move up and down relative to the fourth lower die 42, a fourth upper die cavity 43 is disposed at the bottom of the fourth upper die 41, the fourth upper die cavity can be used for precisely upsetting the side of the processing head 61 to form a hexagonal shape, so that the hexagonal shape of the processing head 61 meets the hexagonal size requirement, and a fourth forming cavity 44 is disposed at the top of the fourth lower die 42, and the fourth forming cavity can accommodate the lower rod body of the bolt blank 6. A molding collar 45 surrounds the fourth upper cavity 43 and the fourth molding cavity 44, and when the fourth upper cavity 43 and the fourth lower cavity 44 are aligned, a molding gap for molding the processing head flange 62 is left between the bottom surface of the fourth upper cavity 41 and the top surface of the fourth lower cavity 42. A buffer sleeve 46 is arranged in each of the fourth upper die cavity 43 and the fourth forming cavity 44, an upper forming collar is sleeved in an inner cavity of the upper buffer sleeve, and a lower forming collar is sleeved in an inner cavity of the lower buffer sleeve.
The fifth forming die 5 comprises a fifth upper die 51 and a fifth lower die 52, the fifth upper die 51 is connected with a fifth upper die driving mechanism and can move up and down relative to the fifth lower die 52, an upper die concave part 53 capable of accommodating the processing head 61 is arranged at the bottom of the fifth upper die 51, a fifth forming cavity capable of accommodating a bolt rod body is arranged at the top of the fifth lower die 52, the fifth forming cavity comprises a fifth upper cavity 54 capable of forming an upper bolt rod body and a fifth lower cavity 55 capable of forming a lower bolt rod body, the diameter of the fifth upper cavity 54 is larger than that of the fifth lower cavity 55, and a chamfer for withdrawing the bolt is arranged at the joint of the fifth upper cavity 54 and the fifth lower cavity 55. Through sampling investigation, the product yield of the embodiment reaches 99.8%.
The environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method of the stainless steel bolt of the second embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, 40Cr to be used as a molding raw material10Si2Feeding the Mo wire into a well type furnace, heating the temperature in the well type furnace to 800 ℃ for 4 hours, and preserving the temperature for 7 hours;
secondly, cooling the temperature in the furnace to 500 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 3 hours to refine the carbide of the wire rod into a ball shape;
thirdly, raising the temperature in the furnace to 760 ℃ again and preserving the temperature for 6 hours;
taking the insulated wire rod out of the well type furnace immediately to air for cooling, thereby eliminating tertiary cementite generated at the grain boundary of the wire rod in the step two;
fifthly, straightening the cooled wire rod and polishing the surface of the wire rod so as to remove the oxide skin of the wire rod;
sixthly, removing oxide skin dust on the surface of the polished wire rod;
seventhly, carrying out electrolytic phosphating on the treated wire in a phosphating tank 75 to generate a phosphating film with the thickness of 10-30 microns on the surface of the wire;
eighthly, the treated wires are subjected to triterpenization treatment in a saponification tank 76, the phosphating film surfaces of the wires are covered with a layer of triterpenization powder, and the thickness of the triterpenization powder layer is 5-10 mu m;
ninth, drying the treated wire;
the dried wire rod enters a wire drawing machine 78 for wire drawing to prepare a bolt blank wire rod with the set diameter;
cutting a bolt blank wire to obtain a bolt blank 6, and processing the bolt blank 6 in a cold heading die to obtain a bolt wire blank to be threaded;
and step twelve, feeding the bolt thread blank into a thread rolling plate for thread rolling, and removing thread residues on the surface of the bolt after thread rolling to finish the manufacture of the required stainless steel bolt.
In the eleventh step, the bolt blank 6 is processed in a cold heading die to obtain the required stainless steel bolt by the specific steps of,
A. a processing head 61 for producing a bolt blank 6 by placing the bolt blank 6 in the first forming die 1 and cold heading;
B. placing the processed bolt blank 6 in the second molding die 2 for cold heading, thereby heading a dome on the processing head 61;
C. placing the processed bolt blank 6 in a third forming die 3 for cold heading, thereby obtaining a hexagonal surface on the processing head 61;
D. placing the processed bolt blank 6 in a fourth forming die 4 for cold heading, thereby finely heading the hexagonal surface of the processing head 61 and preparing a flange surface;
E. and placing the processed bolt blank 6 in a fifth forming die 5 for cold heading, so that the diameter of the bottom rod body of the bolt blank 6 meets the set size requirement.
In the fifth step, the surface polishing is carried out by,
A. sending the straightened wire rod into a first sand polishing machine 72 for rough polishing, and removing the annealed oxide skin of the wire rod;
B. the wire rod coming out of the first polishing machine 72 is sent to a second polishing machine 73 for fine polishing to remove scale remaining on the surface of the wire rod.
In the sixth step, the specific step of removing the oxide skin dust on the polished wire rod surface is to send the wire rod into the ultrasonic cleaning tank 74 to perform ultrasonic cleaning, and remove the oxide skin dust remaining on the wire rod surface after the finish polishing. In the ninth step, the wire rod is dried by a dryer 77. In step five, the wire is straightened by the straightener 71. Through sampling investigation, the product yield of the embodiment reaches 99.8%.
The environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method of the stainless steel bolt of the third embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, 40Cr to be used as a molding raw material10Si2Feeding the Mo wire into a well type furnace, raising the temperature in the well type furnace to 780 ℃ after 2.5 hours, and preserving the temperature for 6 hours;
secondly, cooling the temperature in the furnace to 520 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 2 hours to refine the carbide of the wire rod into a ball shape;
thirdly, raising the temperature in the furnace to 700 ℃ again and preserving the temperature for 5 hours;
taking the insulated wire rod out of the well type furnace immediately to air for cooling, thereby eliminating tertiary cementite generated at the grain boundary of the wire rod in the step two;
fifthly, straightening the cooled wire rod and polishing the surface of the wire rod so as to remove the oxide skin of the wire rod;
sixthly, removing oxide skin dust on the surface of the polished wire rod;
seventhly, carrying out electrolytic phosphating on the treated wire in a phosphating tank 75 to generate a phosphating film with the thickness of 10-30 microns on the surface of the wire;
eighthly, the treated wires are subjected to triterpenization treatment in a saponification tank 76, the phosphating film surfaces of the wires are covered with a layer of triterpenization powder, and the thickness of the triterpenization powder layer is 5-10 mu m;
ninth, drying the treated wire;
the dried wire rod enters a wire drawing machine 78 for wire drawing to prepare a bolt blank wire rod with the set diameter;
cutting a bolt blank wire to obtain a bolt blank 6, and processing the bolt blank 6 in a cold heading die to obtain a bolt wire blank to be threaded;
and step twelve, feeding the bolt thread blank into a thread rolling plate for thread rolling, and removing thread residues on the surface of the bolt after thread rolling to finish the manufacture of the required stainless steel bolt.
In the eleventh step, the bolt blank 6 is processed in a cold heading die to obtain the required stainless steel bolt by the specific steps of,
A. a processing head 61 for producing a bolt blank 6 by placing the bolt blank 6 in the first forming die 1 and cold heading;
B. placing the processed bolt blank 6 in the second molding die 2 for cold heading, thereby heading a dome on the processing head 61;
C. placing the processed bolt blank 6 in a third forming die 3 for cold heading, thereby obtaining a hexagonal surface on the processing head 61;
D. placing the processed bolt blank 6 in a fourth forming die 4 for cold heading, thereby finely heading the hexagonal surface of the processing head 61 and preparing a flange surface;
E. and placing the processed bolt blank 6 in a fifth forming die 5 for cold heading, so that the diameter of the bottom rod body of the bolt blank 6 meets the set size requirement.
In the fifth step, the surface polishing is carried out by,
A. sending the straightened wire rod into a first sand polishing machine 72 for rough polishing, and removing the annealed oxide skin of the wire rod;
B. the wire rod coming out of the first polishing machine 72 is sent to a second polishing machine 73 for fine polishing to remove scale remaining on the surface of the wire rod.
In the sixth step, the specific step of removing the oxide skin dust on the polished wire rod surface is to send the wire rod into the ultrasonic cleaning tank 74 for ultrasonic cleaning, and remove the oxide skin dust remaining on the wire rod surface after the finish polishing. In the ninth step, the wire rod is dried by a dryer 77. In step five, the wire is straightened by the straightener 71. Through sampling investigation, the product yield of the embodiment reaches 99.7%.
The environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method of the stainless steel bolt of the fourth embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, 40Cr to be used as a molding raw material10Si2Feeding the Mo wire into a well type furnace, heating the temperature in the well type furnace to 720 ℃ after 2 hours, and preserving the temperature for 5 hours;
secondly, cooling the temperature in the furnace to 480 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 1 hour to refine the carbide of the wire rod into a ball shape;
thirdly, raising the temperature in the furnace to 680 ℃ again and preserving the temperature for 5 hours;
taking the insulated wire rod out of the well type furnace immediately to air for cooling, thereby eliminating tertiary cementite generated at the grain boundary of the wire rod in the step two;
fifthly, straightening the cooled wire rod and polishing the surface of the wire rod so as to remove the oxide skin of the wire rod;
sixthly, removing oxide skin dust on the surface of the polished wire rod;
seventhly, carrying out electrolytic phosphating on the treated wire in a phosphating tank 75 to generate a phosphating film with the thickness of 10-30 microns on the surface of the wire;
eighthly, the treated wires are subjected to triterpenization treatment in a saponification tank 76, the phosphating film surfaces of the wires are covered with a layer of triterpenization powder, and the thickness of the triterpenization powder layer is 5-10 mu m;
ninth, drying the treated wire;
the dried wire rod enters a wire drawing machine 78 for wire drawing to prepare a bolt blank wire rod with the set diameter;
cutting a bolt blank wire to obtain a bolt blank, and processing the bolt blank in a cold heading die to obtain a bolt wire blank to be threaded;
and step twelve, feeding the bolt thread blank into a thread rolling plate for thread rolling, and removing thread residues on the surface of the bolt after thread rolling to finish the manufacture of the required stainless steel bolt.
In the eleventh step, the bolt blank is processed in a cold heading die to obtain the required stainless steel bolt by the specific steps of,
A. placing the bolt blank into a first forming die for cold heading to obtain a machining head of the bolt blank;
B. placing the processed bolt blank in a second forming die for cold heading, so that a dome is headed on the processing head;
C. placing the processed bolt blank in a third forming die for cold heading, so as to obtain a hexagonal surface on the processing head;
D. placing the processed bolt blank in a fourth forming die for cold heading, thus finely heading the hexagonal surface of the processing head and preparing a flange surface;
E. and placing the processed bolt blank into a fifth forming die for cold heading, so that the diameter of the bottom rod body of the bolt blank meets the set size requirement.
In the fifth step, the surface polishing is carried out by,
A. sending the straightened wire rod into a first sand polishing machine 72 for rough polishing, and removing the annealed oxide skin of the wire rod;
B. the wire rod coming out of the first polishing machine 72 is sent to a second polishing machine 73 for fine polishing to remove scale remaining on the surface of the wire rod.
In the sixth step, the specific step of removing the oxide skin dust on the polished wire rod surface is to send the wire rod into the ultrasonic cleaning tank 74 for ultrasonic cleaning, and remove the oxide skin dust remaining on the wire rod surface after the finish polishing. In the ninth step, the wire rod is dried by a dryer 77. In step five, the wire is straightened by the straightener 71. In this embodiment, a sampling investigation is performed to find that the yield of the product is lower than that in the previous embodiment, but can still reach more than 99%.
Claims (10)
1. An environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method of a stainless steel bolt is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, 40Cr to be used as a molding raw material10Si2Feeding the Mo wire into a well type furnace, heating the temperature in the well type furnace to 720-800 ℃ for 2-4 hours, and preserving the temperature for 5-7 hours;
secondly, cooling the temperature in the furnace to 460-540 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1-3 hours to refine the carbide of the wire rod into a ball shape;
thirdly, raising the temperature in the furnace to 680-760 ℃ again and preserving the temperature for 5-7 hours;
taking the insulated wire rod out of the well type furnace immediately to air for cooling, thereby eliminating tertiary cementite generated at the grain boundary of the wire rod in the step two;
fifthly, straightening the cooled wire rod and polishing the surface of the wire rod so as to remove the oxide skin of the wire rod;
sixthly, removing oxide skin dust on the surface of the polished wire rod;
seventhly, carrying out electrolytic phosphating on the treated wire in a phosphating tank (75) to generate a phosphating film with the thickness of 10-30 microns on the surface of the wire;
eighthly, the treated wires are subjected to antidetonation treatment in a saponification tank (76), so that the phosphating film surfaces of the wires are covered with a layer of antidetonation powder, and the thickness of the antidetonation powder layer is 5-10 mu m;
ninth, drying the treated wire;
the dried wire rod enters a wire drawing machine (78) for wire drawing to prepare a bolt blank wire rod with a set diameter;
cutting the bolt blank wire to obtain a bolt blank (6), and processing the bolt blank (6) in a cold heading die to obtain a bolt thread blank to be threaded;
and step twelve, feeding the bolt thread blank into a thread rolling plate for thread rolling, and removing thread residues on the surface of the bolt after thread rolling to finish the manufacture of the required stainless steel bolt.
2. The environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the eleventh step, the bolt blank (6) is processed in a cold heading die to obtain the required stainless steel bolt by the specific steps of,
A. placing the bolt blank (6) into a first forming die (1) for cold heading to obtain a processing head (61) of the bolt blank (6);
B. placing the processed bolt blank (6) in a second forming die (2) for cold heading, so as to heading a dome on the processing head (61);
C. placing the processed bolt blank (6) in a third forming die (3) for cold heading, so as to obtain a hexagonal surface on the processing head (61);
D. placing the processed bolt blank (6) in a fourth forming die (4) for cold heading, thereby finely heading the hexagonal surface of the processing head (61) and preparing a flange surface;
E. and (3) placing the processed bolt blank (6) in a fifth forming die (5) for cold heading, so that the diameter of the bottom rod body of the bolt blank (6) meets the set size requirement.
3. The environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the surface polishing is carried out by,
A. sending the straightened wire rod into a first sand polishing machine (72) for rough polishing, and removing the annealed oxide skin of the wire rod;
B. and sending the wire rod coming out of the first polishing machine (72) into a second polishing machine (73) for fine polishing to remove scale remained on the surface of the wire rod.
4. The environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the sixth step, the specific step of removing the oxide skin dust on the polished surface of the wire rod is that the wire rod is sent into an ultrasonic cleaning tank (74) for ultrasonic cleaning, and the oxide skin dust remained on the surface of the wire rod after the fine polishing is removed.
5. The environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step nine, drying the wire by a dryer (77).
6. The environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step five, the wire is straightened by a straightener (71).
7. The environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the temperature in the shaft furnace is raised to 760 ℃ for 3 hours and kept for 6 hours.
8. The environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: in step two, the temperature in the furnace is cooled to 500 ℃ and kept for 2 hours.
9. The environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the third step, the temperature in the furnace is raised to 720 ℃ again and kept for 6 hours.
10. The environment-friendly and energy-saving forming method according to claim 9, characterized in that: in step three, the time for raising the temperature in the furnace from 500 ℃ to 720 ℃ was 2 hours.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103014551A (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-04-03 | 兴化市新迅达不锈钢标准件有限公司 | Novel high-temperature alloy heat-resistant stainless steel bolt and production process thereof |
| CN104191187A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2014-12-10 | 浙江佑安高科消防系统有限公司 | Energy-saving and high-efficiency processing method for gear shaft of door closer |
| CN109465607A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-15 | 温州市鸿图汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of processing technology of high-strength bolt |
| CN112588846A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-04-02 | 江阴法尔胜泓昇不锈钢制品有限公司 | Production process of alloy steel wire for cold heading |
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2021
- 2021-08-16 CN CN202110938142.2A patent/CN113600627A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103014551A (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-04-03 | 兴化市新迅达不锈钢标准件有限公司 | Novel high-temperature alloy heat-resistant stainless steel bolt and production process thereof |
| CN104191187A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2014-12-10 | 浙江佑安高科消防系统有限公司 | Energy-saving and high-efficiency processing method for gear shaft of door closer |
| CN109465607A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-15 | 温州市鸿图汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of processing technology of high-strength bolt |
| CN112588846A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-04-02 | 江阴法尔胜泓昇不锈钢制品有限公司 | Production process of alloy steel wire for cold heading |
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Application publication date: 20211105 |