CN113595180B - Power battery device - Google Patents
Power battery device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113595180B CN113595180B CN202110807805.7A CN202110807805A CN113595180B CN 113595180 B CN113595180 B CN 113595180B CN 202110807805 A CN202110807805 A CN 202110807805A CN 113595180 B CN113595180 B CN 113595180B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention provides a power battery device including: a BMS module and at least two battery modules connected in parallel; the battery module comprises a battery cluster, a power distribution unit and a unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the positive electrode end of the battery cluster is connected with the input end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through a discharging passage of the power distribution unit, and the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit forms the positive electrode end of the power battery device; the positive end of the battery cluster is also connected with the positive end of the power battery device through a charging passage of the power distribution unit, and the negative end of the battery cluster forms the negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module is respectively connected with two ends of the battery cluster, a discharging passage of the power distribution unit, a charging passage of the power distribution unit and a control end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit. The BMS module can adjust the unidirectional direct current conversion unit according to the monitored operation data of the battery cluster so that the discharge current of each battery module is the same, and the problem of unbalanced current distribution is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of energy storage control, and particularly relates to a power battery device.
Background
After the number of the parallel connection groups of the power battery clusters is too large, the performance parameters of the batteries are not completely the same, so that after the power battery clusters are used for a long time, a large difference value occurs in the internal resistance value, and the electromotive force of the batteries is different. At this time, the battery cluster having a large electromotive force discharges the battery cluster having a small electromotive force. A circulation is formed between the parallel battery clusters. The circulation not only causes loss, but also affects the service life of the power battery.
In the prior art, the charging and discharging control of the power battery generally adopts a mode of connecting diodes in series with a battery cluster to inhibit circulation, but the method is easy to cause unbalanced current distribution.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a power battery device, which aims to solve the technical problem of unbalanced current distribution of the power battery.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a power battery device, including:
a BMS module and at least two battery modules connected in parallel; the BMS module is connected with each battery module; the positive and negative terminals of each battery module form the positive and negative terminals of the power battery device;
the battery module comprises a battery cluster, a power distribution unit and a unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the positive electrode end of the battery cluster is connected with the input end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through a discharging passage of the power distribution unit, and the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit forms the positive electrode end of the power battery device; the positive end of the battery cluster is also connected with the positive end of the power battery device through a charging passage of the power distribution unit, and the negative end of the battery cluster forms the negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module is respectively connected with two ends of the battery cluster, a discharging passage of the power distribution unit, a charging passage of the power distribution unit and a control end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit.
In one possible implementation, the apparatus further includes:
a direct current charging module; the direct current charging module is connected with each battery module in parallel;
the direct current charging module is used for receiving externally input direct current or alternating current, converting the externally input direct current or alternating current, and inputting the converted direct current into each battery module;
the BMS module is specifically used for enabling the direct current charging module to charge the battery clusters by controlling a charging passage of the power distribution unit.
In one possible implementation, a charging diode and a first contactor are disposed on a charging path of the power distribution unit;
the positive electrode end of the charging diode is connected with the positive electrode end of the power battery device through the first contactor, and the negative electrode end of the charging diode is connected with the positive electrode end of the battery cluster;
the first contactor is also connected with the BMS module, and the BMS module is particularly used for controlling the on/off of the charging path through the on/off of the first contactor.
In one possible implementation, a second contactor and a fuse are disposed on a discharge path of the power distribution unit;
the positive electrode end of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the second contactor through the fuse, and the other end of the second contactor forms the positive electrode end of the power battery;
a third contactor and a pre-charging resistor are also arranged on a discharging path of the power distribution unit;
the third contactor and the pre-charge resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the second contactor;
the second contactor and the third contactor are also connected with the BMS module respectively;
the fuse is used for carrying out short-circuit protection on the battery module; the BMS module is specifically configured to control on/off of the discharge path by closing/opening of the second and third contactors.
In one possible implementation, the power distribution unit further includes a negative electrode path;
the negative electrode end of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the negative electrode passage, and the other end of the negative electrode passage forms the negative electrode end of the power battery device;
a Hall sensor and a fourth contactor are arranged on the negative electrode path;
the negative electrode end of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the Hall sensor through the fourth contactor, and the other end of the Hall sensor forms the negative electrode end of the power battery;
the hall sensor and the fourth contactor are also respectively connected with the BMS module, and the BMS module is specifically used for controlling the on/off of the discharging passage through the on/off of the fourth contactor;
the Hall sensors are used for measuring the current of the corresponding battery modules.
In one possible implementation, the BMS module includes a primary master BMS, at least two secondary master BMSs, at least four tertiary master BMSs;
the primary master control BMS is connected with each secondary master control BMS; each secondary master control BMS is connected with two tertiary master control BMSs; two three-level master control BMSs corresponding to each two-level master control BMS are respectively connected to the positive electrode end and the negative electrode end of one battery cluster; each secondary master control BMS is also connected with a discharging passage and a charging passage of one power distribution unit; each secondary master control BMS is also connected with the control end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit;
the three-level master control BMS is used for collecting the operation data of the corresponding battery cluster and reporting the operation data to the corresponding secondary master control BMS;
the secondary master control BMS is used for receiving operation data reported by the two corresponding tertiary master control BMSs and reporting the operation data to the primary master control BMS;
the primary master control BMS is used for sending control instructions to each secondary master control BMS according to the operation data of the battery clusters, and each secondary master control is used for controlling the connection/disconnection of a discharging channel/a charging channel of a corresponding power distribution unit according to the control instructions and is also used for adjusting the discharging current of the corresponding battery cluster by controlling the corresponding unidirectional direct current conversion unit.
In one possible implementation, the primary master BMS, the secondary master BMS, and the tertiary master BMS adopt a communication architecture of optical fiber transmission.
In one possible implementation, the unidirectional dc conversion unit includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, at least one inductor, at least one transistor, and at least one diode;
the first capacitor and the second capacitor are connected with the battery cluster in parallel;
the at least one inductor, the at least one transistor and the at least one diode are in one-to-one correspondence;
for a group of inductors, transistors and diodes which correspond to each other, one end of each inductor is connected with the positive electrode end of the battery cluster, and the other end of each inductor is respectively connected with the collector electrode of each transistor and the input end of each diode; the output end of the diode forms the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the emitter of the transistor is connected with the negative electrode end of the battery cluster, and the grid of the transistor is connected with the secondary main control BMS;
the secondary master control BMS is used for controlling the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through the grid electrode of the transistor so as to control the output current of the corresponding battery cluster.
In one possible implementation, the power distribution unit is further provided with a heating path and a heat dissipation path;
the heating path includes a fifth contactor; the heat dissipation path includes a sixth contactor; the input end of the heating channel and the input end of the heat dissipation channel are respectively connected with the primary master control BMS; the fifth contactor and the sixth contactor are respectively connected with the primary master control BMS; the output end of the heating passage is connected with the heater; and the output end of the heat dissipation passage is connected with the radiator.
In one possible implementation manner, the device further comprises an upper computer and a communication module; the upper computer is connected with the primary master control BMS through the communication module;
the upper computer is used for receiving the operation data of each battery module reported by the primary master control BMS.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the power battery device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: a BMS module and at least two battery modules connected in parallel; the battery module comprises a battery cluster, a power distribution unit and a unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the positive electrode end of the battery cluster is connected with the input end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through a discharging passage of the power distribution unit, and the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit forms the positive electrode end of the power battery device; the positive end of the battery cluster is also connected with the positive end of the power battery device through a charging passage of the power distribution unit, and the negative end of the battery cluster forms the negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module is respectively connected with two ends of the battery cluster, a discharging passage of the power distribution unit, a charging passage of the power distribution unit and a control end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit. The BMS module can adjust the unidirectional direct current conversion unit according to the monitored operation data of the battery cluster so that the discharge current of each battery module is the same, and the problem of unbalanced current distribution is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a power cell apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a power cell apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power distribution unit provided by one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a unidirectional dc conversion unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a battery module;
fig. 6 is a top view and a left side view of the battery module;
fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of a power cell apparatus.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following description will be made by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
At present, under the design requirements of high capacity, high-rate discharge, such as aerospace, ship power batteries and the like, the performance requirements on the power batteries are more and more strict. However, when each battery is connected in parallel, a circulation flow is easily generated, which affects the service life of the battery. In the prior art, a mode of connecting two diodes in series or connecting a bidirectional direct current converter in series is generally adopted to eliminate the circulation. Although the series diode can effectively suppress the circulation, the problem of unbalanced current distribution caused by the change of the internal resistance of the battery cannot be solved. Although the bidirectional DC converter can solve the problem of unbalanced circulation and current distribution, the bidirectional DC converter has high cost and large volume, and the required control strategy is complex, so that the bidirectional DC converter is inconvenient for practical application.
The invention provides a power battery device, which can effectively solve the problems of unbalanced current distribution and current flow distribution by arranging a unidirectional direct current converter, and has the advantages of low cost, small volume, simple control strategy and the like.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a power cell apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the power battery device includes: a BMS module 11 and at least two battery modules 12 connected in parallel; the BMS module 11 is connected to each battery module 12; the positive and negative terminals of each battery module 12 constitute the positive and negative terminals of the power battery device; the BMS module is used for monitoring the operation data of each battery module and controlling the discharging current or the charging current of each battery module according to the operation data.
The battery module 12 includes a battery cluster 13, a power distribution unit 14, and a unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15; the positive electrode end of the battery cluster 13 is connected with the input end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15 through a discharging passage of the power distribution unit 14, and the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15 forms the positive electrode end of the power battery device; the positive end of the battery cluster 13 is also connected with the positive end of the power battery device through a charging passage of the power distribution unit 14, and the negative end of the battery cluster 13 forms the negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module 11 is connected to both ends of the battery cluster 13, a discharging path of the power distribution unit 14, a charging path of the power distribution unit 14, and a control end of the unidirectional dc conversion unit 15, respectively. The BMS module 11 is specifically configured to monitor operation data of the battery clusters, control on/off of a discharging/charging path of the power distribution unit, and control the unidirectional dc conversion unit to adjust a discharging current of each battery cluster.
In this embodiment, the battery cluster may be a unit in which a plurality of batteries are arbitrarily arranged and combined. The unidirectional dc conversion unit 15 may adjust the discharge current of each battery cluster according to the operation data of the battery cluster monitored by the BMS (Battery Management System ) module. The operational data for each battery cluster may include, but is not limited to, at least one of: the voltage, current, temperature, SOC (State Of Charge), SOP (State Of Power), SOH (State Of Health) are not limited herein.
In this embodiment, the power battery device includes: a BMS module 11 and at least two battery modules 12 connected in parallel; the BMS module 11 is connected to each battery module 12; the positive and negative terminals of each battery module 12 constitute the positive and negative terminals of the power battery device. The battery module 12 includes a battery cluster 13, a power distribution unit 14, and a unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15; the positive electrode end of the battery cluster 13 is connected with the input end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15 through a discharging passage of the power distribution unit 14, and the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15 forms the positive electrode end of the power battery device; the positive end of the battery cluster 13 is also connected with the positive end of the power battery device through a charging passage of the power distribution unit 14, and the negative end of the battery cluster 13 forms the negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module 11 is connected to both ends of the battery cluster 13, a discharging path of the power distribution unit 14, a charging path of the power distribution unit 14, and a control end of the unidirectional dc conversion unit 15, respectively. The BMS module can adjust the unidirectional direct current conversion unit according to the monitored operation data of the battery cluster so that the discharge current of each battery module is the same, and the problem of unbalanced current distribution is solved.
As shown in fig. 2, in some embodiments, the power battery device further includes, based on any of the above embodiments: and the direct current charging module. The dc charging modules are connected in parallel with the respective battery modules 12.
The direct current charging module is used for receiving externally input direct current or alternating current, converting the externally input direct current or alternating current, and inputting the converted direct current into each battery module;
the BMS module 11 is specifically configured to charge the direct current charging module to the battery clusters by controlling a charging path of the power distribution unit.
In this embodiment, the dc charging module may be a high-voltage dc charger or a power supply voltage stabilizer. The high-voltage direct-current charger can set corresponding charging current or charging voltage or charging power according to actual requirements, and is not limited herein.
In this embodiment, the power battery device further includes: a power harness. The power wire harness is used for connecting the units so as to complete large-current transmission. The power wire harness can be a copper bar or an aluminum bar with equivalent performance, and the specification of the power wire harness can be customized according to voltage and current requirements.
In some embodiments, based on any of the above embodiments, the BMS module 11 includes a primary master BMS, at least two secondary master BMSs, at least four tertiary master BMSs;
the primary master control BMS is connected with each secondary master control BMS; each secondary master control BMS is connected with two tertiary master control BMSs; two three-level master control BMSs corresponding to each two-level master control BMS are respectively connected to the positive electrode end and the negative electrode end of one battery cluster 13; each secondary master BMS is also connected to a discharging path and a charging path of one power distribution unit 14; each secondary master BMS is also connected to a control terminal of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15.
The three-level master control BMS is used for collecting the operation data of the corresponding battery cluster and reporting the operation data to the corresponding secondary master control BMS. The secondary master control BMS is used for receiving operation data reported by the two corresponding tertiary master control BMSs and reporting the operation data to the primary master control BMS. The primary master control BMS is used for sending control instructions to each secondary master control BMS according to the operation data of the battery clusters, and each secondary master control is used for controlling the connection/disconnection of a discharging path/a charging path of a corresponding power distribution unit according to the control instructions and is also used for adjusting the discharging current of the corresponding battery cluster by controlling the corresponding unidirectional direct current conversion unit.
In this embodiment, communication architecture of optical fiber transmission is adopted between the primary master BMS, the secondary master BMS and the tertiary master BMS. Common mode interference generated by large current discharge can be effectively avoided, and the reliability of the BMS module 11 is improved. And, alarm information is transmitted through optical fiber signals, the transmission rate can reach the giga level, and the response rate of the BMS module 11 is faster.
In this embodiment, optionally, the BMS module 11 further includes an upper computer and a communication module. The upper computer is connected with the primary master control BMS through the communication module. The upper computer is used for receiving the operation data of each battery module reported by the primary master control BMS. When abnormal data exists in the operation data of each battery cluster monitored by the primary master control BMS, the primary master control BMS controls the secondary master control BMS to cut off the battery module corresponding to the abnormal data, and an alarm signal is generated to the upper computer.
In this embodiment, the BMS module 11 has the following features: 1. the synchronous acquisition function of voltage and current at the group terminal is supported. 2. And the power failure wave recording function is supported. 3. Support 4 way power connector temperature acquisition function (B++ \B- \P++ \P-). 4. The maximum 8GB battery data storage function is supported, and the storage period of more than 30 days and a second level storage period is met. 5. Two paths of hundred-mega Ethernet are supported, and cascading between adjacent battery clusters is facilitated. 6. Supporting a 3-way fully isolated can2.0b bus interface. 7. And 3 paths of completely isolated RS485 interfaces are supported. 8. Up to 10 DI and 10 DO are supported. 9. Supporting a pulse-shaped ACC input signal. 10. And the Bootloader upgrade is supported, and the application program upgrade CAN be performed on line through a network port or a CAN bus. 11. The SOC/SOH self-learning function is supported. 12. And the data processing of 512 power cells at most is supported, and the data is reported to the upper computer in real time through the Ethernet or a CAN bus. 13. The maximum 1500v group terminal voltage acquisition is supported, the fastest updating rate is 10 times per second, the 2-way Hall or 1-way shunt group terminal current acquisition is supported, and the fastest updating rate is 10 times per second.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit configuration of a power distribution unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments, on the basis of any of the above embodiments, a charging diode and a first contactor are provided on a charging path of the power distribution unit 14;
the positive terminal of the charging diode is connected with the positive terminal of the power battery device through the first contactor, and the negative terminal of the charging diode is connected with the positive terminal of the battery cluster 13. The first contactor is also connected with the BMS module 11. The BMS module 11 is specifically configured to control on/off of the charging path by the on/off of the first contactor.
In this embodiment, the first contactor is connected to a secondary master BMS in the BMS module 11; the secondary main control BMS is specifically configured to control on/off of the charging path by closing/opening of the first contactor.
In the embodiment, the charging diode is arranged, so that the circulation in the charging process can be effectively restrained, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
In some embodiments, in addition to any of the above embodiments, a second contactor and a fuse are disposed on the discharge path of the power distribution unit 14;
the positive end of the battery cluster 13 is connected with one end of a second contactor through a fuse, and the other end of the second contactor forms the positive end of the power battery;
the discharge path of the power distribution unit 14 is also provided with a third contactor and a precharge resistor;
the third contactor and the precharge resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the second contactor;
the second contactor and the third contactor are also connected to the BMS module 11, respectively;
the BMS module 11 is specifically configured to control on/off of the discharge path by the on/off of the second and third contactors.
In this embodiment, the fuse is used for short-circuit protection of the battery module. The second contactor and the third contactor are respectively connected with a secondary master control BMS in the BMS module 11; the secondary main control BMS is specifically configured to control on/off of the discharge path by the on/off of the second and third contactors. The pre-charging resistor and the third contactor form a pre-charging circuit, and the pre-charging circuit is used for pre-charging a capacitor in the unidirectional direct current conversion unit before the power battery discharges.
In some embodiments, the power distribution unit 14 further includes a negative path based on any of the embodiments described above;
the negative electrode end of the battery cluster 13 is connected with one end of a negative electrode passage, and the other end of the negative electrode passage forms the negative electrode end of the power battery device;
a Hall sensor and a fourth contactor are arranged on the negative electrode path;
the negative electrode end of the battery cluster 13 is connected with one end of a Hall sensor through a fourth contactor, and the other end of the Hall sensor forms the negative electrode end of the power battery;
the hall sensor is connected with the BMS module 11;
the fourth contactor is also connected with the BMS module 11;
the BMS module 11 is specifically configured to control on/off of the discharge path by the on/off of the fourth contactor;
the hall sensors are used for measuring the current of the corresponding battery modules.
In this embodiment, the fourth contactor is connected with a secondary master BMS in the BMS module 11. The BMS module is specifically configured to control on/off of the discharge path by closing/opening of the fourth contactor.
In some embodiments, the power distribution unit 14 is further provided with a heating path and a heat dissipation path on the basis of any of the above embodiments;
the heating path includes a fifth contactor; the heat dissipation path includes a sixth contactor; the input end of the heating channel and the input end of the heat dissipation channel are respectively connected with the primary master control BMS; the fifth contactor and the sixth contactor are respectively connected with the primary master control BMS; the output end of the heating passage is connected with the heater; the output end of the heat dissipation path is connected with the heat radiator.
In this embodiment, the heater heats the battery module when the heating input signal is received and the fifth contactor is closed. The heat dissipation path dissipates heat from the battery module when the heat dissipation input signal is received and the sixth contactor is closed.
In this embodiment, the power distribution unit is a customized power distribution box integrating power output, unidirectional circulation-preventing charging function and heating and heat dissipation functions.
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a unidirectional dc conversion unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, in some embodiments, the unidirectional dc conversion unit 15 includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, at least one inductor, at least one transistor, and at least one diode on the basis of any of the above embodiments;
the first capacitor and the second capacitor are connected in parallel with the battery cluster 13;
at least one inductor, at least one transistor and at least one diode are in one-to-one correspondence;
for a group of inductors, transistors and diodes which correspond to each other, one end of the inductor is connected with the positive end of the battery cluster 13, and the other end of the inductor is respectively connected with the collector of the transistor and the input end of the diode; the output end of the diode forms the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15; the emitter of the transistor is connected with the negative electrode end of the battery cluster 13, and the grid of the transistor is connected with the secondary main control BMS; the secondary master control BMS is used for controlling the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through the grid electrode of the transistor so as to control the output current of the corresponding battery cluster.
In this embodiment, the unidirectional discharge current of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit is adjustable, and the unidirectional discharge current is isolated in the reverse direction. The unidirectional direct current conversion unit realizes the circulation problem during parallel discharge by adding unidirectional cut-off diodes in the converter, and simultaneously the unidirectional direct current conversion unit can set proper and same discharge current according to the internal resistance conditions of different battery clusters through PWM modulation.
In this embodiment, by adjusting the unidirectional dc conversion unit, each battery module can have the same discharge current, which not only can effectively suppress the circulation, but also can balance the discharge of each battery module, thereby improving the service life of each battery module.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a battery module. As shown in fig. 5, in some embodiments, on the basis of any of the above embodiments, each battery cluster in the battery module includes 15 standard modules of 48V, a dc converter and a high-voltage distribution box are arranged below the battery modules, and a customized box body with heat dissipation holes is arranged outside the battery modules. Each standard module consists of a plurality of electric cores.
In this embodiment, the safety of the power battery device during the installation process can be improved by using the 48V standard module that meets the safety voltage of the human body. And the number of standard modules can be set according to actual requirements so as to change the voltage of the battery cluster.
In this embodiment, the battery cell is a lightweight battery cell, and the specific structure is as follows:
the positive electrode adopts a high-nickel ternary material, the negative electrode adopts a silicon-carbon material, and the positive electrode slurry formula comprises the following components: conductive agent SP (3.5%), conductive agent CNT (1.5%), binder: 2%, dispersant (0.5%), 5um positive current collector and 4um negative current collector.
In this embodiment, the weight of the battery cell can be reduced by using the 5um positive current collector and the 4um negative current collector, and the weight of the battery cell can be controlled to be less than 280g by using the slurry and the current collector, and the discharge rate requirement is satisfied.
In the embodiment, the formula of the positive electrode slurry is optimized through a high-capacity material system, the ratio of active substances in electrolyte is increased, thinner copper foil aluminum foil is adopted, the proportion of a current collector is reduced, the weight of a battery cell is reduced, the number of the electrolyte is reduced, the ratio of the battery cell, the energy and other means are improved, and the high-rate discharge characteristic and the light-weight characteristic of the battery cell can be improved.
Fig. 6 is a top view and a left side view of the battery module. Fig. 6 is merely an exemplary illustration of a battery module structure, and is not intended to be limiting.
Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of a power cell apparatus. The power cell apparatus may include a plurality of battery modules. As shown in fig. 7, for example, three battery modules may be grouped together into 20 battery modules to constitute a power battery device. The power battery device can also comprise a power distribution cabinet and a fire control cabinet.
The invention provides a power battery device, which can effectively solve the problems of unbalanced current distribution and current flow distribution by arranging a unidirectional direct current converter, and has the advantages of low cost, small volume, simple control strategy and the like.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of modules or units is merely a logical functional division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A power cell apparatus, comprising:
a BMS module and at least two battery modules connected in parallel; the BMS module is connected with each battery module; the positive and negative terminals of each battery module form the positive and negative terminals of the power battery device; the BMS module is used for monitoring the operation data of each battery module and controlling the discharging current or the charging current of each battery module according to the operation data;
the battery module comprises a battery cluster, a power distribution unit and a unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the positive electrode end of the battery cluster is connected with the input end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through a discharging passage of the power distribution unit, and the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit forms the positive electrode end of the power battery device; the positive end of the battery cluster is also connected with the positive end of the power battery device through a charging passage of the power distribution unit, and the negative end of the battery cluster forms the negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module is respectively connected with two ends of the battery cluster, a discharging passage of the power distribution unit, a charging passage of the power distribution unit and a control end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the BMS module is specifically used for monitoring operation data of the battery clusters, controlling on/off of a discharging path/a charging path of the power distribution unit and controlling the unidirectional direct current conversion unit to adjust the same discharging current of each battery cluster;
a charging diode and a first contactor are arranged on a charging path of the power distribution unit;
the positive electrode end of the charging diode is connected with the positive electrode end of the power battery device through the first contactor, and the negative electrode end of the charging diode is connected with the positive electrode end of the battery cluster;
the first contactor is also connected with the BMS module, and the BMS module is specifically used for controlling the on/off of the charging path through the on/off of the first contactor;
a second contactor and a fuse are arranged on a discharge passage of the power distribution unit;
the positive electrode end of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the second contactor through the fuse, and the other end of the second contactor forms the positive electrode end of the power battery;
a third contactor and a pre-charging resistor are also arranged on a discharging path of the power distribution unit;
the third contactor and the pre-charge resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the second contactor;
the second contactor and the third contactor are also connected with the BMS module respectively;
the fuse is used for carrying out short-circuit protection on the battery module; the BMS module is specifically configured to control on/off of the discharge path by closing/opening of the second and third contactors.
2. The power cell apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
a direct current charging module; the direct current charging module is connected with each battery module in parallel;
the direct current charging module is used for receiving externally input direct current or alternating current, converting the externally input direct current or alternating current, and inputting the converted direct current into each battery module;
the BMS module is specifically used for enabling the direct current charging module to charge the battery clusters by controlling a charging passage of the power distribution unit.
3. The power cell apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power distribution unit further comprises a negative electrode path;
the negative electrode end of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the negative electrode passage, and the other end of the negative electrode passage forms the negative electrode end of the power battery device;
a Hall sensor and a fourth contactor are arranged on the negative electrode path;
the negative electrode end of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the Hall sensor through the fourth contactor, and the other end of the Hall sensor forms the negative electrode end of the power battery;
the hall sensor and the fourth contactor are also respectively connected with the BMS module, and the BMS module is specifically used for controlling the on/off of the discharging passage through the on/off of the fourth contactor;
the Hall sensors are used for measuring the current of the corresponding battery modules.
4. The power cell apparatus of claim 1, wherein the BMS module comprises a primary master BMS, at least two secondary master BMSs, at least four tertiary master BMSs;
the primary master control BMS is connected with each secondary master control BMS; each secondary master control BMS is connected with two tertiary master control BMSs; two three-level master control BMSs corresponding to each two-level master control BMS are respectively connected to the positive electrode end and the negative electrode end of one battery cluster; each secondary master control BMS is also connected with a discharging passage and a charging passage of one power distribution unit; each secondary master control BMS is also connected with the control end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit;
the three-level master control BMS is used for collecting the operation data of the corresponding battery cluster and reporting the operation data to the corresponding secondary master control BMS;
the secondary master control BMS is used for receiving operation data reported by the two corresponding tertiary master control BMSs and reporting the operation data to the primary master control BMS;
the primary master control BMS is used for sending control instructions to each secondary master control BMS according to the operation data of the battery clusters, and each secondary master control is used for controlling the connection/disconnection of a discharging channel/a charging channel of a corresponding power distribution unit according to the control instructions and is also used for adjusting the discharging current of the corresponding battery cluster by controlling the corresponding unidirectional direct current conversion unit.
5. The power cell device of claim 4, wherein the primary master BMS, the secondary master BMS, and the tertiary master BMS are in a fiber optic transmission communication architecture.
6. The power cell apparatus of claim 4 wherein the unidirectional dc conversion unit comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, at least one inductor, at least one transistor, and at least one diode;
the first capacitor and the second capacitor are connected with the battery cluster in parallel;
the at least one inductor, the at least one transistor and the at least one diode are in one-to-one correspondence;
for a group of inductors, transistors and diodes which correspond to each other, one end of each inductor is connected with the positive electrode end of the battery cluster, and the other end of each inductor is respectively connected with the collector electrode of each transistor and the input end of each diode; the output end of the diode forms the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the emitter of the transistor is connected with the negative electrode end of the battery cluster, and the grid of the transistor is connected with the secondary main control BMS;
the secondary master control BMS is used for controlling the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through the grid electrode of the transistor so as to control the output current of the corresponding battery cluster.
7. The power cell apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the power distribution unit is further provided with a heating passage and a heat dissipation passage;
the heating path includes a fifth contactor; the heat dissipation path includes a sixth contactor; the input end of the heating channel and the input end of the heat dissipation channel are respectively connected with the primary master control BMS; the fifth contactor and the sixth contactor are respectively connected with the primary master control BMS; the output end of the heating passage is connected with the heater; and the output end of the heat dissipation passage is connected with the heat radiator.
8. The power cell apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a host computer and a communication module; the upper computer is connected with the primary master control BMS through the communication module;
the upper computer is used for receiving the operation data of each battery module reported by the primary master control BMS.
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| CN117375135A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2024-01-09 | 中能建储能科技(武汉)有限公司 | Balanced control system of marine container type power supply, method and medium thereof |
| CN117175748B (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-04-02 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery state parameter balancing method, energy storage unit, BMS and storage medium |
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