CN112099077A - Borehole seismic data acquisition device and method based on MEMS optical fiber detector - Google Patents
Borehole seismic data acquisition device and method based on MEMS optical fiber detector Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
- G01V1/181—Geophones
- G01V1/184—Multi-component geophones
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/003—Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/42—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators in one well and receivers elsewhere or vice versa
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Abstract
The invention discloses an in-well seismic data acquisition device and an acquisition method based on an MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) optical fiber detector, which comprises a ground artificial seismic source and a plurality of in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits, wherein the in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits are connected with a ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument through an armored photoelectric composite cable, the armored photoelectric composite cable controls the in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits at the depth position in a well, and DAS-VSP (data acquisition system-vertical seismic profile) data are synchronously acquired; a three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensor module and a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor are arranged in the well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and collecting short circuit. The invention has high sensitivity and very simple acquisition device, and the acquisition device is arranged in all high-temperature wells to acquire three-component seismic data or micro-seismic data in the high-quality well and synchronously acquire DAS-VSP data of the whole well section above the detector, thereby providing powerful technical support for the application of oil reservoir geophysical technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wellbore geophysical exploration, and particularly relates to an in-well seismic data acquisition device and an in-well seismic data acquisition method based on an MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) optical fiber detector.
Background
Borehole seismic techniques include Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP), interwell seismic, and borehole microseismic monitoring techniques. Vertical seismic profiling is one of the most direct, efficient and reliable geophysical exploration methods for exploring subsurface geological structures today. The basic principle and implementation method is that three-component geophones in a plurality of wells are placed at different depths in a well according to certain intervals, and single-point or multi-point seismic source excitation is carried out near the ground or a well head on the water surface or in the adjacent area of the ground or the well head on the water surface. Seismic waves generated by excitation propagate into the subsurface, and refraction and reflection are formed when the seismic waves encounter different geological interfaces. All seismic signals are received and recorded by receivers in the borehole as they pass by the receivers. The physical characteristics of rocks at different depths in the underground can be obtained by carrying out mathematical processing on the received seismic wave signals. If the number of the underground detectors and the ground seismic sources is enough, the geometrical position and the physical property of the underground geological interface in one dimension, two dimensions or three dimensions can be calculated. The advantage of this method is that the information obtained on the physical properties of the subsurface geological structure is detailed and accurate. Its disadvantage is that the well must be drilled and only the physical characteristics of the geological structure in the ground near the drilled well can be obtained.
The most widely used in the industry today is the acquisition of borehole seismic (VSP) data by conventional borehole three-component receivers. The three-component detector is a special detector used in multi-wave exploration. Unlike a single-component conventional geophone, each geophone incorporates three mutually perpendicular sensors to record the three components of the particle velocity vector for simultaneous recording of longitudinal, transverse, and converted waves. The conventional detector mainly comprises a shell, cylindrical magnetic steel, an annular spring piece, a coil and the like. The magnetic steel is vertically fixed in the center of the shell, and the coil is flexibly connected with the shell through the upper spring piece and the lower spring piece, so that the coil is arranged between the magnetic steel and the shell and can move up and down. When the seismic wave is transmitted to the earth surface observation point, the shell of the detector and the magnetic steel vibrate along with the shell of the detector, and the coil lags behind the magnetic steel due to inertia to form relative motion between the shell of the detector and the magnetic steel. In the movement, the coil cuts magnetic lines of force to generate induced electromotive force, current signals corresponding to the vibration period are output, and the signals can be amplified and recorded through a special instrument, so that the electromechanical conversion of converting ground vibration signals into electric vibration is realized, and seismic waves are picked up. The signal voltage output by such detectors is related to the displacement velocity of their vibrations and is therefore referred to as a velocity detector. The detector is characterized in that: its output voltage reflects the change rate of the casing displacement of the detector along with time, i.e. speed, and its performance indexes include natural frequency, sensitivity, coil self-flow resistance, damping, harmonic distortion and parasitic resonance. In practice, durability, size and shape are also considerations. Generally, there is little room for the user to choose as to the size and shape of the detector. The detector is generally selected to have high sensitivity (damping of about 0.6), low harmonic distortion, a spurious resonant frequency outside the recording frequency, and good durability. The spurious noise of detectors of different models is compared, and the detector with the natural frequency of 100Hz can eliminate low noise and widen the frequency band to about 650 Hz. In order to record the vibration signals sensed by the underground detector, circuit modules for amplifying analog signals output by the detector, filtering, denoising, analog-to-digital conversion, data storage, data transmission and the like are further arranged in the underground detector array, so that the underground seismic data acquired by the underground three-component detector array are transmitted to an acquisition control computer on an instrument vehicle beside a wellhead through an armored logging cable with the length of thousands of meters for storage. Due to the high-temperature and high-pressure operation environment of the deep well, the requirement that the underground three-component detector array can work stably and reliably for a long time in the underground is brought, and great difficulty is brought to the development of the underground three-component detector array. Electronic devices in the underground conventional three-component detector array are difficult to work for a long time in a high-temperature environment, in addition, the underground seismic data acquired by the underground three-component detector array are completely transmitted from the underground to the ground by an armored logging cable, and due to the limitation of long-distance (thousands of meters) cable data transmission, a large amount of underground data cannot be transmitted to the ground at a high speed. The above factors greatly limit the development and popularization of the downhole three-component detector array technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the conventional three-component geophone and a borehole seismic data acquisition instrument can not work in a high-temperature well for a long time and the bottleneck difficulty of limited data transmission capability of the current long-distance cable is solved, the invention provides a borehole seismic data acquisition device and an acquisition method based on an MEMS optical fiber geophone, which adopt a high-temperature resistant MEMS optical fiber geophone, a high-temperature resistant three-component optical fiber attitude sensor, a photoelectric composite cable, a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing (DAS) and optical fiber MEMS accelerometer composite modulation and demodulation instrument in an array three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring device in a borehole to realize the acquisition of three-component seismic data in a borehole in an ultra-deep ultra-high-temperature well, the DAS-VSP data acquisition of a full-well section above the three-component optical fiber geophone and the high-density high-frequency acquisition of a large amount of data from the borehole to the wellhead, the problem of the bottleneck that electronic devices in the conventional three-component detector of underground array are difficult to work for a long time in a high-temperature environment and large amounts of underground data are transmitted to the ground at a high speed is solved.
The invention also provides a device and a method for acquiring the borehole seismic data based on the MEMS optical fiber detector, which can acquire full wave field (three-component) seismic signals in the underground borehole and provide reference data for the subsequent interpretation and evaluation of reservoir parameters, the interpretation and evaluation of oil and gas in the stratum and the imaging of high-resolution geological structures around the borehole.
The optical fiber geophone has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide frequency band, good high-frequency response, flat frequency characteristic response, linear phase change, good technical parameter consistency, stable and reliable performance, underground passivity, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, and is the development direction of the geophone technology. Compared with the conventional detector, the optical fiber detector has higher sensitivity and better high-frequency response characteristic, and can realize multi-channel, large-data-volume and high-speed transmission. And because the front end does not have electronic components, the high-voltage-resistant cable has higher reliability, high temperature and high voltage resistance, does not need power supply, is waterproof and corrosion-resistant, can be laid for a long time, resists electromagnetic interference and has small channel crosstalk.
One of the technical schemes adopted by the invention is as follows:
borehole seismic data acquisition device based on MEMS optical fiber detector includes: the system comprises a ground artificial seismic source and a plurality of in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits, wherein the in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits are connected with a ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument near a well head through an armored photoelectric composite cable, the ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument is an optical fiber in-well seismic data acquisition control and distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing and optical fiber MEMS accelerometer composite modulation and demodulation instrument, and the armored photoelectric composite cable controls the in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits at the depth position in the well and is used for synchronously acquiring DAS-VSP data;
and a three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensor module and a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor are arranged in the well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and collecting short circuit.
The three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensor module comprises a plurality of optical fiber MEMS accelerometers, and the plurality of optical fiber MEMS accelerometers adopt a three-axis discrete structure.
Furthermore, the three-component fiber seismic signal sensor module comprises 6 or 12 fiber MEMS accelerometers, and each component direction is formed by stacking one pair or two pairs of fiber MEMS accelerometers in parallel.
The three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits in adjacent wells are connected through armored photoelectric composite cables, and the distance between the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits is 5-20 m.
Preferably, the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensor module is installed in the middle of a receiving and collecting short circuit of the three-component optical fiber seismic signal in the well, the optical fiber MEMS accelerometer is connected with the ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument through an armored photoelectric composite cable, and the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor is installed below the optical fiber MEMS accelerometer.
Furthermore, a pushing mechanism is arranged in the middle of the borehole three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and collecting short circuit, and the pushing mechanism is a pushing device or one of an arched spring piece and an electromagnet adsorption device; the pushing device is one of a mechanical pushing device, an electromechanical pushing device, an electromagnetic pushing device and a hydraulic pushing device; the pushing mechanism is used for receiving and acquiring three-component optical fiber seismic signals in a well to push or adsorb the short circuit on the inner wall of a downhole casing or a well wall; the pushing mechanism is connected with the armored photoelectric composite cable.
The invention also provides an acquisition method of the borehole seismic data acquisition device based on the MEMS optical fiber detector, which comprises the following steps:
a. the instrument vehicle stopped beside the wellhead puts the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit in the well down to the well bottom or a well section to be detected step by step, the ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument in the instrument vehicle starts each pushing mechanism through an armored photoelectric composite cable to tightly push or adsorb the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit in the well against the inner wall of the sleeve or the well wall, then the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit in the well is started to carry out instrument state self-inspection, and the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit in each stage of well is ensured to be well coupled with the inner wall of the sleeve or the well wall and work normally;
b. the ground artificial seismic source is sequentially excited point by point at seismic source points arranged around a well according to a construction plan, the three-component optical fiber seismic signal in the well is received and acquired and is short-circuited at the bottom of the well or a well section to be measured, the three-component well seismic data of a full wave field excited by the ground artificial seismic source are acquired point by point according to a certain point distance, and the armored photoelectric composite cable is used for synchronously acquiring the three-component optical fiber seismic signal in the well and receiving and acquiring DAS-VSP data of the full well section short-circuited above;
c. the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor synchronously acquires three-component optical fiber seismic signals in each level of well, receives and acquires three-component attitude and azimuth data which are short-circuited at a data acquisition position;
d. the borehole three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit transmits the three-component borehole seismic data acquired in the step b, the borehole three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit three-component attitude and azimuth data acquired in the step c, and DAS-VSP data of the whole borehole section above the three-component optical fiber detector to a ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument near a ground wellhead through an armored photoelectric composite cable, and then the data are modulated, demodulated and converted into borehole three-component seismic data of corresponding depth and DAS-VSP data of the whole borehole section above the three-component optical fiber detector;
e. receiving and acquiring three-component attitude and azimuth data short-circuited at a data acquisition position according to in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signals acquired by a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor, converting the downhole three-component seismic data with the corresponding depth in the step d into downhole three-component seismic data with the corresponding depth through rotating projection, three-component in-well seismic data in the vertical direction and two orthogonal horizontal directions parallel to the ground plane downhole, and DAS-VSP data in the vertical direction in the well of the whole well section above the three-component optical fiber detector;
f. e, converting the underground three-component seismic data with the corresponding depth in the step e to perform borehole seismic data processing, for example, picking up the first arrival time of the direct borehole seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave reaching each underground three-component optical fiber detector or each underground armored photoelectric composite cable from the ground seismic source excitation point, and then calculating the longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity of the underground medium according to the linear distance from the ground seismic source excitation point to each detector; through further borehole seismic data processing, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio, longitudinal and transverse wave impedance, longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropy coefficients, longitudinal and transverse wave attenuation coefficients, longitudinal and transverse wave elastic parameters, longitudinal and transverse wave viscoelasticity parameters, seismic attribute data, high-resolution geological structure imaging around a well, deconvolution operators, well-controlled velocity modeling, stratum division, tomography and full waveform inversion imaging are obtained, static correction processing, high-frequency recovery, multiple wave elimination and deconvolution processing are carried out on ground seismic data, an optimal longitudinal and transverse wave velocity model is established according to the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity data, the longitudinal and transverse wave tomography data and the full waveform inversion imaging data in the well, then longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropy migration, longitudinal and transverse wave Q compensation or longitudinal and transverse wave Q migration is carried out, and the processing precision and quality of the ground seismic data are improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a high-temperature-resistant MEMS-based optical fiber detector, a high-temperature-resistant three-component optical fiber attitude sensor, a photoelectric composite cable, optical fiber borehole seismic data acquisition control near a wellhead and a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing (DAS) and optical fiber MEMS accelerometer composite modulation and demodulation instrument in an in-borehole array type optical fiber three-component seismic signal receiving and acquiring device, so as to realize the acquisition of three-component seismic data in a borehole in an ultra-deep ultra-high temperature borehole, the DAS-VSP data acquisition of a whole borehole section above the three-component optical fiber detector and the high-speed transmission of a large amount of data acquired at high density and high frequency from the borehole to the wellhead, and solve the bottleneck problems that an electronic device in an underground conventional three-component detector array is difficult to work for a long time in a high-temperature environment and the large amount of data in the borehole are. The optical fiber geophone has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide frequency band, good high-frequency response, flat frequency characteristic response, linear phase change, good technical parameter consistency, stable and reliable performance, underground passivity, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, and is the development direction of the geophone technology. Compared with the conventional detector, the optical fiber detector has higher sensitivity and better high-frequency response characteristic, and can realize multi-channel, large-data-volume and high-speed transmission. And because the front end does not have electronic components, the high-voltage-resistant cable has higher reliability, high temperature and high voltage resistance, does not need power supply, is waterproof and corrosion-resistant, can be laid for a long time, resists electromagnetic interference and has small channel crosstalk. The invention can also obtain the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity, the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio, the longitudinal and transverse wave impedance, the longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropy coefficient, the longitudinal and transverse wave attenuation coefficient, the longitudinal and transverse wave elastic parameter, the longitudinal and transverse wave viscoelasticity parameter, the seismic attribute data and the high-resolution geological structure imaging around the well of the underground medium.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-component fiber optic seismic signal sensor module of the present invention comprising 6 MEMS fiber optic accelerometers;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-component fiber optic seismic signal sensor module of the present invention, which is composed of 12 MEMS fiber optic accelerometers.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical contents of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the borehole seismic data acquisition device based on the MEMS fiber detector comprises: the system comprises a ground artificial seismic source and a plurality of in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits 1, wherein the in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits 1 are connected with a ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument 11 near a well head through an armored photoelectric composite cable 2, the ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument 11 is an optical fiber in-well seismic data acquisition control and distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing and optical fiber MEMS accelerometer composite modulation and demodulation instrument, the armored photoelectric composite cable 2 controls the depth position of the in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits 1, and DAS-VSP data are synchronously acquired;
the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and collecting short circuit 1 in the well is internally provided with a three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensor module 5 and a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor 6.
The three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits 1 in adjacent wells are connected through armored photoelectric composite cables 2, and the distance is 5-20 m.
The middle part of the borehole three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit 1 is provided with a pushing mechanism, and the pushing mechanism is a pushing device 7 or one of an arched spring piece 8 and an electromagnet adsorption device 9; the pushing device 7 is one of a mechanical pushing device, an electromechanical pushing device, an electromagnetic pushing device and a hydraulic pushing device; the pushing device 7 is used for pushing the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit 1 in the well against the inner wall of the underground casing 10 or the wall of the well; the tight mechanical adherence and good wave impedance coupling of the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and collecting short circuit 1 in the well and the inner wall of the underground casing 10 or the well wall are ensured; the pushing mechanism is connected with the armored photoelectric composite cable 2.
As shown in figure 2, the pushing mechanism adopts an arched spring piece 8 made of stainless steel to push the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit 1 in the well against the inner wall of the underground casing 10. The tight mechanical adherence and good wave impedance coupling of the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit 1 in the well and the inner wall of the underground casing 10 or the well wall are ensured.
As shown in figure 3, the pushing mechanism adopts two electromagnets 9 fixed at two ends of a three-component optical fiber seismic data acquisition pup joint 1 to adsorb the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving acquisition pup joint 1 in a well to the inner wall of a downhole casing 10. The tight mechanical adherence and good wave impedance coupling of the borehole three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving acquisition short circuit 1 and the inner wall of the borehole casing 10 are ensured.
The three-component fiber seismic signal sensor module 5 comprises a plurality of fiber MEMS accelerometers 4, and the plurality of fiber MEMS accelerometers 4 adopt a three-axis discrete structure. The three-component fiber seismic signal sensor module 5 comprises 6 or 12 fiber MEMS accelerometers 4, each component direction is formed by stacking one or two pairs of fiber MEMS accelerometers 4 in parallel, and the sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensors in each component direction are improved.
The three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensor module 5 is installed in the middle of a three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and collecting short circuit 1 in a well, the optical fiber MEMS accelerometer 4 is connected with a ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument 11 through an armored photoelectric composite cable 2, and a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor 6 is installed below the optical fiber MEMS accelerometer 4.
The three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensor module 5 is composed of three or six pairs of optical fiber MEMS accelerometers 4 according to an orthogonal structure, the optical fiber MEMS accelerometer is a single-component broadband acceleration sensor, an acceleration detection mass block, an elastic supporting body, an optical reflection micro mirror, a light incidence and emission waveguide are directly integrated on a tiny chip by adopting a micro/nano processing technology (micro/nano technology) newly developed in the 21 st century, and the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensor module has the advantages of flat frequency characteristic response, linear phase change, good technical parameter consistency, stable and reliable performance, no power and electricity, electromagnetic interference resistance, small size, capability of realizing long-distance optical signal transmission and the like.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the three-component fiber optic seismic signal sensor module 5 of the present invention, which is composed of 6 fiber optic MEMS accelerometers 4. Every two (a pair of) fiber MEMS accelerometers 4 are attached together in a face-to-face manner and are connected in parallel to form a single-component fiber detector. The three fiber MEMS accelerometers 4 are arranged from top to bottom in sequence, the topmost fiber MEMS accelerometer 4 is installed on the position for measuring the horizontal seismic wave component in the just east-west direction, the middle fiber MEMS accelerometer 4 is installed on the position for measuring the seismic wave component in the vertical direction, and the bottommost fiber MEMS accelerometer 4 is installed on the position for measuring the horizontal seismic wave component in the just north-south direction. The three fiber MEMS accelerometers 4 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in the mutually orthogonal directions form the three-component fiber seismic signal sensor module 5.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the three-component fiber optic seismic signal sensor module 5 of the present invention, which is composed of 12 fiber optic MEMS accelerometers 4. Every two (a pair of) fiber MEMS accelerometers 4 are attached together in a face-to-face manner and are connected in parallel to form a single-component fiber detector. Six pairs of optical fiber MEMS accelerometers 4 are fixedly installed in a mutually orthogonal hexahedron mode, two pairs of optical fiber MEMS accelerometers 4 in each component direction measure seismic wave components in the direction, and the signal-to-noise ratio of each component signal can be directly improved through equidirectional superposition. Six pairs of optical fiber MEMS accelerometers 4 which are fixedly arranged according to mutually orthogonal hexahedrons form the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensor module 5.
The working principle of the borehole seismic data acquisition device based on the MEMS optical fiber detector is as follows: the multi-wavelength modulation laser emitted from the light source light modulation system is transmitted to an underground optical fiber MEMS accelerometer 4 through a multi-core optical fiber in the armored photoelectric composite cable 2, and the optical fiber MEMS accelerometer 4 loads a vibration acceleration signal transmitted by a ground seismic source at a spatial position point in which the multi-wavelength modulation laser is positioned into a corresponding laser carrier signal in an optical phase modulation mode. And all the optical signals are transmitted to a ground photoelectric receiving system through an uploading optical fiber of the armored photoelectric composite cable 2, and a plurality of paths of digital carrier detection signals with optical modulation are obtained through photoelectric conversion amplification and AD conversion. And restoring each path of high-fidelity three-component earthquake detection digital signals through optical modulation and demodulation.
The method comprises the steps of performing borehole seismic data processing on the obtained underground three-component seismic data to obtain longitudinal and transverse wave velocities, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratios, longitudinal and transverse wave impedances, longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropy coefficients, longitudinal and transverse wave attenuation coefficients, longitudinal and transverse wave elastic parameters, longitudinal and transverse wave viscoelasticity parameters, seismic attribute data and high-resolution geological structure imaging around a well of an underground medium, obtaining a deconvolution operator, performing well control velocity modeling, stratigraphic division and tomography, performing static correction processing, high-frequency recovery, multiple wave elimination, deconvolution processing, longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropic migration and longitudinal and transverse wave Q compensation or longitudinal and transverse wave Q migration on the ground seismic data, improving the processing precision and quality of the ground seismic data, and realizing high-resolution geological structure imaging around the well and comprehensive evaluation on a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir.
Specifically, the acquisition method of the borehole seismic data acquisition device based on the MEMS optical fiber detector comprises the following steps:
a. an instrument vehicle stopped beside a wellhead lowers a three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit 1 in a well to the bottom of the well or a well section to be detected step by step, a ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument 11 in the instrument vehicle starts each pushing mechanism through an armored photoelectric composite cable 2 to tightly push or adsorb the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit 1 in the well to the inner wall of a casing 10 or the wall of the well, then the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit 1 in the well is started to carry out instrument state self-inspection, and the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit 1 in each stage of the well is ensured to have good pushing or adsorption coupling with the inner wall of the casing 10 or the wall of the well and;
b. the ground artificial seismic source is sequentially excited point by point at seismic source points arranged around a well according to a construction plan, the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit 1 in the well is used for acquiring seismic data in a full-wave field, excited by the ground artificial seismic source, point by point at a well bottom or a well section to be detected according to a certain point distance, and the armored photoelectric composite cable 2 is used for synchronously acquiring the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring DAS-VSP data of the full-well section above the short circuit 1;
c. the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor 6 synchronously acquires three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring data of the three-component attitude and the azimuth of the short circuit 1 at the data acquisition position in each level of well;
d. the borehole three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit 1 transmits the three-component borehole seismic data acquired in the step b, the borehole three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring three-component attitude and azimuth data of the short circuit 1 and DAS-VSP data of the whole borehole section above the three-component optical fiber detector acquired in the step c to a ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument 11 near a ground wellhead through an armored photoelectric composite cable 2, and then the data are modulated, demodulated and converted into borehole three-component seismic data of corresponding depth and DAS-VSP data of the whole borehole section above the three-component optical fiber detector;
e. receiving and acquiring three-component attitude and azimuth data of the short circuit 1 at a data acquisition position according to three-component optical fiber seismic signals in the well acquired by the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor 6, converting the underground three-component seismic data with the corresponding depth in the step d into underground three-component seismic data with the corresponding depth through rotating projection, underground three-component well seismic data in the vertical direction and two orthogonal horizontal directions parallel to the ground plane, and DAS-VSP data in the vertical direction in the well of the whole well section above the three-component optical fiber detector;
f. e, converting the underground three-component seismic data converted in the step e into corresponding depths to perform borehole seismic data processing, for example, picking up the first arrival time of the direct borehole seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave reaching each underground three-component optical fiber detector or each underground armored photoelectric composite cable from the ground seismic source excitation point, and then calculating the longitudinal and transverse wave speeds of the underground medium according to the linear distance from the ground seismic source excitation point to each detector; through further borehole seismic data processing, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio, longitudinal and transverse wave impedance, longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropy coefficients, longitudinal and transverse wave attenuation coefficients, longitudinal and transverse wave elastic parameters, longitudinal and transverse wave viscoelasticity parameters, seismic attribute data, high-resolution geological structure imaging around a well, deconvolution operators, well-controlled velocity modeling, stratum division, tomography and full waveform inversion imaging are obtained, static correction processing, high-frequency recovery, multiple wave elimination and deconvolution processing are carried out on ground seismic data, an optimal longitudinal and transverse wave velocity model is established according to the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity data, the longitudinal and transverse wave tomography data and the full waveform inversion imaging data in the well, then longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropy migration, longitudinal and transverse wave Q compensation or longitudinal and transverse wave Q migration is carried out, and the processing precision and quality of the ground seismic data are improved.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. Borehole seismic data collection system based on MEMS optical fiber detector, its characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the system comprises a ground artificial seismic source and a plurality of in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits (1), wherein the in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits (1) are connected with a ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument (11) near a well head through an armored photoelectric composite cable (2), the ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument (11) is an optical fiber three-component seismic data acquisition control and distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing and optical fiber MEMS accelerometer composite modulation and demodulation instrument, and the armored photoelectric composite cable (2) controls the depth position of the in-well three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuits (1) and is used for synchronously acquiring DAS-VSP data;
the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and collecting short circuit (1) in the well is internally provided with a three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensor module (5) and a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor (6).
2. The MEMS fiber-optic geophone-based borehole seismic data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein: the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensor module (5) comprises a plurality of optical fiber MEMS accelerometers (4), and the plurality of optical fiber MEMS accelerometers (4) adopt a three-axis discrete structure.
3. The MEMS fiber-optic geophone-based borehole seismic data acquisition device of claim 2, wherein: the three-component fiber seismic signal sensor module (5) comprises 6 or 12 fiber MEMS accelerometers (4), and each component direction is formed by stacking one pair or two pairs of fiber MEMS accelerometers (4) in parallel.
4. The MEMS fiber-optic geophone-based borehole seismic data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein: the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and collecting short circuits (1) in the adjacent wells are connected through armored photoelectric composite cables (2), and the distance is 5-20 m.
5. The MEMS fiber-optic geophone-based borehole seismic data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein: the device is characterized in that the three-component optical fiber seismic signal sensor module (5) is installed in the middle of the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and collecting short circuit (1) in the well, the optical fiber MEMS accelerometer (4) is connected with the ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument (11) through the armored photoelectric composite cable (2), and the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor (6) is installed below the optical fiber MEMS accelerometer (4).
6. The MEMS fiber-optic geophone-based borehole seismic data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein: the middle part of the borehole three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and collecting short circuit (1) is provided with a pushing mechanism, and the pushing mechanism is a pushing device (7) or one of an arched spring piece (8) and an electromagnet adsorption device (9); the pushing device (7) is one of a mechanical pushing device, an electromechanical pushing device, an electromagnetic pushing device and a hydraulic pushing device; the pushing mechanism is used for pushing the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit (1) in the well against or attached to the inner wall of the underground casing (10) or the wall of the well; the pushing mechanism is connected with the armored photoelectric composite cable (2).
7. A method of acquiring a MEMS fiber optic geophone based borehole seismic data acquisition unit according to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
a. an instrument vehicle stopped beside a wellhead lowers a three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit (1) in a well to the bottom of the well or a well section to be detected step by step, a ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument (11) in the instrument vehicle starts each pushing mechanism through an armored photoelectric composite cable (2) to tightly push the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit (1) in the well against or adsorb the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit on the inner wall of a casing (10) or a well wall, then the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit (1) in the well is started to carry out instrument state self-check, and the three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit (1) in each stage of wells are ensured to have good pushing coupling with the inner wall of;
b. the ground artificial seismic source is sequentially excited point by point at seismic source points arranged around a well according to a construction plan, the three-component optical fiber seismic signal in the well receives and acquires seismic data in a full wave field, which is excited by the ground artificial seismic source, point by point at a well bottom or a well section to be detected according to a certain point distance, and the armored photoelectric composite cable (2) synchronously acquires the three-component optical fiber seismic signal in the well and receives and acquires DAS-VSP data of the whole well section above the short circuit (1);
c. the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor (6) synchronously acquires three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring data of the three-component attitude and the azimuth of the short circuit (1) at the data acquisition position in each level of well;
d. the borehole three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit (1) transmits the three-component borehole seismic data acquired in the step b, the three-component attitude and azimuth data of the borehole three-component optical fiber seismic signal receiving and acquiring short circuit (1) acquired in the step c, and the DAS-VSP data of the whole borehole section above the three-component optical fiber detector to a ground composite modulation and demodulation instrument (11) near a ground wellhead through an armored photoelectric composite cable (2), and then the DAS-VSP data are converted into the borehole three-component seismic data with corresponding depths and the DAS-VSP data of the whole borehole section above the three-component optical fiber detector through modulation and demodulation;
e. receiving and acquiring three-component attitude and azimuth data of the short circuit (1) at a data acquisition position according to three-component optical fiber seismic signals in the well acquired by the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor (6), converting the downhole three-component seismic data with the corresponding depth in the step d into downhole three-component seismic data with the corresponding depth through rotating projection, three-component downhole seismic data in the vertical direction and two orthogonal horizontal directions parallel to the ground plane, and DAS-VSP data in the vertical direction in the well of the whole well section above the three-component optical fiber detector;
f. e, converting the underground three-component seismic data with the corresponding depth in the step e to perform borehole seismic data processing, for example, picking up the first arrival time of the direct borehole seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave reaching each underground three-component optical fiber detector or each underground armored photoelectric composite cable from the ground seismic source excitation point, and then calculating the longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity of the underground medium according to the linear distance from the ground seismic source excitation point to each detector; through further borehole seismic data processing, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio, longitudinal and transverse wave impedance, longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropy coefficients, longitudinal and transverse wave attenuation coefficients, longitudinal and transverse wave elastic parameters, longitudinal and transverse wave viscoelasticity parameters, seismic attribute data, high-resolution geological structure imaging around a well, deconvolution operators, well-controlled velocity modeling, stratum division, tomography and full waveform inversion imaging are obtained, static correction processing, high-frequency recovery, multiple wave elimination and deconvolution processing are carried out on ground seismic data, and longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropy migration, longitudinal and transverse wave Q compensation or longitudinal and transverse wave Q migration are respectively carried out according to an optimal longitudinal and transverse wave velocity model established by the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity data, the longitudinal and transverse wave tomography data and the full waveform inversion imaging data in the well, so that the processing precision and quality of the ground seismic data are improved.
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