CN106769607A - A kind of system and detection method of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge - Google Patents

A kind of system and detection method of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106769607A
CN106769607A CN201710078279.9A CN201710078279A CN106769607A CN 106769607 A CN106769607 A CN 106769607A CN 201710078279 A CN201710078279 A CN 201710078279A CN 106769607 A CN106769607 A CN 106769607A
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China
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flow cartridge
computer
slope runoff
silt
weighing sensor
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CN201710078279.9A
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Inventor
李伟
刘刚才
张丹
艾应伟
郭仕平
李斌
蒋豪
罗辑
陈娇
赵广
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Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment IMHE of CAS
China National Tobacco Corp Sichuan Branch
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Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment IMHE of CAS
China National Tobacco Corp Sichuan Branch
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Priority to CN201710078279.9A priority Critical patent/CN106769607A/en
Publication of CN106769607A publication Critical patent/CN106769607A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N5/00Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of system of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge, it includes weighing sensor(1), be arranged at weighing sensor(1)The mistake flow cartridge at top(2)And it was installed on flow cartridge(2)The cover at top(3), cross flow cartridge(2)Bottom be provided with arc groove(17), arc groove(17)Inside it is rotatably installed with screw rod(10), screw rod(10)An axle journal be connected with motor(11), inclined tube(12)On be connected with magnetic valve(13), the system is also including computer(16), described computer(16)With magnetic valve(13), stop valve(5), weighing sensor(1), water pump(8), motor(11), zero liquid level sensor(15)And liquid-level switch(14)Connection;It also discloses detection method.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Can rapidly, continuously, real time dynamic measurement slope runoff silt content, shorten detection cycle, improve certainty of measurement, simplify operation.

Description

A kind of system and detection method of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge
Technical field
Technical field the present invention relates to measure sediment charge detection in slope runoff, particularly a kind of dynamic detection is domatic The system and detection method of radial flow sediment content.
Background technology
In the field detection project of the departments such as irrigation and water conservancy, forest ecology, environmental protection, slope runoff silt content is monitoring slope The important parameter of ground status of soil erosion.Due to being limited by field condition environment particularity and complexity, at present both at home and abroad to soil The runoff yield of runoff plots, sediment yield have been used up the method for artificially collecting runoff, manual measurement in earth erosion.The method is operated Process is cumbersome, waste time and energy, if samples' representativeness is bad also to influence certainty of measurement, it is impossible to it is enough rapidly, continuously, dynamic in real time Measurement slope runoff silt content.
The means of existing measurement sediment charge are a lot, such as gamma-rays method, capacitance method and drying weighing method.Gamma-rays method is profit Attenuation law after penetrating object with gamma-rays measures sediment charge, is demarcating the gamma ray absorptivity of measurand Can realize certainty of measurement higher after parameter, but decay is very fast after gamma-rays penetrates object, determines that absorptivity parameter is highly difficult, So that the requirement and certainty of measurement to measurand are all affected, and such system cost is high, not easy care.Capacitance method is Sediment charge is calculated with the corresponding relation of the electric capacity of the capacitor being made up of liquid and cylindric pole plate using sediment charge, Changed equivalent to dielectric when the liquid sediment charge in cylindric pole plate changes, and then change the appearance of capacitor Amount, this method is adapted to do continuous on-line measurement, but is influenceed by liquid conduction rate, and measurement range and certainty of measurement are limited to Property is larger.Above-mentioned measuring method all has that measurement range is small, error is big, the low problems of certainty of measurement.
And it is artificial field sampling to dry weighing method, by the operation such as being filtered, being dried, weighed to sample liquid indoors, Determine the sediment charge of sample liquid.Concrete operation step is the sediment laden flow water sample for taking certain volume, and baking box is put into after sedimentation and drawing Middle heating removes moisture (more than 24h is dried in 105 DEG C of baking ovens), and Sediment quality is claimed to obtain after cooling.This drying weighing method is using such as Lower formula is expressed as:ρv=W/V, wherein ρvIt is radial flow sediment content (kg/m3), W is the Sediment quality (kg) claimed after drying, V It is water sand mixing liquid volume (m3), if ρvWhen=0, the runoff is illustrated for interflow (equivalent to clear water), i.e., containing husky pole in water It is few;If ρv>When 0, illustrate that the runoff for overland flow (equivalent to mixed water), i.e., contains certain silt in water.The drying is weighed Although method can gather runoff sample by the different time periods being changed with testing and analyzing sediment charge, exist and measured The defect that journey is cumbersome, workload is big, the cycle is long.
The content of the invention
The present invention can provide basis for the analog study of soil erosion dynamic process, the foundation of soil erosion prediction model Data, to monitor and forecasting that soil erosion process and bringing soil erosion under control decision-making provide scientific basis, while to research soil invade Erosion dynamic process it is extremely important, there is provided one kind can rapidly, continuously, real time dynamic measurement slope runoff silt content, shorten detection Cycle, the system and detection method that improve certainty of measurement, simplify the dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge for operating.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:A kind of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge is System, it includes weighing sensor, the mistake flow cartridge being arranged at the top of weighing sensor and the cover being installed at the top of flow cartridge, institute The drainage tube of cover is provided through on the cover stated, stop valve is connected with drainage tube, set on the side wall of described mistake flow cartridge Be equipped with conduit, one end of conduit be connected with positioned at annular conduit in flow cartridge, the other end is connected with water pump, the post of annular conduit Multiple hole for water sprayings are distributed with face and along its cylinder, the bottom of described mistake flow cartridge is provided with arc groove, in arc groove It is rotatably installed with screw rod, an axle journal of screw rod is connected with motor, connection is provided with the outer bottom surface of described mistake flow cartridge Cross arc groove and, in the inclined tube of angle setting, magnetic valve is connected with inclined tube, in described mistake flow cartridge with flow cartridge basal surface excessively Liquid-level switch is provided with the wall of side, between screw rod and annular conduit, zero is provided with described mistake flow cartridge inner bottom surface Liquid level sensor, the system also includes computer, described computer and magnetic valve, stop valve, weighing sensor, water pump, electricity The connection of machine, zero liquid level sensor and liquid-level switch.
Described inclined tube and the angle crossed between flow cartridge basal surface are 45~60 °.
Described drainage tube is set perpendicular to cover.
The axis of described drainage tube overlaps with the axis of annular conduit.
Described zero liquid level sensor is located at the lower section of screw rod.
The method of described system dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge, it is comprised the following steps:
Stop valve and magnetic valve are in closed mode under S1, original state, cross and any silt and water are free of in flow cartridge;Profit The gross mass of the part on part, cover and cover for weighed flow cartridge with weighing sensor, crossing in flow cartridge is W1(kg), claim Retransmit sensor and weight information is passed into Computer Storage;
The detection of S2, first group of slope runoff sediment charge, slope runoff to be detected is connected on drainage tube, is opened and is cut Only valve, slope runoff entered in flow cartridge through drainage tube, and slope runoff forms relative current stabilization state and gradually lifts crossing in flow cartridge High liquid level (HLL), when liquid level rises to liquid-level switch position, liquid-level switch sends electric signal to computer, computer controls stop valve Immediately close off, simultaneous computer triggers weighing sensor action after receiving the electric signal, and weighing sensor weighed flow cartridge, mistake The gross mass of the part on part, cover and cover in flow cartridge is W2(kg), weighing sensor passes to weight information Computer Storage, has claimed rear computer controls magnetic valve to open, the silt crossed in flow cartridge and water along inclined tube through magnetic valve gradually Discharge;After a period of time, computer controls electric motor starting, motor drives screw rod to rotate, and screw rod accelerates that arc will be deposited on Silt and water in connected in star are transported in inclined tube;After 1~2min, computer controls starting mode of pump, water pump is by outside clear water It is pumped into annular conduit through conduit, high pressure clear water is ejected along all directions, to wash away the silt of excessively stream tube inner surface and basal surface; After through 30~40s, detected in flow cartridge whether with the presence of silt and to be in real time sent to testing result using zero liquid level sensor Computer, if without silt, computer controls water pump, motor, closed electromagnetic valve;
The calculating of S3, first group of slope runoff sediment charge ρ, computer is according to formula:G=W2-W1Calculate tested calibrating The gross mass G (kg) of silt and water in stream;
According to formula:Calculate sediment charge ρ (kg/m in detected slope runoff3), wherein ρs It is standard silt density, ρs=2.65x103kg/m3, ρwIt is clear water density, ρw=1.0x103kg/m3;V(m3) for liquid-level switch away from Volume between arc groove bottom surface;
The calculating of S4, second group of radial flow sediment content, opens stop valve, subsequent repeat step S1~S3, you can obtain the Two groups of radial flow sediment contents;Such circulate operation can produce the graph of a relation of radial flow sediment content ρ and time t.
The present invention has advantages below:(1) present invention can rapidly, continuously, real time dynamic measurement slope runoff silt content, Shorten detection cycle, improve certainty of measurement, simplify operation.(2) present invention can be soil erosion dynamic process analog study, The foundation of soil erosion prediction model provides basic data, to monitor and forecasting soil erosion process and bringing soil erosion under control decision-making Scientific basis is provided, while extremely important to research dynamics of soil erosion process.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the top view of annular conduit;
Fig. 3 is the scheme of installation of arc groove and screw rod;
In figure, 1- weighing sensors, 2- crosses flow cartridge, 3- covers, 4- drainage tubes, 5- stop valves, 6- conduits, 7- annular water Pipe, 8- water pumps, 9- hole for water sprayings, 10- screw rods, 11- motors, 12- inclined tubes, 13- magnetic valves, 14- liquid-level switches, 15- zero liquid levels Sensor, 16- computers, 17- arc grooves.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to as described below:
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a kind of system of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge, it includes weighing sensor 1, sets The mistake flow cartridge 2 for being placed in the top of weighing sensor 1 and the cover 3 for being installed on the top of flow cartridge 2, are provided with described cover 3 Through the drainage tube 4 of cover 3, drainage tube 4 is set perpendicular to cover 3, and stop valve 5, described mistake flow cartridge are connected with drainage tube 4 Be provided with conduit 6 on 2 side wall, one end of conduit 6 be connected with positioned at annular conduit 7 in flow cartridge 2, the axis of drainage tube 4 Axis with annular conduit 7 overlaps, and the other end is connected with water pump 8, is distributed with the cylinder of annular conduit 7 and along its cylinder many Individual hole for water spraying 9, the bottom of described mistake flow cartridge 2 is provided with arc groove 17, arc groove 17 and is rotatably installed with screw rod 10, One axle journal of screw rod 10 is connected with motor 11, is provided with the outer bottom surface of described mistake flow cartridge 2 and connected arc groove 17 And with cross the inclined tube 12 that flow cartridge 2 basal surface is set in angle, inclined tube 12 and the angle crossed between the basal surface of flow cartridge 2 are 45~60 °, Accelerate flowing under deadweight to accelerate silt and water, magnetic valve 13 is connected with inclined tube 12, magnetic valve 13 is connected with inclined tube 12.
On the described madial wall of mistake flow cartridge 2, liquid-level switch 14, institute are provided between screw rod 10 and annular conduit 7 Zero liquid level sensor 15 is provided with the inner bottom surface of mistake flow cartridge 2 stated, zero liquid level sensor 15 is located at the lower section of screw rod 10, zero Liquid level sensor 15 is used to detect whether the bottom of flow cartridge 2 also contains silt.As shown in figure 1, the system also includes computer 16, described computer 16 and magnetic valve 13, stop valve 5, weighing sensor 1, water pump 8, motor 11, zero liquid level sensor 15 with And liquid-level switch 14 is connected.
As shown in figure 1, the method for described system dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge, it is comprised the following steps:
Stop valve 5 and magnetic valve 13 are in closed mode under S1, original state, cross in flow cartridge 2 without any silt and Water;The gross mass of the part on part, cover 3 and cover 3 for weighed flow cartridge 2 using weighing sensor 1, crossing in flow cartridge 2 It is W1(kg), weight information is passed to computer 16 and stored by weighing sensor 1;
The detection of S2, first group of slope runoff sediment charge, slope runoff to be detected is connected on drainage tube 4, is opened Stop valve 5, slope runoff entered in flow cartridge 2 through drainage tube 4, slope runoff cross in flow cartridge 2 formed relative current stabilization state and Liquid level is gradually raised, when liquid level rises to 14 position of liquid-level switch, liquid-level switch 14 sends electric signal to computer 16, calculates The control stop valve 5 of machine 16 is immediately closed off, and triggering weighing sensor 1 is acted after simultaneous computer 16 receives the electric signal, is weighed The gross mass that sensor 1 weighed the part on flow cartridge 2, part, cover 3 and the cover 3 crossed in flow cartridge 2 is W2(kg), claim Weight information is passed to computer 16 and stored by re-transmission sensor 1, has claimed rear computer 16 to control magnetic valve 13 to open, and crosses flow cartridge 2 Interior silt and water is gradually discharged along inclined tube 12 through magnetic valve 13;After a period of time, the controlled motor 11 of computer 16 starts, Motor 11 drives screw rod 10 to rotate, and screw rod 10 accelerates the silt that will be deposited in arc groove 17 and water is transported to inclined tube 12 It is interior;After 1~2min, the control water pump 8 of computer 16 starts, and through conduit 6 be pumped into annular conduit 6 outside clear water by water pump 8, high Pressure clear water is ejected along all directions, to wash away the silt of the inner surface of flow cartridge 2 and basal surface, its purpose is to improve second group Measure the accuracy of silt;After through 30~40s, using zero liquid level sensor 15 detected in flow cartridge 2 whether with the presence of silt simultaneously Testing result is sent to computer 16 in real time, if without silt, the control of computer 16 water pump 8, motor 11, magnetic valve 13 are closed Close, think that second group of detection is prepared;
The calculating of S3, first group of slope runoff sediment charge ρ, computer 16 is according to formula:G=W2-W1Calculate detected The gross mass G (kg) of silt and water in runoff;
According to formula:Calculate sediment charge ρ (kg/m in detected slope runoff3), wherein ρs It is standard silt density, ρs=2.65x103(kg/m3), ρwIt is clear water density, ρw=1.0x103kg/m3;V(m3) it is liquid-level switch 14 volume away between the bottom surface of arc groove 17;
The calculating of S4, second group of radial flow sediment content, opens stop valve 5, subsequent repeat step S1~S3, you can obtain the Two groups of radial flow sediment contents;Such circulate operation can produce the graph of a relation of radial flow sediment content ρ and time t, be that soil is invaded Lose the analog study of dynamic process, the foundation of soil erosion prediction model basic data is provided, to monitor and forecasting soil erosion Process and bringing soil erosion under control decision-making provide scientific basis.
Additionally, the dynamic sediment charge system is detected compared to traditional oven drying method, can dynamic be surveyed rapidly, continuously, in real time Amount slope runoff silt content, with detection cycle it is short, certainty of measurement is high the characteristics of, while realize automatically control operation, without It is artificial on duty, mitigate operator's amount of labour.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to described herein Form, is not to be taken as the exclusion to other embodiment, and can be used for various other combinations, modification and environment, and can be at this In the text contemplated scope, it is modified by the technology or knowledge of above-mentioned teaching or association area.And those skilled in the art are entered Capable change and change does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, then all should be in the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention It is interior.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of system of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge, it is characterised in that:It includes weighing sensor (1), sets Mistake flow cartridge (2) at the top of weighing sensor (1) and the cover (3) being installed at the top of flow cartridge (2), described cover (3) On be provided through the drainage tube (4) of cover (3), be connected with stop valve (5) on drainage tube (4), the side of described mistake flow cartridge (2) Be provided with conduit (6) on wall, one end of conduit (6) be connected with positioned at annular conduit (7) in flow cartridge (2), other end connection There is water pump (8), multiple hole for water sprayings (9), described mistake flow cartridge (2) are distributed with the cylinder of annular conduit (7) and along its cylinder Bottom be provided with arc groove (17), is rotatably installed with screw rod (10), an axle of screw rod (10) in arc groove (17) Neck is connected with motor (11), is provided with the outer bottom surface of described mistake flow cartridge (2) and connected arc groove (17) and and excessively stream The inclined tube (12) that cylinder (2) basal surface is set in angle, is connected with magnetic valve (13), in described mistake flow cartridge (2) on inclined tube (12) Liquid-level switch (14), described mistake flow cartridge (2) interior bottom are provided with the wall of side, between screw rod (10) and annular conduit (7) Zero liquid level sensor (15) is provided with surface, the system also includes computer (16), described computer (16) and magnetic valve (13), stop valve (5), weighing sensor (1), water pump (8), motor (11), zero liquid level sensor (15) and liquid-level switch (14) connect.
2. the system of a kind of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described Inclined tube (12) and the angle crossed between flow cartridge (2) basal surface are 45~60 °.
3. the system of a kind of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described Drainage tube (4) is set perpendicular to cover (3).
4. the system of a kind of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described The axis of drainage tube (4) overlaps with the axis of annular conduit (7).
5. the system of a kind of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described Lower section of the zero liquid level sensor (15) positioned at screw rod (10).
6. the method for the system dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge according to any one in Claims 1 to 5, it is special Levy and be:It is comprised the following steps:
Stop valve (5) and magnetic valve (13) are in closed mode under S1, original state, cross and any silt is free of in flow cartridge (2) And water;On part, cover (3) and the cover (3) for weighed flow cartridge (2) using weighing sensor (1), crossing in flow cartridge (2) The gross mass of part is W1(kg), weight information is passed to computer (16) storage by weighing sensor (1);
The detection of S2, first group of slope runoff sediment charge, slope runoff to be detected is connected on drainage tube (4), is opened and is cut Only valve (5), slope runoff entered in flow cartridge (2) through drainage tube (4), and slope runoff forms relative current stabilization crossing in flow cartridge (2) State and liquid level is gradually raised, when liquid level rises to liquid-level switch (14) position, liquid-level switch (14) sends electric signal to meter Calculation machine (16), computer (16) controls stop valve (5) to immediately close off, and simultaneous computer (16) triggers title after receiving the electric signal Sensor (1) action is retransmitted, weighing sensor (1) weighed flow cartridge (2), part, cover (3) and the cover crossed in flow cartridge (2) (3) gross mass of the part on is W2(kg), weight information is passed to computer (16) storage by weighing sensor (1), has been claimed Computer (16) controls magnetic valve (13) to open afterwards, and the silt and water crossed in flow cartridge (2) are along inclined tube (12) through magnetic valve (13) Gradually discharge;After a period of time, computer (16) controlled motor (11) start, and motor (11) drives screw rod (10) to rotate, Screw rod (10) accelerates the silt that will be deposited in arc groove (17) and water is transported in inclined tube (12);After 1~2min, meter Calculation machine (16) controls water pump (8) to start, and through conduit (6) be pumped into annular conduit (6) outside clear water by water pump (8), high pressure clear water Ejected along all directions, to wash away the silt of flow cartridge (2) inner surface and basal surface;After through 30~40s, sensed using zero liquid level Whether device (15) detected in flow cartridge (2) be sent to computer (16) with the presence of silt and in real time by testing result, if without mud Sand, then computer (16) control water pump (8), motor (11), magnetic valve (13) are closed;
The calculating of S3, first group of slope runoff sediment charge ρ, computer (16) is according to formula:G=W2-W1Calculate tested calibrating The gross mass G (kg) of silt and water in stream;
According to formula:Calculate sediment charge ρ (kg/m in detected slope runoff3), wherein ρsIt is mark Quasi- silt density, ρs=2.65x103kg/m3, ρwIt is clear water density, ρw=1.0x103kg/m3;V(m3) for liquid-level switch (14) away from Volume between arc groove (17) bottom surface;
The calculating of S4, second group of radial flow sediment content, opens stop valve (5), subsequent repeat step S1~S3, you can obtain second Group radial flow sediment content;Such circulate operation can produce the graph of a relation of radial flow sediment content ρ and time t.
CN201710078279.9A 2017-02-14 2017-02-14 A kind of system and detection method of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge Pending CN106769607A (en)

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CN107238695A (en) * 2017-07-26 2017-10-10 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 A kind of soil runoff observation subdistrict construction
CN107271223A (en) * 2017-06-20 2017-10-20 中国水利水电科学研究院 A kind of indoor soil tank experiment runoff and sediment continuous sampling measuring system and method
CN107907663A (en) * 2017-12-20 2018-04-13 北京林业大学 The measurement system and its construction method of a kind of runoff and sediment and interflow
CN108007815A (en) * 2017-12-06 2018-05-08 淮阴师范学院 Unattended runoff silt content detection device and system
CN109425722A (en) * 2017-08-29 2019-03-05 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 A kind of runoff of sloping field and corrode sink experimental provision
CN110031356A (en) * 2019-05-10 2019-07-19 长春合利水土保持科技有限公司 Sediment content measuring device in a kind of portable runoff
CN110031370A (en) * 2019-03-29 2019-07-19 西安理工大学 The measuring device and monitoring method of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces silt based on the identification of runoff turbidity
CN112113882A (en) * 2020-09-11 2020-12-22 中国水利水电第七工程局成都水电建设工程有限公司 Automatic monitor for flushing state of drill hole
CN113884404A (en) * 2021-08-22 2022-01-04 武汉新烽光电股份有限公司 Method and device for measuring sediment content of river channel
CN114720317A (en) * 2022-04-15 2022-07-08 中国农业大学 Method and device for improving measurement accuracy of runoff sand content by volume displacement method
CN115032108A (en) * 2022-08-04 2022-09-09 徐州徐工基础工程机械有限公司 Mud sand content detection device and method and engineering machinery
CN115266454A (en) * 2022-07-22 2022-11-01 四川大学 Movable runoff sediment content intelligent monitoring equipment for mountain torrent disasters
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CN107271223A (en) * 2017-06-20 2017-10-20 中国水利水电科学研究院 A kind of indoor soil tank experiment runoff and sediment continuous sampling measuring system and method
CN107271223B (en) * 2017-06-20 2020-03-17 中国水利水电科学研究院 Continuous sampling and measuring system and method for runoff and sediment in indoor soil tank test
CN107238695A (en) * 2017-07-26 2017-10-10 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 A kind of soil runoff observation subdistrict construction
CN109425722A (en) * 2017-08-29 2019-03-05 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 A kind of runoff of sloping field and corrode sink experimental provision
CN108007815A (en) * 2017-12-06 2018-05-08 淮阴师范学院 Unattended runoff silt content detection device and system
CN107907663B (en) * 2017-12-20 2023-11-10 北京林业大学 Runoff sediment and in-soil flow measuring system and construction method thereof
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CN114720317B (en) * 2022-04-15 2024-05-14 中国农业大学 Method and device for improving measurement accuracy of runoff sand content by volume displacement method
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Application publication date: 20170531