CN113595180A - Power battery device - Google Patents
Power battery device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113595180A CN113595180A CN202110807805.7A CN202110807805A CN113595180A CN 113595180 A CN113595180 A CN 113595180A CN 202110807805 A CN202110807805 A CN 202110807805A CN 113595180 A CN113595180 A CN 113595180A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a power battery device, comprising: a BMS module and at least two battery modules connected in parallel; the battery module comprises a battery cluster, a power distribution unit and a unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the positive end of the battery cluster is connected with the input end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through a discharge passage of the power distribution unit, and the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit forms the positive end of the power battery device; the positive end of the battery cluster is also connected with the positive end of the power battery device through a charging path of the power distribution unit, and the negative end of the battery cluster forms the negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module is respectively connected with two ends of the battery cluster, a discharging path of the power distribution unit, a charging path of the power distribution unit and a control end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit. The BMS module can adjust the unidirectional direct current conversion unit according to the monitored operation data of the battery cluster, so that the discharge current of each battery module is the same, and the problem of unbalanced current distribution is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of energy storage control, and particularly relates to a power battery device.
Background
After the power battery clusters are connected in parallel in an excessive number, because the performance parameters of the batteries are not completely the same, after long-time use, the internal resistance value has a large difference, so that the electromotive force of the batteries is different. At this time, the battery cluster having a large electromotive force discharges the battery cluster having a small electromotive force. A circulating current is formed between the parallel-connected cell clusters. The circulating current not only causes loss, but also influences the service life of the power battery.
In the prior art, the charging and discharging control of the power battery usually adopts a mode that a battery cluster is connected with a diode in series to restrain circulation current, but the method is easy to cause unbalanced current distribution.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a power battery device, which aims to solve the technical problem of unbalanced current distribution of power batteries.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a power battery apparatus, including:
a BMS module and at least two battery modules connected in parallel; the BMS module is connected with each battery module; the positive end and the negative end of each battery module form a positive end and a negative end of the power battery device;
the battery module comprises a battery cluster, a power distribution unit and a unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the positive end of the battery cluster is connected with the input end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through a discharge passage of the power distribution unit, and the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit forms the positive end of the power battery device; the positive end of the battery cluster is also connected with the positive end of the power battery device through a charging path of the power distribution unit, and the negative end of the battery cluster forms the negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module is respectively connected with two ends of the battery cluster, a discharging path of the power distribution unit, a charging path of the power distribution unit and a control end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit.
In one possible implementation, the apparatus further includes:
a DC charging module; the direct current charging module is connected with each battery module in parallel;
the direct current charging module is used for receiving externally input direct current or alternating current, converting the externally input direct current or alternating current and then inputting the converted direct current into each battery module;
the BMS module is specifically used for charging the battery cluster through the direct current charging module by controlling a charging path of the power distribution unit.
In one possible implementation manner, a charging diode and a first contactor are arranged on a charging path of the power distribution unit;
the positive end of the charging diode is connected with the positive end of the power battery device through the first contactor, and the negative end of the charging diode is connected with the positive end of the battery cluster;
the first contactor is also connected to the BMS module, and the BMS module is particularly configured to control on/off of the charging path through on/off of the first contactor.
In one possible implementation manner, a second contactor and a fuse are arranged on a discharge path of the power distribution unit;
the positive end of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the second contactor through the fuse, and the other end of the second contactor forms the positive end of the power battery;
a third contactor and a pre-charging resistor are further arranged on a discharging path of the power distribution unit;
the third contactor is connected with the pre-charging resistor in series and then connected with the second contactor in parallel;
the second contactor and the third contactor are also respectively connected with the BMS module;
the fuse is used for carrying out short-circuit protection on the battery module; the BMS module is particularly configured to control on/off of the discharge path through on/off of the second and third contactors.
In one possible implementation, the power distribution unit further includes a negative pole path;
the negative end of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the negative passage, and the other end of the negative passage forms the negative end of the power battery device;
a Hall sensor and a fourth contactor are arranged on the negative electrode passage;
the negative end of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the Hall sensor through the fourth contactor, and the other end of the Hall sensor forms the negative end of the power battery;
the Hall sensor and the fourth contactor are also respectively connected with the BMS module, and the BMS module is specifically used for controlling the on/off of the discharge path through the on/off of the fourth contactor;
the Hall sensor is used for measuring the current of the corresponding battery module.
In one possible implementation manner, the BMS module includes a primary master BMS, at least two secondary master BMSs, and at least four tertiary master BMSs;
the primary master control BMS is connected with each secondary master control BMS; each secondary main control BMS is connected with two tertiary main control BMSs; two three-level main control BMSs corresponding to each two-level main control BMS are respectively connected to the positive end and the negative end of one battery cluster; each secondary master control BMS is also connected with a discharging path and a charging path of one power distribution unit; each secondary master control BMS is also connected with the control end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit;
the third-level master control BMS is used for acquiring the operation data of the corresponding battery cluster and reporting the operation data to the corresponding second-level master control BMS;
the secondary main control BMS is used for receiving the operation data reported by the two corresponding tertiary main control BMSs and reporting the operation data to the primary main control BMS;
the primary master control BMS is used for sending control instructions to each secondary master control BMS according to the operation data of the battery clusters, and each secondary master control BMS is used for controlling the connection/disconnection of the discharging path/charging path of the corresponding power distribution unit according to the control instructions and is also used for adjusting the discharging current of the corresponding battery cluster by controlling the corresponding unidirectional direct current conversion unit.
In a possible implementation manner, the primary master control BMS, the secondary master control BMS, and the tertiary master control BMS employ a communication architecture for optical fiber transmission.
In one possible implementation manner, the unidirectional dc conversion unit includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, at least one inductor, at least one transistor, and at least one diode;
the first capacitor and the second capacitor are both connected in parallel with the battery cluster;
the at least one inductor, the at least one transistor and the at least one diode are in one-to-one correspondence;
for a group of inductors, transistors and diodes which correspond to each other, one end of each inductor is connected with the positive electrode end of the battery cluster, and the other end of each inductor is respectively connected with the collector electrode of each transistor and the input end of each diode; the output end of the diode forms the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the emitter of the transistor is connected with the negative end of the battery cluster, and the grid of the transistor is connected with the secondary main control BMS;
and the secondary main control BMS is used for controlling the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through the grid electrode of the transistor so as to control the output current of the corresponding battery cluster.
In one possible implementation manner, the power distribution unit is further provided with a heating passage and a heat dissipation passage;
the heating path includes a fifth contactor; the heat dissipation path includes a sixth contactor; the input end of the heating channel and the input end of the heat dissipation channel are respectively connected with the primary master control BMS; the fifth contactor and the sixth contactor are respectively connected with the primary master control BMS; the output end of the heating passage is connected with the heater; the output end of the heat dissipation passage is connected with the radiator.
In one possible implementation mode, the device further comprises an upper computer and a communication module; the upper computer is connected with the primary master control BMS through the communication module;
and the upper computer is used for receiving the operation data of each battery module reported by the primary master control BMS.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a power battery device, which comprises: a BMS module and at least two battery modules connected in parallel; the battery module comprises a battery cluster, a power distribution unit and a unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the positive end of the battery cluster is connected with the input end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through a discharge passage of the power distribution unit, and the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit forms the positive end of the power battery device; the positive end of the battery cluster is also connected with the positive end of the power battery device through a charging path of the power distribution unit, and the negative end of the battery cluster forms the negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module is respectively connected with two ends of the battery cluster, a discharging path of the power distribution unit, a charging path of the power distribution unit and a control end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit. The BMS module can adjust the unidirectional direct current conversion unit according to the monitored operation data of the battery cluster, so that the discharge current of each battery module is the same, and the problem of unbalanced current distribution is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery device provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power cell device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power distribution unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a unidirectional dc conversion unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a battery module;
fig. 6 is a top view and a left side view of the battery module;
fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of a power cell device.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following description is made by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
At present, under the design requirements of high-capacity and high-rate discharge of aerospace, ship power batteries and the like, the performance requirement of the power batteries is more and more strict. However, when the batteries are connected in parallel, circulation current is likely to be generated, which affects the service life of the batteries. In the prior art, a mode of connecting two diodes in series or connecting a bidirectional direct current converter in series is generally adopted to eliminate the circulating current. Although the series diode can effectively suppress the circulating current, the problem of current distribution imbalance caused by the internal resistance change of the battery cannot be solved. Although the bidirectional dc converter can solve the problems of circulating current and current distribution imbalance, it is expensive, bulky, and requires a complicated control strategy, which is not convenient for practical application.
The invention provides a power battery device, which can effectively solve the problems of circulation current problem and current distribution imbalance by arranging a unidirectional direct current converter and has the advantages of low cost, small volume, simple control strategy and the like.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the power battery device includes: a BMS module 11 and at least two battery modules 12 connected in parallel; the BMS module 11 is connected to each battery module 12; the positive terminal and the negative terminal of each battery module 12 form the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the power battery device; the BMS module is used for monitoring the operation data of each battery module and controlling the discharging current or the charging current of each battery module according to the operation data.
The battery module 12 comprises a battery cluster 13, a power distribution unit 14 and a unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15; the positive end of the battery cluster 13 is connected with the input end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15 through a discharge path of the power distribution unit 14, and the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15 forms the positive end of the power battery device; the positive end of the battery cluster 13 is also connected with the positive end of the power battery device through a charging path of the power distribution unit 14, and the negative end of the battery cluster 13 forms the negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module 11 is connected to both ends of the battery cluster 13, a discharging path of the power distribution unit 14, a charging path of the power distribution unit 14, and a control end of the unidirectional dc conversion unit 15, respectively. The BMS module 11 is specifically configured to monitor operation data of the battery clusters, control on/off of a discharging path/a charging path of the power distribution unit, and control the unidirectional dc conversion unit to adjust discharging current of each battery cluster.
In this embodiment, the battery cluster may be a unit formed by randomly arranging and combining a plurality of batteries. The unidirectional dc conversion unit 15 may adjust the discharge current of each Battery cluster according to the operation data of the Battery cluster monitored by a BMS (Battery Management System) module. The operational data for each battery cluster may include, but is not limited to, at least one of: voltage, current, temperature, SOC (State Of Charge), SOP (State Of Power), SOH (State Of Health), but not limited thereto.
In this embodiment, the power battery device includes: a BMS module 11 and at least two battery modules 12 connected in parallel; the BMS module 11 is connected to each battery module 12; the positive and negative terminals of each battery module 12 constitute the positive and negative terminals of the power cell apparatus. The battery module 12 comprises a battery cluster 13, a power distribution unit 14 and a unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15; the positive end of the battery cluster 13 is connected with the input end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15 through a discharge path of the power distribution unit 14, and the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15 forms the positive end of the power battery device; the positive end of the battery cluster 13 is also connected with the positive end of the power battery device through a charging path of the power distribution unit 14, and the negative end of the battery cluster 13 forms the negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module 11 is connected to both ends of the battery cluster 13, a discharging path of the power distribution unit 14, a charging path of the power distribution unit 14, and a control end of the unidirectional dc conversion unit 15, respectively. The BMS module can adjust the unidirectional direct current conversion unit according to the monitored operation data of the battery cluster, so that the discharge current of each battery module is the same, and the problem of unbalanced current distribution is solved.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery device according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, in some embodiments, on the basis of any of the above embodiments, the power battery device further includes: and a direct current charging module. The dc charging module is connected in parallel with each battery module 12.
The direct current charging module is used for receiving externally input direct current or alternating current, converting the externally input direct current or alternating current and then inputting the converted direct current into each battery module;
the BMS module 11 is specifically configured to control a charging path of the power distribution unit to enable the dc charging module to charge the battery cluster.
In this embodiment, the dc charging module may be a high-voltage dc charger or a power regulator. The high-voltage direct-current charger may set a corresponding charging current or charging voltage or charging power according to an actual demand, which is not limited herein.
In this embodiment, the power battery device further includes: a power line bundle. The power wire harness is used for connecting each unit to complete large-current transmission. The power wire harness can be a copper bar or an aluminum bar with equivalent performance, and the specification of the power wire harness can be customized according to the voltage and current requirements.
In some embodiments, on the basis of any of the above embodiments, the BMS module 11 includes a primary master BMS, at least two secondary master BMSs, and at least four tertiary master BMSs;
the primary master control BMS is connected with each secondary master control BMS; each secondary main control BMS is connected with two tertiary main control BMSs; two three-level main control BMSs corresponding to each two-level main control BMS are respectively connected to the positive end and the negative end of one battery cluster 13; each secondary master BMS is also connected to a discharge path and a charge path of one power distribution unit 14; each secondary master BMS is also connected to the control terminal of the unidirectional dc conversion unit 15.
And the third-level master control BMS is used for acquiring the operation data of the corresponding battery cluster and reporting the operation data to the corresponding second-level master control BMS. And the secondary main control BMS is used for receiving the operation data reported by the two corresponding tertiary main control BMSs and reporting the operation data to the primary main control BMS. The primary master control BMS is used for sending control instructions to each secondary master control BMS according to the operation data of the battery clusters, and each secondary master control BMS is used for controlling the connection/disconnection of the discharging path/charging path of the corresponding power distribution unit according to the control instructions and is also used for adjusting the discharging current of the corresponding battery cluster by controlling the corresponding unidirectional direct current conversion unit.
In this embodiment, the communication architecture of optical fiber transmission is adopted between the primary master control BMS, the secondary master control BMS, and the tertiary master control BMS. Common mode interference generated by large-current discharge can be effectively avoided, and the reliability of the BMS module 11 is improved. And, through the transmission alarm information of optic fibre signal, transmission rate can reach the giga level, and BMS module 11's response rate is faster.
In this embodiment, optionally, the BMS module 11 further includes an upper computer and a communication module. The upper computer is connected with the primary master control BMS through the communication module. The upper computer is used for receiving the operation data of each battery module reported by the primary master control BMS. When abnormal data exist in the running data of each battery cluster monitored by the primary master control BMS, the primary master control BMS controls the secondary master control BMS to cut off the battery module corresponding to the abnormal data and send an alarm signal to the upper computer.
In this embodiment, the BMS module 11 specifically has the following features: 1. and a synchronous acquisition function of the voltage and the current of the group terminal is supported. 2. And the power failure recording function is supported. 3. And 4-way power connector temperature acquisition function (B + \ B- \ P + \ P-) is supported. 4. The maximum 8GB battery data storage function is supported, and the requirement of more than 30 days for information storage and second-level storage period is met. 5. Two paths of hundred-mega Ethernet are supported, and the cascade connection between adjacent battery clusters is facilitated. 6. And 3 paths of CAN2.0b bus interfaces with complete isolation are supported. 7. And 3 paths of completely isolated RS485 interfaces are supported. 8. A maximum of 10 ways DI and 10 ways DO are supported. 9. Supporting a pulse-shaped ACC input signal. 10. And the Bootloader upgrading is supported, and the application program upgrading CAN be carried out on line through a network interface or a CAN bus. 11. And the SOC/SOH self-learning function is supported. 12. And the data processing of the power-saving core is supported at most 512, and the data is reported to the upper computer in real time through the Ethernet or the CAN bus. 13. The method supports the acquisition of the terminal voltage of the highest 1500v group, the fastest updating rate is 10 times per second, the method supports the acquisition of the current of the group terminal of the 2-path Hall or 1-path shunt, and the fastest updating rate is 10 times per second.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power distribution unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments, on the basis of any of the above embodiments, the charging path of the power distribution unit 14 is provided with a charging diode and a first contactor;
the positive end of the charging diode is connected with the positive end of the power battery device through the first contactor, and the negative end of the charging diode is connected with the positive end of the battery cluster 13. The first contactor is also connected to the BMS module 11. The BMS module 11 is particularly for controlling the on/off of the charging path through the closing/opening of the first contactor.
In this embodiment, the first contactor is connected to the secondary main control BMS in the BMS module 11; the secondary main control BMS is specifically configured to control on/off of the charging path through on/off of the first contactor.
In the embodiment, the charging diode is arranged, so that the circulation current in the charging process can be effectively restrained, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
In some embodiments, on the basis of any of the above embodiments, the discharge path of the power distribution unit 14 is provided with a second contactor and a fuse;
the positive end of the battery cluster 13 is connected with one end of a second contactor through a fuse, and the other end of the second contactor forms the positive end of the power battery;
a third contactor and a pre-charging resistor are further arranged on a discharging path of the power distribution unit 14;
the third contactor is connected in series with the pre-charging resistor and then connected in parallel with the second contactor;
the second contactor and the third contactor are also respectively connected with the BMS module 11;
the BMS module 11 is particularly for controlling the on/off of the discharge path by the closing/opening of the second and third contactors.
In this embodiment, the fuse is used to perform short-circuit protection on the battery module. The second contactor and the third contactor are respectively connected with a secondary main control BMS in the BMS module 11; the secondary main control BMS is specifically configured to control on/off of the discharge path through on/off of the second contactor and the third contactor. The pre-charging resistor and the third contactor form a pre-charging circuit, and the pre-charging circuit is used for pre-charging a capacitor in the unidirectional direct current conversion unit before the power battery is discharged.
In some embodiments, the power distribution unit 14 further includes a negative circuit path on the basis of any of the above embodiments;
the negative end of the battery cluster 13 is connected with one end of a negative electrode passage, and the other end of the negative electrode passage forms the negative end of the power battery device;
a Hall sensor and a fourth contactor are arranged on the negative electrode passage;
the negative end of the battery cluster 13 is connected with one end of the Hall sensor through a fourth contactor, and the other end of the Hall sensor forms the negative end of the power battery;
the hall sensor is connected with the BMS module 11;
the fourth contactor is also connected to the BMS module 11;
the BMS module 11 is specifically configured to control on/off of the discharge path by on/off of the fourth contactor;
the hall sensor is used to measure the current of its corresponding battery module.
In this embodiment, the fourth contactor is connected to the secondary main control BMS in the BMS module 11. The BMS module is particularly adapted to control on/off of the discharge path by on/off of the fourth contactor.
In some embodiments, on the basis of any of the above embodiments, the power distribution unit 14 is further provided with a heating path and a heat dissipation path;
the heating path includes a fifth contactor; the heat dissipation path includes a sixth contactor; the input end of the heating channel and the input end of the heat dissipation channel are respectively connected with the primary master control BMS; the fifth contactor and the sixth contactor are respectively connected with the primary master control BMS; the output end of the heating passage is connected with the heater; the output end of the heat dissipation passage is connected with the radiator.
In this embodiment, the heater heats the battery module when the heating path receives the heating input signal and the fifth contactor is closed. When the heat dissipation path receives the heat dissipation input signal and the sixth contactor is closed, the heat sink dissipates heat to the battery module.
In this embodiment, the power distribution unit is a customized distribution box integrating power output, a unidirectional circulation-preventing charging function, and a heating and heat-dissipating function.
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a unidirectional dc conversion unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, in some embodiments, on the basis of any of the above embodiments, the unidirectional dc conversion unit 15 includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, at least one inductor, at least one transistor, and at least one diode;
the first capacitor and the second capacitor are connected in parallel with the battery cluster 13;
the at least one inductor, the at least one transistor and the at least one diode are in one-to-one correspondence;
for a group of mutually corresponding inductors, transistors and diodes, one end of each inductor is connected with the positive terminal of the battery cluster 13, and the other end of each inductor is respectively connected with the collector of each transistor and the input end of each diode; the output end of the diode forms the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit 15; the emitter of the transistor is connected with the negative end of the battery cluster 13, and the grid of the transistor is connected with the secondary main control BMS; and the secondary main control BMS is used for controlling the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through the grid electrode of the transistor so as to control the output current of the corresponding battery cluster.
In this embodiment, the unidirectional dc conversion unit has adjustable unidirectional discharge current and isolated reverse current. The unidirectional direct current conversion unit realizes the problem of circulation current during parallel discharge by adding a unidirectional cut-off diode in the converter, and meanwhile, the unidirectional direct current conversion unit can set the same proper discharge current according to the internal resistance conditions of different battery clusters through PWM modulation.
In this embodiment, by adjusting the unidirectional dc conversion unit, each battery module can have the same discharge current, which not only effectively suppresses the circulation current, but also balances the discharge of each battery module, thereby prolonging the service life of each battery module.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a battery module. In some embodiments, based on any of the above embodiments, each battery cluster in the battery module includes 15 48V standard modules, a dc converter and a high voltage distribution box are disposed below the battery modules, and a customized box with heat dissipation holes is disposed outside the battery module. Each standard module consists of a plurality of battery cores.
In this embodiment, the 48V standard module conforming to the human body safety voltage is used, so that the safety of the power battery device in the installation process can be improved. And, can set up the quantity of standard module according to actual demand in order to change the voltage of battery cluster.
In this embodiment, the used battery cell is a light battery cell, and the specific structure is as follows:
the anode adopts a high-nickel ternary material, the cathode adopts a silicon-carbon material, and the formula of the anode slurry comprises the following components: conductive agent SP (3.5%), conductive agent CNT (1.5%), binder: 2%, dispersant (0.5%), 5um positive current collector and 4um negative current collector.
In this embodiment, the weight of the battery cell can be reduced by using the 5um positive current collector and the 4um negative current collector, and the weight of the battery cell can be controlled to be smaller than 280g by using the slurry and the current collectors, and the requirement of discharge multiplying power can be met.
In this embodiment, through a high-capacity material system, the positive electrode slurry formula is optimized, the proportion of active substances in the electrolyte is increased, and the thinner copper foil and aluminum foil are adopted, so that the proportion of current collectors is reduced, the weight of the battery cell is reduced, the amount of the electrolyte is reduced, the battery ratio and energy are improved, and the high-rate discharge characteristic and the light-weight characteristic of the battery cell can be improved.
Fig. 6 is a top view and a left side view of the battery module. Fig. 6 is only an exemplary illustration of the structure of the battery module, and is not intended to be limiting.
Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of a power cell device. The power cell apparatus may include a plurality of battery modules. As shown in fig. 7, for example, three battery modules may be used as a group, and 20 battery modules may constitute the power battery device. The power battery device can also comprise a power distribution cabinet and a fire-fighting cabinet.
The invention provides a power battery device, which can effectively solve the problems of circulation current problem and current distribution imbalance by arranging a unidirectional direct current converter and has the advantages of low cost, small volume, simple control strategy and the like.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.
In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, a module or a unit may be divided into only one logical function, and may be implemented in other ways, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
Units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A power cell apparatus, comprising:
a BMS module and at least two battery modules connected in parallel; the BMS module is connected with each battery module; the positive end and the negative end of each battery module form a positive end and a negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module is used for monitoring the operation data of each battery module and controlling the discharging current or the charging current of each battery module according to the operation data;
the battery module comprises a battery cluster, a power distribution unit and a unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the positive end of the battery cluster is connected with the input end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through a discharge passage of the power distribution unit, and the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit forms the positive end of the power battery device; the positive end of the battery cluster is also connected with the positive end of the power battery device through a charging path of the power distribution unit, and the negative end of the battery cluster forms the negative end of the power battery device; the BMS module is respectively connected with two ends of the battery cluster, a discharging path of the power distribution unit, a charging path of the power distribution unit and a control end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the BMS module is specifically used for monitoring the operation data of the battery clusters, controlling the connection/disconnection of the discharging path/charging path of the power distribution unit and controlling the unidirectional direct current conversion unit to adjust the discharging current of each battery cluster.
2. The power cell device of claim 1, further comprising:
a DC charging module; the direct current charging module is connected with each battery module in parallel;
the direct current charging module is used for receiving externally input direct current or alternating current, converting the externally input direct current or alternating current and then inputting the converted direct current into each battery module;
the BMS module is specifically used for charging the battery cluster through the direct current charging module by controlling a charging path of the power distribution unit.
3. The power battery device according to claim 1, wherein a charging diode and a first contactor are arranged on a charging path of the power distribution unit;
the positive end of the charging diode is connected with the positive end of the power battery device through the first contactor, and the negative end of the charging diode is connected with the positive end of the battery cluster;
the first contactor is also connected to the BMS module, and the BMS module is particularly configured to control on/off of the charging path through on/off of the first contactor.
4. The power battery device according to claim 1, wherein a second contactor and a fuse are arranged on a discharge path of the power distribution unit;
the positive end of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the second contactor through the fuse, and the other end of the second contactor forms the positive end of the power battery;
a third contactor and a pre-charging resistor are further arranged on a discharging path of the power distribution unit;
the third contactor is connected with the pre-charging resistor in series and then connected with the second contactor in parallel;
the second contactor and the third contactor are also respectively connected with the BMS module;
the fuse is used for carrying out short-circuit protection on the battery module; the BMS module is particularly configured to control on/off of the discharge path through on/off of the second and third contactors.
5. The power cell device of claim 1, wherein the power distribution unit further comprises a negative pole path;
the negative end of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the negative passage, and the other end of the negative passage forms the negative end of the power battery device;
a Hall sensor and a fourth contactor are arranged on the negative electrode passage;
the negative end of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the Hall sensor through the fourth contactor, and the other end of the Hall sensor forms the negative end of the power battery;
the Hall sensor and the fourth contactor are also respectively connected with the BMS module, and the BMS module is specifically used for controlling the on/off of the discharge path through the on/off of the fourth contactor;
the Hall sensor is used for measuring the current of the corresponding battery module.
6. The power battery device according to claim 1, wherein the BMS module comprises a primary master BMS, at least two secondary master BMSs, at least four tertiary master BMSs;
the primary master control BMS is connected with each secondary master control BMS; each secondary main control BMS is connected with two tertiary main control BMSs; two three-level main control BMSs corresponding to each two-level main control BMS are respectively connected to the positive end and the negative end of one battery cluster; each secondary master control BMS is also connected with a discharging path and a charging path of one power distribution unit; each secondary master control BMS is also connected with the control end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit;
the third-level master control BMS is used for acquiring the operation data of the corresponding battery cluster and reporting the operation data to the corresponding second-level master control BMS;
the secondary main control BMS is used for receiving the operation data reported by the two corresponding tertiary main control BMSs and reporting the operation data to the primary main control BMS;
the primary master control BMS is used for sending control instructions to each secondary master control BMS according to the operation data of the battery clusters, and each secondary master control BMS is used for controlling the connection/disconnection of the discharging path/charging path of the corresponding power distribution unit according to the control instructions and is also used for adjusting the discharging current of the corresponding battery cluster by controlling the corresponding unidirectional direct current conversion unit.
7. The power battery device according to claim 6, wherein the primary master BMS, the secondary master BMS and the tertiary master BMS are in a communication structure of optical fiber transmission.
8. The power battery device according to claim 6, wherein the unidirectional direct current conversion unit comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, at least one inductor, at least one transistor and at least one diode;
the first capacitor and the second capacitor are both connected in parallel with the battery cluster;
the at least one inductor, the at least one transistor and the at least one diode are in one-to-one correspondence;
for a group of inductors, transistors and diodes which correspond to each other, one end of each inductor is connected with the positive electrode end of the battery cluster, and the other end of each inductor is respectively connected with the collector electrode of each transistor and the input end of each diode; the output end of the diode forms the output end of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit; the emitter of the transistor is connected with the negative end of the battery cluster, and the grid of the transistor is connected with the secondary main control BMS;
and the secondary main control BMS is used for controlling the unidirectional direct current conversion unit through the grid electrode of the transistor so as to control the output current of the corresponding battery cluster.
9. The power battery apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the power distribution unit is further provided with a heating path and a heat dissipation path;
the heating path includes a fifth contactor; the heat dissipation path includes a sixth contactor; the input end of the heating channel and the input end of the heat dissipation channel are respectively connected with the primary master control BMS; the fifth contactor and the sixth contactor are respectively connected with the primary master control BMS; the output end of the heating passage is connected with the heater; the output end of the heat dissipation passage is connected with the radiator.
10. The power battery device according to claim 6, wherein the device further comprises an upper computer and a communication module; the upper computer is connected with the primary master control BMS through the communication module;
and the upper computer is used for receiving the operation data of each battery module reported by the primary master control BMS.
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