CN113589358A - Underground photoelectric composite cable with power device and borehole seismic data acquisition method - Google Patents
Underground photoelectric composite cable with power device and borehole seismic data acquisition method Download PDFInfo
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- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 49
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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Abstract
The invention provides an underground photoelectric composite cable with a power device and an underground seismic data acquisition method, which comprise an armored photoelectric composite cable, wherein the armored photoelectric composite cable is internally provided with an underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable, an underground multi-mode optical fiber and an underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array, the tail end of the armored photoelectric composite cable is fixedly connected with a power traction device of which the tail part is provided with a propeller, the ground shallow part is provided with the three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable according to an orthogonal grid, the ground is provided with an artificial seismic source excitation point according to the orthogonal grid, and the underground photoelectric composite cable also comprises a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation demodulation instrument arranged near a wellhead. In a large inclined well, a horizontal well and a heavy-specific-weight slurry deep well, the power traction device can drag the armored photoelectric composite cable to smoothly go down to the bottom of the well, so that the combined synchronous acquisition of seismic data in the well and on the ground and the acquisition of seismic data in the well can be conveniently carried out by using optical fibers, and the well temperature of the whole well section and the quasi-distributed pressure of multiple points in a shaft can be synchronously measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geophysical exploration and oil-gas resource exploration and development, and particularly relates to an underground photoelectric composite cable with a power device and an underground seismic data acquisition method.
Background
The optical fiber sensing technology starts in 1977, and is rapidly developed along with the development of the optical fiber communication technology, hundreds of optical fiber sensing technologies are available in the world, and sensing of physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, flow, displacement, vibration, rotation, bending, liquid level, speed, acceleration, sound field, current, voltage, magnetic field and radiation achieves different performances. The optical fiber sensing system can be used for measuring surface three-component seismic signals and downhole pressure, temperature, noise, vibration, sound waves and seismic waves. The system is based on a full armored optical cable structure, and the sensor and the connecting and data transmission cable are all made of optical fibers.
In highly deviated well and horizontal well, the armor optical cable is difficult to rely on the weight of self and the smooth shaft bottom data acquisition of transferring of action of gravity, and in the deep well of heavy specific gravity mud, the adsorption of mud can live the armor optical cable absorption, makes it can't rely on the weight of self and the smooth shaft bottom of transferring of action of gravity. In large inclined wells and horizontal wells which are put into oil and gas production, because broken stones and sands exist in perforated well sections or well sections provided with sieve tubes or well sections completed by open holes, the armored optical cable cannot be dragged to the bottom of the well by using a crawler to carry out data acquisition operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to collect seismic data in a well to realize fine description and drawing of an underground oil and gas reservoir, carry out real-time measurement and monitoring of the temperature of the whole well section, measure and monitor the pore fluid pressure of each position in the reservoir, measure the flow and the change (liquid production profile) of oil, gas and water of each oil and gas production well section in real time, or carry out integrated intelligent exploration and development on the injection quantity and the change (water absorption profile) of each underground water injection or steam injection or carbon dioxide injection or polymer injection well section, greatly reduce the exploration and development cost of oil and gas resources, improve the final oil and gas recovery ratio and overcome the problem that an armored optical cable cannot be smoothly put down to the bottom of a large inclined well, a horizontal well and a deep well with heavy mud The oil-gas optical fiber intelligent geophysical data acquisition system comprises a three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable, a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity underground multimode optical fiber, a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array, artificial seismic source excitation points distributed on the ground according to orthogonal grids, and a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument placed near a wellhead, wherein the three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable, the high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity underground multimode optical fiber and the high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array are arranged in an underground armored photoelectric composite cable, and the oil-gas optical fiber intelligent geophysical data acquisition system is constructed. The power traction device can drag the armored photoelectric composite cable to smoothly go to the bottom of the well, so that the combined synchronous acquisition of seismic data in the well and on the ground and the acquisition of seismic data in the well can be conveniently carried out by using optical fibers, and the well temperature of the whole well section and the quasi-distributed pressure data of multiple points in a shaft can be synchronously measured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the underground photoelectric composite cable with the power device comprises an armored photoelectric composite cable, wherein a high-temperature-resistant and high-sensitivity underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable, two high-temperature-resistant and high-sensitivity underground multimode optical fibers and a high-temperature-resistant and high-sensitivity underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array are arranged in the armored photoelectric composite cable, the tail end of the armored photoelectric composite cable is fixedly connected with a power traction device of which the tail is provided with a propeller, the shallow part of the ground is provided with a horizontally-embedded high-sensitivity ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable according to an orthogonal grid, artificial seismic source excitation points are distributed on the ground according to the orthogonal grid, and the underground photoelectric composite cable further comprises a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument arranged near a well head;
six DAS signal ports of the DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument are connected with three optical fibers in a downhole three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable and three optical fibers in a ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable, two DTS signal ports of the DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument are connected with two downhole multimode optical fibers, and a DPS signal input port of the DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument is connected with the head end of a downhole quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array.
The shape of the power traction device of the armored photoelectric composite cable is in a small torpedo shape, the tail part of the power traction device is provided with a propeller, a motor in the power traction device provides power for the propeller, and a power line in the armored photoelectric composite cable provides power for the motor in the power traction device through an instrument vehicle at a wellhead;
three super anti-bending Rayleigh scattering enhanced sensing optical fibers are adopted in the underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable and are respectively wound on the seismic wave elastomer.
At least one layer of continuous metal thin tube is arranged outside the underground distributed type three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable to encapsulate the underground distributed type three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable, and the underground distributed type three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable is protected by an outermost layer of armored steel wire.
The tail end of the underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable and the tail end of the ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable are respectively provided with an extinction device, the two underground multimode optical fibers are embedded in the seismic wave elastomer, the tail ends of the underground multimode optical fibers are welded together in a U shape at the bottom of a well, and the two optical fibers at the head end of the underground multimode optical fiber are used for being connected to two double-end signal input ports of two DTS signals of the DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument.
The optical fiber pressure sensors on the underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array can be diaphragm type micro F-P cavity optical fiber pressure sensors, corrugated diaphragm type optical fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensors, optical fiber grating pressure sensors and optical fiber pressure sensors of a composite Fabry-Perot cavity, the optical fiber pressure sensors are distributed at equal intervals, and the interval is 20 meters to 100 meters.
The armored photoelectric composite cable is also internally provided with three power lines which can provide a three-phase power supply for underground instrument equipment connected to the tail end of the armored photoelectric composite cable.
The ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable has the distance between 12.5 meters and 50 meters.
The artificial seismic source excitation points are an explosive source, a controllable seismic source, an air gun seismic source, a heavy hammer falling seismic source and an electric spark seismic source, and the distance between the artificial seismic source excitation points is 25-100 meters.
The seismic data acquisition method of the underground photoelectric composite cable with the power device comprises the following steps:
(1) horizontally burying ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cables at the shallow part of the ground around the wellhead according to orthogonal grids, and laying artificial seismic source excitation points according to the orthogonal grids;
(2) slowly lowering the power traction device and the armored photoelectric composite cable connected with the power traction device into a drilled well hole;
(3) when the power traction device and the armored photoelectric composite cable connected with the power traction device cannot be naturally placed to the bottom of the well by the self weight of the power traction device in a large inclined well, a horizontal well or a high-specific-gravity mud well, a motor on the power traction device is started in the ground control vehicle, the motor drives a propeller to rotate, and the power traction device pulls the armored photoelectric composite cable to move to the bottom of the well;
(4) respectively connecting the head end of an underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable, the head end of a ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable and two underground multimode optical fibers in the armored photoelectric composite cable to DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instruments at a wellhead, and connecting the head end of an underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array with a DPS signal input port of the DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instruments;
(5) sequentially exciting the positions of the excitation points of the artificial seismic source distributed according to the orthogonal grid by using the artificial excitation seismic source on the ground, and synchronously and jointly acquiring three-component seismic data in the well and on the ground, which are excited by the excitation points of the artificial seismic source, by using the underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable and the ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable;
(6) sequentially exciting at the position of an excitation point of an artificial seismic source, and acquiring three-component borehole seismic (VSP-vertical seismic profile) data including zero-offset VSP, non-zero-offset VSP, Walkaway VSP, WalkaroundVSP, WalkanoveVSP or three-dimensional VSP data by using a borehole three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable;
(7) for an oil-gas production well, continuously measuring noise and temperature data of each perforation point position in real time by using an optical fiber in an armored photoelectric composite cable which is lowered to the bottom of the well and a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument which is connected with the optical fiber near the well mouth, and measuring reservoir pore fluid pressure of each pressure sensor position on an underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array in real time, and calculating the flow of oil, gas and water of each underground oil-gas production well section and the change (a liquid production section) thereof or the injection quantity of each underground water injection or steam injection or carbon dioxide injection or polymer injection well section and the change (a water absorption section) thereof by using a multi-parameter comprehensive inversion method, thereby realizing the real-time dynamic monitoring of the development and production process of the oil-gas well and the change of the well liquid production thereof;
(8) after the well-ground combined production or the seismic data collection in the well is finished, a winch on the ground control vehicle lifts up to recover the armored photoelectric composite cable, if the specific gravity of underground slurry is too large, the armored photoelectric composite cable is adsorbed or the well is too deep and too long, and the ground winch is difficult to lift up or cannot lift up and recover the armored photoelectric composite cable, a propeller at the tail part of the power traction device is started to rotate reversely, the armored photoelectric composite cable is pushed upwards, and the armored photoelectric composite cable is lifted out of a well mouth together with the ground winch;
(9) processing underground three-component seismic data and ground three-dimensional three-component seismic data acquired in underground and surrounding areas of a well, then calculating three-dimensional seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity data bodies by using a full-waveform inversion technology, and finally calibrating, adjusting and updating the three-dimensional seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity data bodies obtained through full-waveform inversion by using acoustic logging velocity data and VSP velocity data to obtain primary seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity fields of a stratum around the well;
(10) calculating and solving an accurate average velocity value and a layer velocity value of the underground medium according to the first arrival travel time of seismic data acquired in a well and the distance between an excitation point of an artificial seismic source and an underground wave detection point; removing multiple waves in the ground seismic data according to the depth position of the reflecting layer of the well seismic data, and calibrating the seismic geological reflecting layer of each ground seismic data;
(11) processing seismic data in the well and providing a stratum absorption attenuation parameter Q; according to a true amplitude recovery factor extracted from borehole seismic data, establishing a well control velocity field for the ground seismic data jointly collected from the borehole and the ground, and performing amplitude recovery processing based on the velocity field; performing deconvolution processing on ground seismic data acquired by well-ground combination according to deconvolution parameters extracted from well seismic data;
(12) calculating and extracting anisotropic parameters of the underground stratum based on three-dimensional borehole seismic data or multi-azimuth Walkaway VSP or Walkeround VSP data or three-dimensional VSP data; carrying out velocity and anisotropic three-dimensional parameter combined modeling based on VSP well flooding parameter constraint; carrying out resolution-improving processing on well control ground seismic data by using the well seismic data parameters; according to the anisotropy parameters of the underground stratum accurately calculated and extracted from the borehole seismic data, performing anisotropic migration processing on the ground seismic data jointly acquired from the borehole and the ground;
(13) performing Q compensation or Q migration imaging processing on pre-stack gather data on ground seismic data acquired jointly from the well according to a stratum absorption attenuation parameter Q extracted from the well seismic data, wherein the Q migration imaging processing on the pre-stack gather data comprises Q-kirchhoff migration, Q-wave equation migration, Q-reverse time migration (Q-RTM) or least square Q-reverse time migration (Q-LSRTM);
(14) carrying out amplitude preservation and denoising, three-component rotation, TAR compensation, wavelet deconvolution, wave field separation, speed modeling, prestack gather optimization processing and amplitude preservation migration imaging processing on Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) data acquired in a well; VSP data amplitude-preserving migration imaging processing after pre-stack gather optimization processing comprises Q-kirchhoff migration, Q-wave equation migration, Q-reverse time migration (Q-RTM) or least square Q-reverse time migration (Q-LSRTM);
(15) and finally, carrying out fine description and evaluation on the oil-gas distribution in the reservoir according to the sensitive attribute data, providing the distribution characteristics and rules of the primary oil-gas or residual oil-gas in the reservoir around the well, and providing reliable technical support for the high-efficiency low-cost optimization development of the oil-gas resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of a system for conducting a borehole-earth stereo combined exploration operation or vertical seismic profile data acquisition by using a downhole photoelectric composite cable with a power device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the downhole photoelectric composite cable with the power device.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the propeller arrangement at the aft end of the power traction apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the downhole optical-electrical composite cable with the power device of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. They are not to be construed as limiting the invention but merely as exemplifications, while the advantages thereof will be more clearly understood and appreciated by way of illustration.
The underground photoelectric composite cable with the power device is used for carrying out well-ground three-dimensional combined exploration operation or the arrangement of a vertical seismic section data acquisition system, and is shown in figure 1:
the high-sensitivity underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitivity-enhancing sensing optical cable comprises an armored photoelectric composite cable 1, wherein a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitivity-enhancing sensing optical cable 2, two high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity underground multimode optical fibers 3 and a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array 4 are arranged in the armored photoelectric composite cable 1, the tail end of the armored photoelectric composite cable 1 is fixedly connected with a power traction device 6 of which the tail part is provided with a propeller 5, the shallow part of the ground is provided with a horizontally-embedded high-sensitivity ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitivity-enhancing sensing optical cable 7 according to an orthogonal grid, the ground is provided with artificial seismic source excitation points 8 according to the orthogonal grid, and the high-sensitivity underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array further comprises a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 9 arranged near a wellhead;
six DAS signal ports of the DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 9 are connected with three optical fibers in the underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable 2 and three optical fibers in the ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable 7, two DTS signal ports of the DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 9 are connected with two underground multimode optical fibers 3, and a DPS signal input port of the DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 9 is connected with the head end of the underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array 4.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the downhole photoelectric composite cable with the power device. The shape of the power traction device 6 of the armored photoelectric composite cable 1 is in a small torpedo shape, the tail part of the power traction device is provided with a propeller 5 (figure 3), a motor in the power traction device 6 provides power for the propeller 5 of the power traction device 6, and a power line 11 in the armored photoelectric composite cable 1 provides power for the motor in the power traction device through an instrument vehicle at a wellhead;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the downhole optical-electrical composite cable with the power device of the invention. Three super anti-bending Rayleigh scattering enhanced sensing optical fibers are adopted in the underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable 2 and are respectively wound on the seismic wave elastomer 13.
As shown in fig. 4, at least one layer of continuous metal tubule is arranged outside the downhole three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable 2 to encapsulate the same, and the sheath is protected by an outermost layer of armor steel wire.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the downhole optical-electrical composite cable with the power device of the invention. The tail end of the underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable 2 and the tail end of the ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable 7 (shown in figure 5) are respectively provided with an extinction device 10, the two underground multimode optical fibers 3 are embedded in a seismic wave elastomer 13, the tail ends of the underground multimode optical fibers are welded together in a U-shaped 12 mode at the bottom of a well, and the two optical fibers at the head end of the underground multimode optical fibers are used for being connected to two double-end signal input ports of two DTS signals of a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 9.
The optical fiber pressure sensors on the high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array 4 can be diaphragm type micro F-P cavity optical fiber pressure sensors, corrugated diaphragm type optical fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensors, optical fiber grating pressure sensors and optical fiber pressure sensors of a composite Fabry-Perot cavity, the optical fiber pressure sensors are distributed at equal intervals, and the interval is 20 meters to 100 meters.
The ground shallow part is provided with ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cables 7 according to an orthogonal grid, and the distance between the sensing optical cables is 12.5 meters to 50 meters.
The photoelectric composite cable is also internally provided with three power lines 11 which can provide a three-phase power supply for underground instrument equipment connected to the tail end of the armored photoelectric composite cable.
The artificial seismic source excitation points 8 are explosive sources or controllable seismic sources or air gun seismic sources or heavy hammer falling seismic sources or electric spark seismic sources, and the distance between the artificial seismic source excitation points 8 is 25-100 meters.
The underground photoelectric composite cable seismic data acquisition method using the self-powered device comprises the following steps:
(a) horizontally burying ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cables 7 at the shallow part of the ground around a wellhead according to orthogonal grids, and laying artificial seismic source excitation points 8 according to the orthogonal grids;
(b) slowly lowering the power traction device 6 and the armored photoelectric composite cable 1 connected with the power traction device into a drilled well hole;
(c) when the power traction device 6 and the armored photoelectric composite cable 1 connected with the power traction device cannot be naturally placed to the bottom of the well by means of self weight in a large inclined well, a horizontal well or a high-specific-gravity mud well, starting a motor on the power traction device 6 from the ground control vehicle, driving a propeller 5 (shown in figure 3) to rotate by the motor, and drawing the armored photoelectric composite cable 1 to move to the bottom of the well;
(d) respectively connecting the head end of an underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable 2, the head end of a ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable 7 and two underground multimode optical fibers 3 in the armored photoelectric composite cable 1 to DAS and DTS signal input ends of a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 at a wellhead, and connecting the head end of an underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array 4 with a DPS signal input port of a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 9;
(e) sequentially exciting the positions of the artificial seismic source excitation points 8 distributed according to the orthogonal grids by using an artificial excitation seismic source on the ground, and synchronously and jointly acquiring in-well and ground three-component seismic data excited by the artificial seismic source excitation points 8 by using the underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable 2 and the ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable 7;
(f) sequentially exciting an artificial excitation seismic source on the ground at the position of an artificial seismic source excitation point 8 distributed according to a pre-designed grid, and acquiring three-component borehole seismic (VSP-vertical seismic profile) data including zero-offset VSP, non-zero-offset VSP, Walkaway VSP, WalkaoundVSP, Walkacover VSP or three-dimensional VSP data only by using the underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable 2;
(g) for an oil-gas production well, by using an optical fiber in an armored photoelectric composite cable 1 which is lowered to the bottom of the well and a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 9 which is connected with the optical fiber near the well head, noise and temperature data of each perforation point position are continuously measured in real time, and reservoir pore fluid pressure which is measured in real time at each pressure sensor position on an underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array 4 is calculated by using a multi-parameter comprehensive inversion method, the flow rate and the change (a liquid production profile) of oil, gas and water of each underground oil-gas production well section, or the injection amount and the change (a water absorption profile) of each underground water injection or steam injection or carbon dioxide injection or polymer injection well section are calculated, so that the development and production process of the oil-gas well and the real-time dynamic monitoring of the change of the well liquid production are realized;
(h) after well-ground combined production or well seismic data collection is finished, a winch on a ground control vehicle lifts the armored photoelectric composite cable 1 to recover, if the specific gravity of underground slurry is too large, the armored photoelectric composite cable 1 is adsorbed or the well is too deep and too long, so that the ground winch is difficult to lift or cannot lift the armored photoelectric composite cable 1 to recover, a propeller 5 at the tail part of a power traction device 6 is started to rotate reversely, the armored photoelectric composite cable 1 is pushed upwards, and the armored photoelectric composite cable 1 is lifted out of a well mouth together with the ground winch;
(i) processing underground three-component seismic data and ground three-dimensional three-component seismic data acquired in underground and surrounding areas of a well, then calculating three-dimensional seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity data bodies by using a full-waveform inversion technology, and finally calibrating, adjusting and updating the three-dimensional seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity data bodies obtained through full-waveform inversion by using acoustic logging velocity data and VSP velocity data to obtain primary seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity fields of a stratum around the well;
(j) calculating and solving an accurate average velocity value and a layer velocity value of the underground medium according to the first arrival travel time of seismic data acquired in a well and the distance between an artificial seismic source excitation point 8 and an underground wave detection point; removing multiple waves in the ground seismic data according to the depth position of the reflecting layer of the well seismic data, and calibrating the seismic geological reflecting layer of each ground seismic data;
(k) processing seismic data in the well and providing a stratum absorption attenuation parameter Q; according to a true amplitude recovery factor extracted from borehole seismic data, establishing a well control velocity field for the ground seismic data jointly collected from the borehole and the ground, and performing amplitude recovery processing based on the velocity field; performing deconvolution processing on ground seismic data acquired by well-ground combination according to deconvolution parameters extracted from well seismic data;
(l) Calculating and extracting anisotropic parameters of the underground stratum based on three-dimensional borehole seismic data or multi-azimuth Walkaway VSP or Walkeround VSP data or three-dimensional VSP data; carrying out velocity and anisotropic three-dimensional parameter combined modeling based on VSP well flooding parameter constraint; carrying out resolution-improving processing on well control ground seismic data by using the well seismic data parameters; according to the anisotropy parameters of the underground stratum accurately calculated and extracted from the borehole seismic data, performing anisotropic migration processing on the ground seismic data jointly acquired from the borehole and the ground;
(m) performing Q compensation or Q migration imaging processing on pre-stack gather data on ground seismic data jointly acquired from the well according to a stratum absorption attenuation parameter Q extracted from the well seismic data, wherein the Q migration imaging processing on the pre-stack gather data comprises Q-kirchhoff migration, Q-wave equation migration, Q-reverse time migration (Q-RTM) or least square Q-reverse time migration (Q-LSRTM);
(n), amplitude preservation and denoising, three-component rotation, TAR compensation, wavelet deconvolution, wave field separation, speed modeling, prestack gather optimization processing and amplitude preservation migration imaging processing are carried out on Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) data acquired in a well; VSP data amplitude-preserving migration imaging processing after pre-stack gather optimization processing comprises Q-kirchhoff migration, Q-wave equation migration, Q-reverse time migration (Q-RTM) or least square Q-reverse time migration (Q-LSRTM);
(o) performing inversion processing on the prestack gather data and the amplitude preservation offset imaging data subjected to gather optimization processing, extracting sensitive attribute parameters related to reservoir oil and gas resources, and finally performing fine description and evaluation on oil and gas distribution in the reservoir according to the sensitive attribute parameters to provide distribution characteristics and rules of original oil and gas or residual oil and gas in the reservoir around the well and provide reliable technical support for efficient low-cost optimization development of the oil and gas resources.
Claims (10)
1. The underground photoelectric composite cable is characterized by comprising an armored photoelectric composite cable (1), wherein the armored photoelectric composite cable (1) is internally provided with a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (2), two high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity underground multimode optical fibers (3) and a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array (4), the tail end of the armored photoelectric composite cable (1) is fixedly connected with a power traction device (6), the shallow part of the ground is provided with a horizontally-buried high-sensitivity ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (7) according to an orthogonal grid, the ground is provided with artificial seismic source excitation points (8) arranged according to an orthogonal grid, and the underground photoelectric composite cable further comprises a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation demodulation instrument (9) arranged near a wellhead;
six DAS signal ports of the DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (9) are connected with three optical fibers in the underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (2) and three optical fibers in the ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (7), two DTS signal ports of the DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (9) are connected with two underground multimode optical fibers (3), and a DPS signal input port of the DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (9) is connected with the head end of the underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array (4).
2. The downhole photoelectric composite cable with the power device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power traction device (6) is in a shape of a small torpedo, a propeller (5) is mounted at the tail of the power traction device, a motor in the power traction device (6) provides power for the propeller (5), and a power line (11) in the armored photoelectric composite cable (1) provides power for the motor in the power traction device (6) through an instrument vehicle at a wellhead.
3. The downhole photoelectric composite cable with the power device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the downhole three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (2) comprises three super bending-resistant rayleigh scattering enhancement type sensing optical fibers respectively wound on the seismic wave elastomer (13).
4. The downhole photoelectric composite cable with the power device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the downhole three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (2) is externally provided with at least one continuous metal thin tube for packaging, and the outermost layer is provided with armored steel wires.
5. The downhole photoelectric composite cable with the power device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tail end of the downhole three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (2) and the tail end of the ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (7) are respectively provided with an extinction device (10), the two downhole multimode optical fibers (3) are embedded in a seismic wave elastomer (13), the tail ends of the two downhole multimode optical fibers are welded together in a U-shaped manner (12) at the bottom of a well, and the two head ends are used for being connected to two DTS signal double-end signal input ports of a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (9).
6. The downhole optical-electrical composite cable with a power device according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber pressure sensors on the downhole quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array (4) are any one of the following: the fiber pressure sensor comprises a diaphragm type micro F-P cavity fiber pressure sensor, a corrugated diaphragm type fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor, a fiber grating pressure sensor and a composite Fabry-Perot cavity fiber pressure sensor; the optical fiber pressure sensors are distributed at equal intervals, and the interval is between 20 meters and 100 meters.
7. The downhole optoelectronic composite cable with its own power plant according to claim 1, wherein the spacing (7) between the adjacent surface three-component seismic wave elastomer-sensitized sensing cables is between 12.5 meters and 50 meters.
8. The downhole optical-electrical composite cable with a power device as claimed in claim 1, wherein there are three power lines (11) in the armored optical-electrical composite cable (1).
9. The downhole opto-electric composite cable with its own power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the artificial seismic source excitation point (8) is any of the following: the seismic source comprises an explosive source, a controllable seismic source, an air gun seismic source, a heavy hammer falling seismic source and an electric spark seismic source, wherein the distance between excitation points (8) of the adjacent artificial seismic sources is 25-100 meters.
10. A method of seismic data acquisition using a downhole opto-electric composite cable with its own power unit according to any of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
(a) the ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (7) which is horizontally arranged is embedded in the shallow part of the ground around the wellhead according to the orthogonal grids, and the artificial seismic source excitation points (8) are arranged according to the orthogonal grids;
(b) slowly lowering the power traction device (6) and the armored photoelectric composite cable (1) connected with the power traction device into a drilled well hole;
(c) when the power traction device (6) and the armored photoelectric composite cable (1) connected with the power traction device cannot be naturally placed to the bottom of a well by means of self weight in a large inclined well, a horizontal well or a high-specific-gravity mud well, a motor on the power traction device (6) is started from the ground control vehicle, the motor drives a propeller (5) to rotate, and the power traction device (6) pulls the armored photoelectric composite cable (1) to move to the bottom of the well;
(d) respectively connecting the head end of an underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (2), the head end of a ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (7) and two underground multimode optical fibers (3) in an armored photoelectric composite cable (1) to DAS and DTS signal input ends of a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (5) at a wellhead, and connecting the head end of an underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array (4) with a DPS signal input port of a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (9);
(e) sequentially exciting an artificial seismic source at the position of an artificial seismic source excitation point (8) distributed according to an orthogonal grid on the ground, and synchronously and jointly acquiring in-well and ground three-component seismic data excited by the artificial seismic source excitation point (8) by using an underground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (2) and a ground three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (7);
(f) sequentially exciting at the position of an excitation point (8) of an artificial seismic source, and acquiring three-component borehole earthquake, namely VSP-vertical seismic profile data, including zero-offset VSP, non-zero-offset VSP, Walkaway VSP, WalkaoundVSP, WalkanoveVSP or three-dimensional VSP data by using a borehole three-component seismic wave elastomer sensitization sensing optical cable (2);
(g) for an oil and gas production well, the noise and temperature data of each perforation point position and the reservoir pore fluid pressure measured by each pressure sensor position on an underground quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure sensor array (4) in real time are continuously measured by using an optical fiber in an armored photoelectric composite cable (1) which is lowered to the bottom of the well and a DAS/DTS/DPS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (9) which is connected with the optical fiber near the well head, the flow of oil, gas and water and the production profile change of the oil, gas and water of each underground oil and gas production well section are calculated by using a multi-parameter comprehensive inversion method, or the injection amount of each underground water injection or steam injection or carbon dioxide injection or polymer injection well section and the water absorption profile change of the underground water injection or steam injection or carbon dioxide injection or polymer injection well section are calculated, so that the development and production processes of the oil and gas wells and the real-time dynamic monitoring of the production change of well fluids are realized;
(h) after well-ground combined mining or borehole seismic data acquisition is finished, a winch on a ground control vehicle lifts up to recover the armored photoelectric composite cable (1), if the proportion of underground slurry is too large, the armored photoelectric composite cable (1) is adsorbed or the well is too deep and too long, and the ground winch is difficult to lift up or cannot lift up the armored photoelectric composite cable (1) to recover, a propeller (5) at the tail part of a power traction device (6) is started to rotate reversely, the armored photoelectric composite cable (1) is pushed upwards, and the armored photoelectric composite cable (1) is lifted out of a well mouth together with the ground winch;
(i) processing underground three-component seismic data and ground three-dimensional three-component seismic data acquired in underground and surrounding areas of a well, then calculating three-dimensional seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity data bodies by using a full-waveform inversion technology, and finally calibrating, adjusting and updating the three-dimensional seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity data bodies obtained through full-waveform inversion by using acoustic logging velocity data and VSP velocity data to obtain primary seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity fields of a stratum around the well;
(j) calculating and solving accurate average velocity value and stratum velocity value of the underground medium according to the first arrival travel time of seismic data acquired in the well and the distance between an artificial seismic source excitation point (8) and an underground wave detection point; removing multiple waves in the ground seismic data according to the depth position of the reflecting layer of the well seismic data, and calibrating the seismic geological reflecting layer of each ground seismic data;
(k) processing seismic data in the well and providing a stratum absorption attenuation parameter Q; according to a true amplitude recovery factor extracted from borehole seismic data, establishing a well control velocity field for the ground seismic data jointly collected from the borehole and the ground, and performing amplitude recovery processing based on the velocity field; performing deconvolution processing on ground seismic data acquired by well-ground combination according to deconvolution parameters extracted from well seismic data;
(l) Calculating and extracting anisotropic parameters of the underground stratum based on three-dimensional borehole seismic data or multi-azimuth Walkaway VSP or Walkeround VSP data or three-dimensional VSP data; carrying out velocity and anisotropic three-dimensional parameter combined modeling based on VSP well flooding parameter constraint; carrying out resolution-improving processing on well control ground seismic data by using the well seismic data parameters; according to the anisotropy parameters of the underground stratum accurately calculated and extracted from the borehole seismic data, performing anisotropic migration processing on the ground seismic data jointly acquired from the borehole and the ground;
(m) performing Q compensation or Q migration imaging processing on pre-stack gather data on ground seismic data acquired jointly from the well according to a stratum absorption attenuation parameter Q extracted from the well seismic data, wherein the Q migration imaging processing on the pre-stack gather data comprises Q-kirchhoff migration, Q-wave equation migration, Q-reverse time migration or least square Q-reverse time migration;
(n), amplitude preservation and denoising, three-component rotation, TAR compensation, wavelet deconvolution, wave field separation, speed modeling, prestack gather optimization processing and amplitude preservation migration imaging processing are carried out on vertical seismic section data acquired in a well; VSP data amplitude-preserving migration imaging processing after pre-stack gather optimization processing comprises Q-kirchhoff migration, Q-wave equation migration, Q-reverse time migration or least square Q-reverse time migration;
and (o) performing inversion processing on the prestack gather data and the amplitude preservation offset imaging data subjected to gather optimization processing, extracting sensitive attribute parameters related to reservoir oil and gas resources, and finally performing fine description and evaluation on oil and gas distribution in the reservoir according to the sensitive attribute parameters to provide distribution characteristics and rules of the original oil and gas or residual oil and gas in the reservoir around the well.
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