CN111239798A - Optical fiber acoustic sensing well-ground seismic data combined acquisition system and well-drive data processing method - Google Patents
Optical fiber acoustic sensing well-ground seismic data combined acquisition system and well-drive data processing method Download PDFInfo
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- G01V1/01—
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
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- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
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- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/42—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators in one well and receivers elsewhere or vice versa
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing-based well-ground seismic data combined acquisition system and a well-drive data processing method, which aim to solve the problems of inconsistent energy, inconsistent frequency spectrum and inconsistent coupling between a seismic source and the ground caused by repeated excitation of each seismic source point when well seismic data and ground seismic data are acquired respectively in the prior art; the invention is based on the well-ground seismic data combined three-dimensional acquisition system composed of the well distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing seismic data acquisition unit and the ground seismic data acquisition unit, and performs well-ground combined three-dimensional exploration and synchronous acquisition of ground and well seismic data, thereby realizing a well-ground combined three-dimensional seismic exploration technology with high density, high benefit, high resolution and low cost, and performing oil and gas resource exploration and comprehensive evaluation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of geophysical exploration, geophysical exploration technology and seismic exploration, and particularly relates to a borehole-ground seismic data combined acquisition system and a borehole-drive data processing method based on an in-borehole distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing technology.
Background
Seismic waves (Seismic Wave) are vibrations that propagate from a Seismic source to four locations, and refer to elastic waves that radiate from the Seismic source to the surroundings. The wave propagation method can be divided into three types, namely longitudinal waves (P waves), transverse waves (S waves) (both the longitudinal waves and the transverse waves belong to body waves) and surface waves (L waves). When an earthquake occurs, the medium in the earthquake source area is subjected to rapid rupture and movement, and the disturbance forms a wave source. Due to the continuity of the earth's medium, this wave propagates into the earth and everywhere on the surface, forming an elastic wave in the continuous medium. The propagation velocities of seismic waves vary from one propagation medium to another, and are generally related to rock type, confining pressure, rock structure, and other geological factors.
Seismic exploration refers to a geophysical exploration method for deducing the properties and forms of underground rock strata by observing and analyzing the propagation rule of seismic waves generated by artificial earthquake in the underground by utilizing the difference between the elasticity and the density of underground media caused by artificial excitation. Seismic exploration is the most important method in geophysical exploration and is the most effective method for solving the problem of oil and gas exploration. It is an important means for surveying petroleum and natural gas resources before drilling, and is widely applied to the aspects of coal field and engineering geological exploration, regional geological research, crust research and the like.
Seismic exploration is characterized in that the earth crust vibration (such as detonator or explosive explosion, heavy hammer falling or knocking, electric spark or piezoelectric crystal or air gun seismic source excitation in water or a well and controllable seismic source vibration) is caused by a manual method, the vibration information of each receiving point on the ground after explosion is recorded by a precision instrument according to a certain observation mode, and the characteristics of the underground geological structure are deduced by using result data obtained after a series of processing treatment on the original recorded information. The seismic waves are excited artificially on the earth surface, and when the waves propagate underground, the waves are reflected and refracted when encountering rock stratum interfaces with different medium properties, and the waves are received by a detector on the earth surface or in a well. The received seismic signals are related to the seismic source characteristics, the location of the geophone points, and the nature and structure of the subterranean strata through which the seismic waves pass. By processing and interpreting seismic wave recordings, the nature and morphology of the subterranean formation can be inferred.
In the processing and interpretation of seismic data acquired from seismic surveys, it is one of the essential and very important steps to calculate the velocity of various seismic waves propagating in the formation and the elastic or viscoelastic parameters of the subsurface medium (formation or rock formation). If the seismic wave velocity of the subsurface formations and the elastic or viscoelastic parameters of the subsurface medium (formation or rock) cannot be accurately obtained, subsequent processing and interpretation of the seismic data may be very disadvantageous or impossible. Therefore, accurate measurement and calculation of seismic wave velocity of subsurface formations and elastic or viscoelastic parameters of the subsurface medium (formation or rock formation) is one of the primary tasks for seismic data processing interpretation.
The existing ground and well seismic data acquisition system uses a universal moving-coil or digital ground single-component or three-component detector and a moving-coil three-component detector array in a well to perform well-to-ground combined stereo synchronous acquisition of ground and well seismic data. Because the existing moving coil type three-component detector in the well is heavy in weight and high in cost, a logging cable can put 100-grade moving coil type three-component detectors in the well at most once, seismic data in a full well section with the depth of thousands of meters needs to be collected and moved or lifted up to the moving coil type three-component detector array in the well for a plurality of times, and all points of a ground artificially-excited seismic source (explosive or a heavy hammer or an electric spark or an air gun or a piezoelectric crystal or a controllable seismic source) need to be excited once again when the moving coil type three-component detector array in the well is lifted once, so that the cost of the seismic data collected in a well-ground combined three-dimensional mode is extremely high, the repeated excitation of each seismic source point hardly ensures the energy consistency of each excitation, the frequency spectrum consistency, and the coupling of the seismic source and the ground is also completely consistent. For the above well-known reasons, the operation of performing well-ground combined stereo synchronous acquisition of ground and borehole seismic data by using a general moving-coil or digital ground single-component or three-component detector and a moving-coil three-component detector array in a well is difficult to popularize and apply.
The borehole-ground seismic combined three-dimensional exploration technology is used as a novel seismic exploration method formed by combining ground seismic exploration and borehole seismic exploration technologies, the combination of borehole and ground seismic data acquisition is realized, and the purposes of synchronous acquisition and synchronous processing can be achieved, so that the imaging precision of an exploration area is improved, and the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of target layer reflection are improved. The method is beneficial to identifying special geologic bodies, finely developing reservoir prediction and evaluation and researching sand bodies and lithologic traps; the method is a novel seismic exploration technology for finely researching the structure of the surrounding stratum beside a well, the change characteristics of a reservoir and an oil layer.
Known techniques exist, for example: united borehole-surface seismic exploration solutions are disclosed in patent application nos. 201611224463.1, 201810499456.5, 201710747770.6, 201410140366.9, 200710141556.2, 201711453533.5, 200810138351.3, 201110436378.2, 200820026051.1, 201010134001.7, 201510673600.9, 201420694552.2, 201811088989.0, 201280044880.1, 201711066824.9, 201511001188.2, 201280061525.5, but still exist: the borehole seismic data of the whole borehole section can be acquired only by moving or lifting the three-component detector array in the borehole for a plurality of times, all artificially-excited seismic sources (explosives, heavy hammers, electric sparks, piezoelectric crystals, air guns or controllable seismic sources) on the ground need to be repeatedly excited every time the three-component detector array in the borehole is lifted once, the repeatedly-excited energy of each seismic source point is inconsistent, the frequency spectrum is inconsistent, and the coupling between the seismic sources and the ground is also not completely consistent, and the subsequent ground seismic data processing and imaging precision can be affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a well-ground seismic data combined acquisition system and a well-flooding data processing method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing, which realize a well-ground combined three-dimensional seismic exploration technology with high density, high benefit, high resolution and low cost by well-ground combined three-dimensional exploration and synchronous acquisition of ground and well-ground seismic data, and perform oil-gas resource exploration and comprehensive evaluation.
One of the technical schemes adopted by the invention is as follows: based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing well ground seismic data allies oneself with adopts system, includes: the system comprises a well 11, an underground distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable 12, a ground wired detector 13, an artificial seismic source excitation point 14, a cable 15 and a ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 16, wherein the underground distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable 12, the artificial seismic source excitation point 14, the cable 15 and the ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 16 are arranged along the whole well section, the ground wired detector 13 is connected with the cable 15, the underground distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable 12 and the ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 16 are arranged along the whole well section and synchronously and simultaneously acquire and record seismic data.
The cable 15 is replaced with an armored optical electrical composite cable.
The ground detector 13 is: the detector comprises one of a wired single-component or three-component moving coil detector, a wired single-component or three-component digital detector, a wired single-component or three-component acceleration detector, a wired single-component or three-component optical fiber detector, a wireless single-component or three-component moving coil detector, a wireless single-component or three-component digital detector, a wireless single-component or three-component acceleration detector and a wireless single-component or three-component optical fiber detector.
The artificial seismic source excitation point 14 is: one of a ground explosive source, a heavy hammer source, an electric spark source, a piezoelectric crystal source, an air gun source and a controllable source.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing well ground seismic data allies oneself with adopts system, includes: the seismic data acquisition system comprises a well drilling 21, a full-well section borehole three-component detector 22, a ground wired detector 23, an artificial seismic source excitation point 24, a cable 25 and a ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 26, wherein the ground wired detector 23 is connected with the cable 25, the full-well section borehole detector 22 is connected with the ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 26 through an armored logging cable, and the ground wired detector 23, the full-well section borehole detector 22 and the ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 26 synchronously and simultaneously acquire and record seismic data.
The third technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing well ground seismic data allies oneself with adopts system, includes: the seismic data acquisition system comprises a well 31, a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable 32 in the whole well section well, a ground wireless detector 33, an artificial seismic source excitation point 34 and a well seismic data acquisition vehicle 35, wherein the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable 32 in the whole well section well is connected with the well seismic data acquisition vehicle 35, and the ground wireless detector 33, the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable 32 in the whole well section well and the well seismic data acquisition vehicle 35 synchronously and simultaneously acquire and record seismic data.
The fourth technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing well ground seismic data allies oneself with adopts system, includes: the seismic data acquisition system comprises a well 41, a full-well section borehole three-component detector 42, a ground wireless detector 43, an artificial seismic source excitation point 44 and a borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 45, wherein the full-well section borehole detector 42 is connected with the borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 45, and the ground wireless detector 43, the full-well section borehole detector 42 and the borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 45 synchronously and simultaneously acquire and record seismic data.
The fifth technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a ground three-dimensional seismic data well-drive processing method acquired by the system comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating and solving average velocity value and interval velocity data according to the first arrival travel time of seismic data collected in a well and the distance between a ground seismic source point and an underground detection point,
(2) removing multiples of the ground seismic data according to the depth position of the reflecting layer of the well seismic data, and calibrating the seismic geological reflecting layer of each ground seismic data;
(3) processing seismic data in a well, and providing a stratum absorption attenuation parameter Q;
(4) according to a true amplitude recovery factor extracted from borehole seismic data, establishing a well control velocity field for the ground seismic data jointly collected from the borehole and the ground, and performing amplitude recovery processing based on the velocity field;
(5) performing deconvolution processing on ground seismic data acquired by well-ground combination according to deconvolution parameters extracted from well seismic data;
(6) calculating and extracting anisotropy parameters of the underground stratum based on three-dimensional borehole seismic data or multi-azimuth walk VSP (Vertical seismic profiling) data or walk around VSP data;
(7) carrying out velocity and anisotropic three-dimensional parameter combined modeling based on VSP well flooding parameter constraint;
(8) carrying out resolution-improving processing on well control ground seismic data by using the well seismic data parameters;
(9) according to the anisotropy parameters of the underground stratum accurately calculated and extracted from the borehole seismic data, performing anisotropic migration processing on the ground seismic data jointly acquired from the borehole and the ground;
(10) and performing Q compensation or Q migration processing on pre-stack gather data on the ground seismic data acquired by the borehole-ground combination according to the stratum absorption attenuation parameter Q extracted from the borehole seismic data.
The speed data in step (1) includes: the average velocity from the surface to the depth position of the downhole geophone point and the zonal velocity of the formation between the downhole adjacent geophone points.
The calculation formula of the true amplitude recovery factor in the step (4) is as follows:
where COEF (t) represents the true amplitude recovery factor, v0Is the initial velocity or water layer velocity, v is the root mean square velocity, and t is the sampling point time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention uses wired or wireless node type single-component or three-component detectors arranged on the ground and seismic source signals uniformly or non-uniformly arranged on the ground, and uses a conventional seismic data recording instrument and a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing (DAS) modulation and demodulation system to synchronously acquire ground three-dimensional seismic data and borehole seismic data along an underground distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable at high speed, high efficiency and low cost. The invention can realize the well-ground combined three-dimensional seismic exploration with high density, high efficiency, high resolution and low cost. The well seismic data processing result can extract wavelets, identify multiples, obtain the average and interlayer longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity of the stratum, solve the velocity anisotropy of the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity in different directions, calculate the attenuation coefficient (characteristics) of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave in the underground medium, then finely and accurately establish a two-dimensional or three-dimensional seismic wave velocity model of the underground medium around the well and a two-dimensional or three-dimensional elastic or viscoelastic parameter model of the underground medium, perform static correction processing, multiple wave removal processing and amplitude recovery processing on three-dimensional ground seismic data, subsequently perform resolution enhancement processing on the three-dimensional ground seismic data, perform anisotropic migration imaging and Q compensation or Q migration imaging on prestack gather data, and perform fine exploration and comprehensive evaluation on oil and gas resources through a comprehensive interpretation technology.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seismic data acquisition system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a seismic data acquisition system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a seismic data acquisition system according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a seismic data acquisition system according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 11-drilling a well; 12-a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable in the whole well section well; 13-a ground wired single-component or three-component moving-coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector; 14-ground explosive source or heavy hammer source or electric spark source or piezoelectric crystal source or air gun source or controllable source; 15-the detector is connected with a cable or an optical fiber detector is connected with an armored optical cable, and 16-a ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle; 21-drilling a well; 22-three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector array in the whole well section well; 23-a ground single-component or three-component moving-coil or digital or acceleration or fiber detector; 24-a ground explosive source or a heavy hammer source or an electric spark source or a piezoelectric crystal source or an air gun source or a controllable source; 25-a detector connecting cable or an optical fiber detector is connected with an armored optical cable, and 26-a ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle; 31-drilling a well; 32-a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable in the whole well section well; 33-ground wireless single-component or three-component moving-coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector; 34-a ground explosive source or a heavy hammer source or an electric spark source or a piezoelectric crystal source or an air gun source or a controllable source; 35-borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle; 41-drilling a well; 42-three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector array in the whole well section well; 43-ground wireless single-component or three-component moving-coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector; 44-ground explosive source or heavy hammer source or electric spark source or piezoelectric crystal source or air gun source or controllable source; 45-borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical contents of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an in-well distributed fiber optic acoustic sensing armored cable and surface wired seismic data acquisition system to which the present invention is directed. The in-well-ground combined distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing seismic data acquisition system is composed of a well 11 shown in figure 1, a distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing armored optical cable 12 in a full-well section well, a ground wired single-component or three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector 13, a ground explosive source or heavy hammer source or electric spark source or piezoelectric crystal source or air gun source or controllable source 14, a detector connecting cable or armored optical cable 15 and a ground seismic and in-well seismic data acquisition vehicle 16. The recording instruments used by the underground distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable and the ground single-component or three-component optical fiber geophone 13 are phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometers (phi-OTDRs) and are arranged in a ground seismic and underground seismic data acquisition vehicle 16.
When the in-well-ground combined three-dimensional seismic data acquisition operation is carried out, firstly, the in-well distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable 12 is arranged along the whole well section in the well 11, a wire single-component or three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber wave detector 13 is arranged on the ground according to a pre-designed measuring network, then an explosive source or a heavy hammer source or an electric spark source or a piezoelectric crystal source or an air gun source or a controllable source 14 is arranged at the position of a pre-designed seismic source, and finally, an artificial seismic source excitation point 14 which is pre-designed along the ground is excited point by point and is connected with a cable or an armored cable 15 through a detector 13 which is arranged on a construction site, and a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored cable 12 in the well and a ground seismic and in-well seismic data acquisition vehicle 16 are arranged along the whole well section to synchronously acquire and record ground and in-well seismic data simultaneously, so that in-well-ground combined three-dimensional seismic exploration is realized.
The borehole seismic data acquisition system consists of a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable distributed along the whole borehole section or a borehole three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector array 12 distributed along the whole borehole section and a ground borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 16, the ground seismic data acquisition system consists of a wired or wireless node type single-component or three-component moving coil type detector or digital detector or acceleration detector or optical fiber detector 13 and the ground seismic data acquisition vehicle 16, and the operation seismic source 14 of the borehole-ground combined optical fiber seismic data acquisition system can adopt a ground explosive source or a heavy hammer seismic source or an electric spark seismic source or a piezoelectric crystal seismic source or an air gun seismic source or a controllable seismic source.
Example 2
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an in-well three-component geophone array and surface wireline seismic data acquisition system to which the present invention is directed. The borehole-ground combined optical fiber seismic data acquisition system consists of a borehole 21 shown in figure 2, a three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector array 22 in a full-section borehole, a ground wired node type single-component or three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector 23, a ground explosive source or heavy hammer source or electric spark source or piezoelectric crystal source or air gun source or controllable source 24, a cable or armored cable 25 and a borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 26. The recording instruments used by the borehole three-component fiber optic geophone array 22 are all phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometers (Φ -OTDRs) housed in a surface seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition cart 26.
When the in-well-ground combined three-dimensional seismic data acquisition operation is carried out, firstly, an underground three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector array 22 is arranged along the whole well section in a well 21, a wire single-component or three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector 23 is arranged on the ground according to a pre-designed measuring network, then an explosive source or a heavy hammer source or an electric spark source or a piezoelectric crystal source or an air gun source or a controllable source 24 is arranged at the position of the pre-designed source, and finally the pre-designed artificial source excitation points 24 are excited point by point along the ground and are connected with a cable or an armored cable 25 through a detector 23 arranged on the construction site, the borehole three-component detector array 22 and the borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 26 to synchronously and simultaneously acquire and record the ground and borehole seismic data, thereby realizing the borehole-ground combined three-dimensional seismic exploration.
Example 3
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing armored cable and a ground wireless node type seismic data acquisition system in a well, which is aimed by the invention. The borehole-ground combined optical fiber seismic data acquisition system consists of a borehole 31 shown in figure 3, a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable 32 in a full-section borehole, a ground wireless node type single-component or three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector 33, a ground explosive source or heavy hammer source or electric spark source or piezoelectric crystal source or air gun source or controllable source 34 and a borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 35. The recording instrument used by the downhole distributed fiber acoustic wave sensing armored cable 32 is a phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ -OTDR) and is placed in a ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 35.
When the in-well-ground combined three-dimensional seismic data acquisition operation is carried out, firstly, the in-well distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable 32 is arranged along the whole well section in the well 31, a wireless node type single-component or three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector 33 is arranged on the ground according to a pre-designed survey network, then an explosive source or a heavy hammer source or an electric spark source or a piezoelectric crystal source or an air gun source or a controllable source 34 is arranged at the position of a pre-designed seismic source, and finally, a pre-designed artificial seismic source excitation point 34 is excited point by point along the ground, and the ground and borehole seismic data are synchronously and simultaneously acquired and recorded through a wireless node type single-component or three-component detector 33 arranged on a construction site, a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable 32 arranged in a borehole section and a borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 35, so that borehole-ground combined three-dimensional seismic exploration is realized.
Example 4
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a borehole three-component geophone array and surface wireless node seismic data acquisition system to which the present invention is directed. The borehole-ground combined distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing seismic data acquisition system consists of a borehole 41, a borehole three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector array 42, a ground wireless node single-component or three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector 43, a ground explosive source or heavy hammer source or electric spark source or piezoelectric crystal source or air gun source or controllable source 44 and a ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 45 which are shown in figure 4. The recording instruments used by the borehole three-component fiber optic geophone array 42 and the ground single-component or three-component fiber optic geophones 43 are phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometers (Φ -OTDRs) and are housed in a ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition cart 45.
When the in-well-ground combined three-dimensional seismic data acquisition operation is carried out, firstly, an underground three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector array 42 is arranged along the whole well section in a well 41, a wireless node type single-component or three-component moving coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber wave detector 43 is arranged on the ground according to a pre-designed measuring network, then laying an explosive source or a heavy hammer source or an electric spark source or a piezoelectric crystal source or an air gun source or a controllable source 4 at the position of the pre-designed source, finally exciting point by point along the pre-designed artificial source excitation point 44 on the ground, synchronously and simultaneously acquiring and recording ground and borehole seismic data through a wireless node type single-component or three-component detector 43, a borehole three-component detector array 42 and a borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle 45 which are laid on a construction site, and realizing borehole-ground combined three-dimensional seismic exploration.
The recording instrument used by the underground distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable or the underground three-component optical fiber detector array in the above 4 embodiments is a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ -OTDR), and is placed in a ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle.
The ground seismic data acquisition system in the above 4 embodiments may be a two-dimensional or three-dimensional wired or wireless node single-component or three-component moving-coil type or digital type or acceleration type or optical fiber detector arranged on the ground.
The recording instrument used by the ground wired single-component or three-component optical fiber detector is a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (phi-OTDR) and is placed in a ground seismic and borehole seismic data acquisition vehicle.
The ground seismic source can be an explosive source, a heavy hammer source, an electric spark source, a piezoelectric crystal source, an air gun source or a controllable seismic source.
The distances between the detectors in the ground seismic data acquisition system are equal or unequal, and are several meters to dozens of meters.
The spatial sampling interval of the underground distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable is equal to the distance of 0.1-10 m.
The distance between the underground three-component detectors is equal or unequal from several meters to dozens of meters.
The specific implementation steps for carrying out well flooding processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data acquired by the well-ground combined acquisition are as follows:
(1) calculating and solving accurate velocity data according to the first arrival travel time of seismic data acquired in a well and the distance from a ground seismic source point to an underground wave detection point, wherein the accurate velocity data comprises the average velocity from the ground to the depth position of the underground wave detection point, the interlayer velocity of a stratum between two adjacent wave detection points and the like;
(2) removing multiples of the ground seismic data according to the depth position of the reflecting layer of the well seismic data, and accurately calibrating the seismic geological reflecting layer of each ground seismic data;
(3) processing borehole seismic data to provide a formation absorption attenuation parameter Q:
and (3) solving a stratum absorption attenuation Q factor by using an absorption attenuation rule of the zero offset VSP data, and compensating energy attenuation generated by the earth absorption attenuation.
Assuming that the amplitude spectrum of the seismic signal decays exponentially over time, one of the calculations to find the quality factor Q is given as follows:
wherein: a is1(f) -an amplitude spectrum within a reference time window; a is2(f) -amplitude spectra within a sliding time window;
is obtained by the formula:
where f represents the frequency of the signal and τ represents the difference in the direct wave travel time between the two data (two stage detectors).
(4) According to a true amplitude recovery factor (Tar factor) extracted from borehole seismic data, well control velocity field establishment and velocity field-based amplitude recovery processing are carried out on the borehole-ground joint acquired ground seismic data, and the true amplitude recovery factor calculation formula is as follows:
when a wave impedance interface exists, the seismic wave energy also undergoes transmission loss, i.e. part of the energy is reflected back, so the total amplitude attenuation can be expressed by the following formula:
A＝A0ta
after logarithm taking:
lnA＝alnt+lnA0
here, the inverse of α is a Tar (true amplitude recovery) factor, and the value of the Tar factor can be obtained by a linear fitting formula y ═ kx + b.
Tar＝-k
The Tar factor:
wherein: v. of0Is the velocity initial value or water layer velocity, v is the root mean square velocity, t is the sampling point time (ms);
(5) performing deconvolution processing on ground seismic data acquired by well-ground combination according to deconvolution parameters extracted from well seismic data;
(6) accurately calculating and extracting anisotropy parameters η, delta and epsilon of the underground stratum based on three-dimensional borehole seismic data or Walkeround VSP or multi-azimuth Walkerway VSP data;
(7) performing three-dimensional parameter joint modeling based on VSP well flooding parameter constraint, such as speed, anisotropy and the like;
(8) the resolution improvement processing of well control ground seismic data is carried out by utilizing well seismic data parameters:
(9) according to the anisotropy parameters η, delta and epsilon of the underground stratum accurately calculated and extracted from the borehole seismic data, the ground seismic data jointly collected from the borehole and the ground are subjected to anisotropic migration processing, wherein the calculation formula of the anisotropy parameters is as follows:
the non-hyperbolic approximate time distance formula under any anisotropic strength is expressed as follows:
η is the anisotropic parameter for prestack time deviation, t is the time of two-way travel, x is offset of shot-geophone point, VnmoFor NMO speed, t0When the double-pass is zero-offset,
called the non-elliptical anisotropy coefficient or non-ellipticity, epsilon, delta are the anisotropy parameters used for prestack depth migration. And can derive:
v is obtained by Taylor seriesnmo≈α0(1+δ)。
Wherein α0Satisfactory results can be obtained using this equation for the P-wave velocity, with kinetic correction or pre-stack time migration.
Therefore, whether the accurate non-elliptical anisotropy coefficient η can be obtained is a key and precondition for anisotropic seismic data processing.
From the VSP data, accurate η values can be scanned for non-hyperbolic rectification and pre-stack time-shift imagingnmoBecause of t0Given a set of η, for each depth point, a theoretical t value at a different offset for each η is calculated, comparing the theoretical t with the observed first arrival time of the actual 3D-VSP, and when the error is minimal, giving a η value.
For the prestack depth migration of VTI (vertical Transverse Isotropy) media, Thomsen anisotropy coefficients epsilon and delta are needed, and the accuracy of the epsilon and delta calculation is related to the precision of prestack depth migration imaging.
The exact values of ε and δ are obtained by a Thomsen anisotropic coefficient scan method similar to the η value scan.
vqP(θ)＝α0(1+δsin2θcos2θ+εsin4θ)
vqPAnd (3) obtaining an accurate epsilon value in a time difference scanning mode for the anisotropic velocity and theta for the phase angle. After epsilon and delta are obtained, an accurate VTI model can be established for prestack depth migration imaging.
(10) And performing Q compensation or Q migration processing on pre-stack gather data on the ground seismic data acquired by the borehole-ground combination according to the stratum absorption attenuation parameter Q extracted from the borehole seismic data.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Seismic data joint mining system based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing well is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a well drilling and a full-well-section well distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable, a ground wired or wireless detector, an artificial seismic source excitation point and a well seismic data acquisition vehicle, wherein the full-well-section well distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable is connected with the well seismic data acquisition vehicle, and the ground wired or wireless detector and the full-well-section well distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing armored optical cable synchronously acquire and record seismic data at the same time.
2. The distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing based well-ground seismic data cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the artificial source excitation points are: one of a ground explosive source, a heavy hammer source, an electric spark source, a piezoelectric crystal source, an air gun source and a controllable source.
3. The distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing based uphole seismic data co-production system of claim 2, wherein the distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing armored cable in the full-interval downhole is replaced with a full-interval downhole three-component geophone.
4. The system for simultaneous recovery of seismic data from a well and a ground based on distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ground wireless detectors are replaced by ground wired detectors, the borehole seismic data collection vehicle is replaced by a ground seismic and borehole seismic data collection vehicle, and further comprising cables, and the ground wired detectors are connected with the ground seismic and borehole seismic data collection vehicles through cables.
5. The system for jointly acquiring seismic data based on a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing well according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ground wireless geophones are: one of a wireless single-component moving-coil detector, a wireless single-component digital detector, a wireless single-component acceleration detector and a wireless single-component optical fiber detector.
6. The distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing borehole seismic data co-production system according to claim 3, wherein the full-interval borehole geophone is: one of a wired three-component moving-coil detector, a wired three-component digital detector, a wired three-component acceleration detector and a wired three-component optical fiber detector.
7. The system of claim 4, wherein the surface line detectors are: a wired single-component or three-component moving-coil detector, a wired single-component or three-component digital detector, a wired single-component or three-component acceleration detector, and a wired single-component or three-component optical fiber detector.
8. A ground three-dimensional seismic data well-flooding processing method for borehole-ground combined acquisition is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) calculating and solving accurate average velocity value and interval velocity value of the underground medium according to the first arrival travel time of the seismic data collected in the well and the distance between the ground seismic source point and the underground detection point,
(2) removing multiple waves in the ground seismic data according to the depth position of the reflecting layer of the well seismic data, and calibrating the seismic geological reflecting layer of each ground seismic data;
(3) processing seismic data in a well, and providing a stratum absorption attenuation parameter Q;
(4) according to a true amplitude recovery factor extracted from borehole seismic data, establishing a well control velocity field for the ground seismic data jointly collected from the borehole and the ground, and performing amplitude recovery processing based on the velocity field;
(5) performing deconvolution processing on ground seismic data acquired by well-ground combination according to deconvolution parameters extracted from well seismic data;
(6) calculating and extracting anisotropic parameters of the underground stratum based on three-dimensional borehole seismic data or multi-azimuth Walkaway VSP or Walkerround VSP data;
(7) carrying out velocity and anisotropic three-dimensional parameter combined modeling based on VSP well flooding parameter constraint;
(8) carrying out resolution-improving processing on well control ground seismic data by using the well seismic data parameters;
(9) according to the anisotropy parameters of the underground stratum accurately calculated and extracted from the borehole seismic data, performing anisotropic migration processing on the ground seismic data jointly acquired from the borehole and the ground;
(10) and performing Q compensation or Q migration processing on pre-stack gather data on the ground seismic data acquired by the borehole-ground combination according to the stratum absorption attenuation parameter Q extracted from the borehole seismic data.
9. The well-surface three-dimensional seismic data well-flooding processing method for the combined borehole-surface acquisition according to claim 8, wherein the velocity data in step (1) comprises: the average velocity from the surface to the depth position of the downhole geophone point and the zonal velocity of the formation between the downhole adjacent geophone points.
10. The well-surface three-dimensional seismic data well-flooding processing method for borehole-surface joint acquisition according to claim 9, characterized in that the true amplitude recovery factor calculation formula in step (4) is:
where COEF (t) represents the true amplitude recovery factor, v0Is the initial velocity or water layer velocity, v is the root mean square velocity, and t is the sampling point time.
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