CN113587906A - Automatic forest crown water interception and surface runoff monitoring system based on tipping principle - Google Patents
Automatic forest crown water interception and surface runoff monitoring system based on tipping principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of forest moisture monitoring, in particular to a canopy water retention and surface runoff automatic monitoring system based on a tipping-bucket principle, which comprises a tipping-bucket water quantity sensor, a sample plot monitoring device, a lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system and an upper computer data receiving, processing and visualization system, wherein the sample plot monitoring device comprises an extra-forest rainfall collector, an intra-forest penetrating rain collector, a trunk runoff collector and a surface runoff collector; the precision of the tipping bucket is determined by a linear relation expression and a correction coefficient between the tipping bucket overturning times and the tipping bucket measuring range precision in unit time period. The water volume data of various monitoring objects are uniformly received, processed, operated, sent and visualized, and scientific and effective data support is finally provided for the forest hydrology monitoring content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forest hydrology monitoring, and particularly relates to an automatic monitoring system for canopy water retention and surface runoff based on a tipping bucket principle.
Background
At present, rainfall outside forest, rain penetrating in forest, trunk runoff and surface runoff in forest hydrologic monitoring contents are still in a semi-artificial semi-automatic monitoring state, meanwhile scattered automatic monitoring cannot collect data to a unified platform for analysis, problematic data cannot be timely eliminated easily, and inconsistent monitoring methods of the monitoring contents easily cause that the comparability of acquired data is not favorable for subsequent comparison and analysis of the forest hydrologic process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an automatic monitoring system for canopy water retention and surface runoff based on a tipping bucket principle.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a canopy water interception and surface runoff automatic monitoring system based on a tipping-bucket principle comprises a tipping-bucket water quantity sensor, a sample plot monitoring device, a lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system and an upper computer data receiving, processing and visualization system, wherein the sample plot monitoring device comprises an forest outside rainfall collector, a forest penetrating rain collector, a trunk runoff collector and a surface runoff collector;
the device comprises an off-forest rainfall collector, a water quantity sensor and a water quantity control system, wherein the off-forest rainfall collector comprises an off-forest rainfall measuring cylinder which is arranged on the crown width of a tree through an upright post, and the off-forest rainfall measuring cylinder is connected with the corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensor through a guide pipe;
the in-forest penetration rain collector comprises in-forest penetration rain measuring cylinders placed in a tree, and the in-forest penetration rain measuring cylinders are connected with corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensors through guide pipes;
the trunk runoff collector comprises a slotted hose wound on a trunk, the bottom end of the slotted hose is connected with a collecting barrel, and the collecting barrel is connected with a corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensor;
the surface runoff collector comprises a runoff field collecting tank arranged in a sample plot, the runoff field collecting tank is connected with a corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensor through a guide pipe,
each tipping bucket type water quantity sensor is connected with a lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system, and the lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system is connected with an upper computer data receiving, processing and visualization system.
The gap between the slotted hose and the trunk is filled with glass cement.
The lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system comprises a data counting and processing module, a clock module, a communication module and a data storage module, wherein the data counting and processing module is connected with each tipping bucket type water quantity sensor, the data counting and processing module is also respectively connected with the clock module and the data storage module, and the data counting and processing module is connected with an upper computer data receiving, processing and visualization system through the communication module.
The upper computer data receiving and processing visualization system comprises a data receiving and processing module, a data server and a user display terminal, wherein the data receiving and processing module is connected with a data counting and processing module through a communication module, the data receiving and processing module calculates received pulse signals output by all the tipping bucket water quantity sensors, water quantity data corresponding to all the tipping bucket water quantity sensors are obtained and stored in the data server, and the water quantity data are displayed through the user display terminal.
If so, the data receiving and processing module calculates the received pulse signals output by the tipping bucket water quantity sensors to obtain the water quantity data corresponding to the tipping bucket water quantity sensors comprises the following steps:
if the tipping bucket type water quantity sensor outputs 1 pulse signal within 5 minutes, the measured water quantity is a water quantity numerical value corresponding to 1 time of tipping bucket turning;
if the tipping bucket type water quantity sensor outputs 2 pulse signals within 5 minutes, the measured water quantity is a water quantity numerical value corresponding to 2 times of tipping bucket turning;
and if the number of the pulse signals output by the tipping bucket water quantity sensor is w within 5 minutes, and w is more than or equal to 3, the measured water quantity is cw + y, and c and y are fitting constants.
The tipping bucket type water quantity sensor comprises a water bearing device, a guide pipe, a transparent protective cover and a sensing unit, wherein the sensing unit is arranged in the transparent protective cover, the sensing unit comprises a support platform, the bottom of the support platform is provided with an upright post, the support platform is provided with a level gauge, an up-down distance adjusting support is arranged on the platform, a left-right distance adjusting support is connected with the up-down distance adjusting support, a left-right distance adjusting support is provided with a guide pipe hole, two reed pipe fixers are arranged on the left-right distance adjusting support, one sides of the two reed pipe fixers facing the tipping bucket are both provided with reed pipes, the tipping bucket is positioned between the two reed pipe fixers, the two sides of the tipping bucket are connected with a rotating shaft through a tipping bucket supporting frame, the rotating shaft is movably arranged on the up-down distance adjusting support, the tipping bucket comprises a first water receiving part and a second water receiving part, the inner end of the first water receiving part is connected with the inner end of the second water receiving part, the two ends of the tipping bucket are the outer end of the first water receiving part and the outer end of the second water receiving part, magnets are arranged at the bottoms of the two ends of the tipping bucket, the magnets are arranged on the two sides of the tipping bucket, reed pipes are arranged on the support platform corresponding to the positions of the magnets at the bottoms of the two ends of the tipping bucket, the bottom end of the guide pipe is inserted into the guide pipe hole, and the top end of the guide pipe is communicated with the water bearing device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an automatic monitoring system for accurately measuring canopy water retention and surface runoff based on a tipping bucket principle, which can accurately and effectively acquire field data, and visually display the redistribution process of rainfall in a forest in each rainfall process through a client after calculating and processing original data. Completely meets the requirements of field automatic monitoring and scientific research data.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the detection of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a dump bucket water level sensor.
A-a lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system, B-a transparent protective cover, C-a tipping bucket type water quantity sensor, D-a water bearing device and an E-guide pipe;
1-reed pipe fixer, 2-left-right spacing adjusting bracket, 3-guide pipe hole, 4-magnet, 5-tipping bucket, 6-reed pipe, 7-tipping bucket supporting frame, 8-level meter, 9-rotating shaft, 10-upright post and 11-up-down distance adjusting bracket.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, and it is to be understood that the present invention has been described in the illustrative embodiments and is not to be construed as limited thereto.
A canopy water interception and surface runoff automatic monitoring system based on a tipping-bucket principle comprises a tipping-bucket water quantity sensor, a sample plot monitoring device, a lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system and an upper computer data receiving, processing and visualization system, wherein the sample plot monitoring device comprises an forest outside rainfall collector, a forest penetrating rain collector, a trunk runoff collector and a surface runoff collector;
the device comprises an off-forest rainfall collector, a water quantity sensor and a water quantity control system, wherein the off-forest rainfall collector comprises an off-forest rainfall measuring cylinder which is arranged on the crown width of a tree through an upright post, and the off-forest rainfall measuring cylinder is connected with the corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensor through a guide pipe;
the in-forest penetration rain collector comprises in-forest penetration rain measuring cylinders placed in a tree, and the in-forest penetration rain measuring cylinders are connected with corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensors through guide pipes;
the trunk runoff collector comprises a slotted hose wound on a trunk, the bottom end of the slotted hose is connected with a collecting barrel, and the collecting barrel is connected with a corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensor; the gap between the slotted hose and the trunk is filled with glass cement.
The surface runoff collector comprises a runoff field collecting tank arranged in a sample plot, the runoff field collecting tank is connected with a corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensor through a guide pipe,
each tipping bucket type water quantity sensor is connected with a lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system, and the lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system is connected with an upper computer data receiving, processing and visualization system.
The lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system comprises a data counting and processing module, a clock module, a communication module and a data storage module, wherein the data counting and processing module is connected with each tipping bucket type water quantity sensor, the data counting and processing module is also respectively connected with the clock module and the data storage module, and the data counting and processing module is connected with an upper computer data receiving, processing and visualization system through the communication module.
The various tipping bucket type water quantity sensors are mainly characterized in that tipping buckets with different sizes are divided according to the water quantity collected by different monitoring objects and are placed in a collector to form the tipping bucket type water quantity sensors.
The tipping bucket type water quantity sensor provides pulse signals, and the tipping bucket is designed and printed into small, medium and large tipping buckets by a 3D printing technology according to the water quantity of a monitored object. Rainfall outside the forest, penetrating rain in the forest correspond to small tipping buckets, trunk runoff corresponds to medium-sized tipping buckets, and surface runoff corresponds to large tipping buckets. Each tipping bucket type water quantity sensor is connected to a data counting and processing module of the lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system through a data line.
The data counting processing module adopts a main control chip as follows: STM32F407 ZG.
The data counting and processing module records pulse signals output by each tipping bucket water quantity sensor in a set time period on a time axis according to the time axis provided by the clock module, stores the pulse signals output by each tipping bucket water quantity sensor and transmits the pulse signals to the upper computer data receiving and processing visualization system through the communication module.
The solar panel outputs 12V direct current, the 12V direct current is input into the power supply conversion module, and the power supply conversion module respectively provides electric energy for the data counting processing module, the clock module, the communication module and the data storage module of the lower computer data acquisition processing transmission system.
The upper computer data receiving and processing visualization system comprises a data receiving and processing module, a data server and a user display terminal, wherein the data receiving and processing module is connected with a data counting and processing module through a communication module, the data receiving and processing module calculates received pulse signals output by all tipping bucket type water quantity sensors, water quantity data corresponding to all the tipping bucket type water quantity sensors are obtained and stored in the data server, and the water quantity data are displayed through the user display terminal.
In one embodiment, the data server is a WEB data server. And the WEB data server receives json data sent by the user display terminal as a query condition, queries in the WEB data server, and recalls the query result to the user display terminal by the json data, and finally displays the query result in a WEB page of the user display terminal.
As shown in fig. 1: in order to effectively obtain the forest rainwater canopy interception amount and surface runoff data, a standard monitoring sample plot is selected and built, and the sample plot inner monitoring items mainly comprise (1) rainfall outside the forest, (2) rain penetration inside the forest, (3) trunk runoff and (4) surface runoff.
(1) The method comprises the following steps that rainfall outside the forest is collected through a rainfall collector outside the forest, rainfall rain measuring cylinders outside the forest are placed on the tree crown breadth through stand columns, the rainfall rain measuring cylinders outside the forest are connected with corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensors through guide pipes, collecting points are located at positions higher than forest canopy layers, the rainfall rain measuring cylinders outside the forest are arranged at positions higher than the forest canopy layers in a standing mode, openings are formed in the bottoms of the rainfall rain measuring cylinders outside the forest and are connected with one ends of the guide pipes, water receivers are arranged on the guide pipes, the other ends of the guide pipes are connected with tipping bucket type water quantity sensors penetrating through transparent protection covers and arranged in the transparent protection covers, each rainfall rain measuring cylinder outside the forest corresponds to one tipping bucket type water quantity sensor, in the embodiment, 6 rainfall rain measuring cylinders outside the forest are arranged, and the tipping bucket type water quantity sensors are connected with a data collecting, processing and transmitting system of a lower computer.
(2) The method comprises the following steps that forest penetrating rain is collected through a forest penetrating rain collector, forest penetrating rain measuring cylinders are also used for collecting forest rainfall, openings penetrate through the bottoms of the rain measuring cylinders in the forest, the openings penetrate through the bottoms of the rain measuring cylinders in the forest and are connected with one ends of guide pipes, water receivers are arranged on the guide pipes, the other ends of the guide pipes are connected with tipping bucket type water quantity sensors arranged in the transparent protective covers through the transparent protective covers, and the number of the forest penetrating rain measuring cylinders is 8;
(3) trunk runoff is collected through a trunk runoff collector, the trunk runoff collector comprises a slotted hose wound on a trunk, the bottom end of the slotted hose is connected with a collecting barrel through a water bearing device, and the collecting barrel is connected with a corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensor;
(4) the surface runoff is collected by a surface runoff collector, a sample plot with a certain area is constructed and enclosed on the slope surface of a monitoring sample plot by bricks and cement and is collected into a runoff field collecting tank, the runoff field collecting tank is connected into a corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensor through a guide pipe, and a water bearing device is arranged on the guide pipe and used for filtering.
All the monitoring objects adopt tipping bucket type water quantity sensors, and small, medium and large tipping buckets 5 are respectively designed according to different collected water quantities of the monitoring objects.
The tipping bucket type water quantity sensor comprises a water bearing device D, a guide pipe E, a transparent protective cover B and a sensing unit, wherein the sensing unit is arranged in the transparent protective cover B and comprises a support platform, the bottom of the support platform is provided with an upright post 10, the support platform is provided with a level gauge 8, an up-down distance adjusting support 11 is arranged on the platform, a left-right distance adjusting support 2 is connected with the up-down distance adjusting support 11, the left-right distance adjusting support 2 can be fixed at different heights on the up-down distance adjusting support 11, the left-right distance adjusting support 2 is provided with a guide pipe hole 3, two reed pipe fixers 1 are arranged on the left-right distance adjusting support 2, the transverse positions of the two reed pipe fixers 1 on the left-right distance adjusting support 2 can be adjusted, one sides of the two reed pipe fixers 1 facing a tipping bucket 5 are both provided with reed pipes 6, and the tipping bucket 5 is positioned between the two reed pipes 1, two sides of the tipping bucket 5 are connected with a rotating shaft 9 through a tipping bucket supporting frame 7, the rotating shaft 9 is movably arranged on an upper distance adjusting support 11 and a lower distance adjusting support 11, the rotating shaft 9 can rotate along the axis of the rotating shaft, the tipping bucket 5 comprises a first water receiving part and a second water receiving part, the inner end of the first water receiving part is connected with the inner end of the second water receiving part, two ends of the tipping bucket 5 are the outer end of the first water receiving part and the outer end of the second water receiving part, magnets 4 are arranged at the bottoms of two ends of the tipping bucket 5, magnets 4 are arranged on two sides of the tipping bucket 5, reed pipes 6 are arranged on the support platform corresponding to the magnets 4 at the bottoms of two ends of the tipping bucket 5, the bottom end of a guide pipe E is inserted into a guide pipe hole 3, and the top end of the guide pipe E is communicated with a water bearing device D.
When the weight of water in the first water receiving part reaches a threshold value, the tipping bucket 5 integrally overturns towards the first water receiving part, the first water receiving part overturns and sinks, the second water receiving part overturns and tilts, the magnet 4 at the bottom of the end part of the first water receiving part triggers the reed pipe 6 on the corresponding support platform, the magnet 4 at the bottom of the end part of the second water receiving part does not trigger the reed pipe 6 on the corresponding support platform, and water drops flowing out of the guide pipe E drop into the second water receiving part;
when the weight of water in the second water receiving part reaches a threshold value, the whole tipping bucket 5 overturns towards the second water receiving part, the second water receiving part overturns and sinks, the first water receiving part overturns and tilts, the magnet 4 at the bottom of the end part of the second water receiving part triggers the reed pipe 6 on the corresponding support platform, the magnet 4 at the bottom of the end part of the first water receiving part does not trigger the reed pipe 6 on the corresponding support platform, and water drops flowing out of the guide pipe E drop into the first water receiving part;
so relapse, realize the water yield measurement, the tipping bucket 5 is overturn at every turn simultaneously, can trigger two dry reed pipe fixers 1 through the magnet 4 of both sides and move towards the dry reed pipe 6 on the tipping bucket 5.
The installation of the tipping bucket 5 aiming at different models is mainly adjusted by the following modes: the height of the left and right spacing adjusting bracket 2 on the upper and lower spacing adjusting bracket 11, the height of the rotating shaft 9 on the upper and lower spacing adjusting bracket 11 and the spacing between the two dry reed pipe fixing devices 1 are adjusted, the upright post 10 can be inserted into the soil of the sample plot, and the balance of the bracket platform is adjusted by the level gauge 8. The conduit hole 3 is inserted into the conduit E to be connected with the water bearing device D, and the transparent protective cover B is used for protecting the sensing unit and facilitating observation of daily operation conditions. In order to ensure that the pulse signal record is complete, magnets 4 are arranged at the bottom and two sides of two ends of a tipping bucket 5, the two ends of the tipping bucket 5 refer to the outer end of a first water receiving part and the outer end of a second water receiving part, reed pipes 6 are arranged at positions of an upper and lower distance adjusting support 11 and a support platform corresponding to 4 magnets, when water in a guide pipe E enters the tipping bucket 5 to cause the tipping bucket to turn over, the reed pipes 6 are triggered to generate pulse signals, and the signal integrity is judged through the number of times of the four reed pipe pulse signals. If the data is complete, the pulse times of the reed pipes corresponding to the two sides of the tipping bucket 5 are equal, the pulse times of the reed pipes corresponding to the two ends of the tipping bucket 5 are equal, the sum of the pulse times of the reed pipes corresponding to the two ends of the tipping bucket 5 is equal to the pulse times of the reed pipes corresponding to the two sides of the tipping bucket 5, the pulse of the reed pipes corresponding to the two sides of the tipping bucket 5 is used as a pulse signal output by the tipping bucket type water quantity sensor, otherwise, the pulse signal times are unequal, which indicates that the reed pipes are possibly damaged and need to be overhauled. The monitoring objects sequentially corresponding to the three types of tipping buckets are rainfall inside and outside the forest, trunk runoff and surface runoff. The three types of tipping buckets are subjected to algorithm conversion between tipping bucket overturning times and tipping bucket range accuracy in a unit time period (such as every 5 minutes) respectively obtained through indoor test verification. Meanwhile, the average correction coefficient is obtained through indoor and outdoor data comparison, and the accuracy of the data is guaranteed.
Each tipping bucket type water quantity sensor is connected with a lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system, and the lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system is connected with an upper computer data receiving, processing and visualization system. The data counting and processing module of the lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system adopts a main control chip STM32F407ZG, the solar panel outputs 12V direct current, the 12V direct current is input into the power conversion module, and the power conversion module respectively provides electric energy for the data counting and processing module, the clock module, the communication module and the data storage module of the lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system.
The data counting and processing module collects pulse signals from the tipping bucket water quantity sensor. Setting the number of pulse signals output by the skip bucket type water quantity sensor within a 5-minute time period, and according to a formula:
x1＝a；
x2＝b；
x3＝cw+y；
if the tipping bucket water quantity sensor outputs 1 pulse signal within 5 minutes, the water quantity x is measured1The corresponding water quantity value a is obtained by turning the tipping bucket for 1 time;
if the tipping bucket water quantity sensor outputs 2 pulse signals within 5 minutes, the water quantity x is measured2The water quantity value b is corresponding to 2 times of overturning of the tipping bucket;
if the number of pulse signals output by the tipping bucket water quantity sensor is w within 5 minutes, and w is more than or equal to 3, measuring the water quantity x3And the fitting constants are cw + y and c and y.
The fitting constants c, y described above can be obtained by preliminary experimental measurements.
And the data receiving and processing module calculates water quantity data according to the pulse times of every five minutes, wherein the 30-minute data is the sum of 6 5-minute data, and the 24-hour data is the sum of 48 30-minute data.
The upper computer data receiving and processing visualization system comprises a data receiving and processing module, a data server and a user display terminal,
the lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system comprises a data counting and processing module, a clock module, a communication module and a data storage module,
the data server stores water volume data for 5 minutes, water volume data for 30 minutes, and water volume data for 24 hours.
A communication module: based on the mountain areas in the field woodland, the signals are poor, the communication module adopts GPRS for communication, and a signal amplifier can also be adopted for strengthening the communication data to ensure normal data communication. The lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system only needs to upload 5 minutes of pulse signals to the data receiving and processing module through the communication module (GPRS module).
And acquiring canopy interception data according to the out-of-forest rainfall, in-forest rain penetration and trunk runoff. Displaying a dynamic change diagram of half-hour extra-forest rainfall data, in-forest penetrating rain data, trunk runoff data and surface runoff data corresponding to the extra-forest rainfall collector, the in-forest penetrating rain collector and the surface runoff collector, and corresponding one day extra-forest rainfall data, in-forest penetrating rain data, trunk runoff data and surface runoff data on a visual webpage of a user display terminal, wherein the first part of content is the extra-forest rainfall collector, the in-forest penetrating rain collector and the trunk runoff collector;
the second part of contents are the average value of rainfall outside the forest, the average value of penetrating rain in the forest, the average value of stem runoff, the average value of canopy interception and the average value of surface runoff, which are obtained after data processing and calculation, and a half-hour data dynamic variation graph and a day data dynamic variation graph of the average values;
and the third part is the 5-minute pulse signal, the half-hour pulse signal conversion water quantity data and the one-day pulse signal conversion water quantity data downloaded in the selected time period.
The specific embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments, or alternatives may be employed in a similar manner, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The automatic monitoring system for the water intercepted by the canopy and the surface runoff based on the tipping-bucket principle comprises a tipping-bucket water quantity sensor and is characterized by further comprising a sample plot monitoring device, a lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system and an upper computer data receiving, processing and visualization system, wherein the sample plot monitoring device comprises an extra-forest rainfall collector, an in-forest penetrating rain collector, a trunk runoff collector and a surface runoff collector;
the device comprises an off-forest rainfall collector, a water quantity sensor and a water quantity control system, wherein the off-forest rainfall collector comprises an off-forest rainfall measuring cylinder which is arranged on the crown width of a tree through an upright post, and the off-forest rainfall measuring cylinder is connected with the corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensor through a guide pipe;
the in-forest penetration rain collector comprises in-forest penetration rain measuring cylinders placed in a tree, and the in-forest penetration rain measuring cylinders are connected with corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensors through guide pipes;
the trunk runoff collector comprises a slotted hose wound on a trunk, the bottom end of the slotted hose is connected with a collecting barrel, and the collecting barrel is connected with a corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensor;
the surface runoff collector comprises a runoff field collecting tank arranged in a sample plot, the runoff field collecting tank is connected with a corresponding tipping bucket type water quantity sensor through a guide pipe,
each tipping bucket type water quantity sensor is connected with a lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system, and the lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system is connected with an upper computer data receiving, processing and visualization system.
2. The automatic forest crown water interception and surface runoff monitoring system based on the skip bucket principle according to claim 1, wherein a gap between the slotted hose and the trunk is filled with glass cement.
3. The automatic canopy interception water and surface runoff monitoring system based on the skip bucket principle according to claim 1, wherein the lower computer data acquisition, processing and transmission system comprises a data counting and processing module, a clock module, a communication module and a data storage module, the data counting and processing module is connected with each skip bucket type water quantity sensor, the data counting and processing module is further connected with the clock module and the data storage module respectively, and the data counting and processing module is connected with the upper computer data receiving, processing and visualization system through the communication module.
4. The automatic canopy interception water and surface runoff monitoring system based on the skip bucket type principle according to claim 3, wherein the upper computer data receiving, processing and visualization system comprises a data receiving and processing module, a data server and a user display terminal, the data receiving and processing module is connected with the data counting and processing module through a communication module, the data receiving and processing module calculates received pulse signals output by each skip bucket type water quantity sensor, water quantity data corresponding to each skip bucket type water quantity sensor is obtained and stored in the data server, and the water quantity data is displayed through the user display terminal.
5. The automatic forest crown water interception and surface runoff monitoring system based on the skip bucket type principle according to claim 4, wherein the data receiving and processing module calculates received pulse signals output by each skip bucket type water quantity sensor and obtains water quantity data corresponding to each skip bucket type water quantity sensor comprises the following steps:
if the tipping bucket type water quantity sensor outputs 1 pulse signal within 5 minutes, the measured water quantity is a water quantity numerical value corresponding to 1 time of tipping bucket turning;
if the tipping bucket type water quantity sensor outputs 2 pulse signals within 5 minutes, the measured water quantity is a water quantity numerical value corresponding to 2 times of tipping bucket turning;
and if the number of the pulse signals output by the tipping bucket water quantity sensor is w within 5 minutes, and w is more than or equal to 3, the measured water quantity is cw + y, and c and y are fitting constants.
6. The automatic forest crown water interception and surface runoff monitoring system based on the skip bucket principle according to claim 1, wherein the skip bucket type water quantity sensor comprises a water bearing device (D), a guide pipe (E), a transparent protective cover (B) and a sensing unit, the sensing unit is arranged in the transparent protective cover (B), the sensing unit comprises a support platform, the bottom of the support platform is provided with an upright post (10), the support platform is provided with a level gauge (8), an up-down distance adjusting support (11) is arranged on the platform, a left-right distance adjusting support (2) is connected with an up-down distance adjusting support (11), the left-right distance adjusting support (2) is provided with a guide pipe hole (3), two dry reed pipe fixers (1) are arranged on the left-right distance adjusting support (2), one sides of the two dry reed pipe fixers (1) facing a skip bucket (5) are both provided with dry reed pipes (6), the tipping bucket (5) is positioned between the two reed pipe fixators (1), two sides of the tipping bucket (5) are connected with the rotating shaft (9) through a tipping bucket supporting frame (7), the rotating shaft (9) is movably arranged on the upper and lower distance adjusting support (11), the tipping bucket (5) comprises a first water receiving part and a second water receiving part, the inner end of the first water receiving part is connected with the inner end of the second water receiving part, two ends of the tipping bucket (5) are the outer end of the first water receiving part and the outer end of the second water receiving part, magnets (4) are arranged at the bottoms of two ends of the tipping bucket (5), magnets (4) are arranged at two sides of the tipping bucket (5), reed pipes (6) are arranged at positions, corresponding to the magnets (4) at the bottoms of the two ends of the tipping bucket (5), the bottom end of the guide pipe (E) is inserted into the guide pipe hole (3), and the top end of the guide pipe (E) is communicated with the water bearing device (D).
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