CN106644919A - Test method for determining property changes and erosion effect of topsoil - Google Patents
Test method for determining property changes and erosion effect of topsoil Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test method for determining property changes and an erosion effect of topsoil. A typical soil type test slope surface in a research area is selected, drying treatment and wetting treatment are alternatively conducted on test soil the same times, physicochemical property indexes of the soil are measured after drying treatment is conducted on the test soil each time, and then wetting treatment is conducted at once to measure the erosion amount of the soil; the test slop surface is an in-situ area of which surface vegetation is pruned, and the moisture content of the initial test soil reaches the highest field capacity; drying treatment and wetting treatment are alternatively conducted on the in-situ area not less than three times; manual water filling is adopted in wetting treatment to reach the highest field capacity; in drying treatment, the soil is naturally exposed in the sun under the temperature threshold condition of 25 DEG C to 35 DEG C, and the moisture content of the soil is made to reach a wilting coefficient by combining a soil temperature and moisture control system air cooler and a vertical air duct part. The test method is reasonable in design, the property changes and the erosion effect of the slop surface topsoil under the drying and wetting alternation condition can be determined, and the important significance on verification of the water and soil imbalance process mechanism under the influences of a changing environment is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental ecology test method, and in particular to the examination of a kind of measure table soil attribute change and etching effect
Proved recipe method and its pilot system.
Background technology
The climatic phenomenon such as arid and Extreme Precipitation takes place frequently, and directly affects rainfall, evaporation, the spatial and temporal distributions of runoff situation, changes
Become global hydrologic cycle present situation, aggravation soil water content change causes soil dry-wet Alternate Phenomenon to take place frequently.The dry and wet of soil is handed over
For being the larger process of soil system thermodynamics and hydrology aspect short-term variation, soil physics, chemical property can be made to occur one
Determine degree change；Often there is breathing phenomenon in soil dry-wet alternation procedure, change the distribution of porosity, cause the change of soil volume
Change the development with crack, and affect the processes such as the absorption release of Mineralization of Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus element.
The soil erosion is one of serious environmental problem, including water erosion, wind erosion, mass erosion and freeze-thaw erosion
Deng polytype, in China's majority soil erosion region, leading factor is accounted for the water erosion caused by rainfall, runoff, and slope
Face is the main source of Territorial Soil Erosion.The natural slope that exposed or sparse grass is filled directly is subjected to raindrop splash erosion and runoff punching
Brush, furthermore under alternation of wetting and drying and exposure condition, soil layer construction destruction, soil physics, chemical property are varied widely, and cause soil
Matter is loose, and corrosion stability is weak, exacerbates domatic soil erosion intensity.Natural slope soil erosion influence area ecological safety, its product
Raw a large amount of silts enter river and enter river also to deposit river course, increase pressure of flood, threatening area the people's lives and property safety.
Therefore, the influence research of domatic table soil attribute change and etching effect in carrying out under Wet/Dry Cyclic Conditions, for section
Understanding soil erosion mechanism is learned, domatic soil erosion is prevented and treated, is carried out local area ecological evaluation and be there is greater significance.Existing patent
201210027399.3 disclose a kind of slope water erosion fine analog experimental rig and its test method, by water tank, soil box etc.
Soil water erosion situation under simulation different condition area；Patent 201510853945.2 discloses a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying and rings
The experimental technique of soil respiration should be down determined, with wind desiceted soil is loaded in wide-mouth bottle, different alternation of wetting and drying experiments is realized with drier
The purpose of soil respiration value is determined in design.Prior art is to carry out soil attribute test with lab simulation Wet/Dry Cyclic Conditions,
Because there is certain deviation with the environmental change under natural situation in the simulation control of the indoor environment factor, the result of study for obtaining
Sometimes it is more difficult to carry out preferable coupling analysis with field measuring Parameters variation, limit the research to soil erosion mechanism and imitate
Really；And also fail to further investigate from " solar radiation variations, soil dry-wet alternately change --- soil moisture temperature change ---
The mechanism of soil attribute change --- etching effect change " whole process.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided survey under a kind of Wet/Dry Cyclic Conditions in area in the original location
Determine the test method and its pilot system of table soil attribute change and etching effect.
For achieving the above object, the test method for determining table soil attribute change and etching effect of the present invention, selection is ground
Study carefully area typical case great soil group test domatic, the alternation of wetting and drying that test soil carries out same number is processed, it is each to the test soil
After dried process, soil physico-chemical property index is determined, moistening process is carried out immediately after, determine soil erosion amount；The test
The domatic home location area to wipe out top layer vegetation, test initial soil moisture content reaches maximum field capacity；To the home location area
Alternation of wetting and drying number of processes be no less than 3 times；The moistening is processed and reaches maximum field capacity using artificial bath, described to hold
The water yield>20%；The dried process adopts soil natural solarization under 25～35 DEG C of temperature threshold condition, and with reference to soil temperature
Degree moisture control subsystem air-cooler, vertical ducting part, make soil moisture content reach wilting coefficient, water content ＜ 10%；
The soil physico-chemical property index is determined after dried process and includes but is not limited to the soil weight, moisture, the content of organic matter, group
Aggressiveness, particle composition, the degree of packing, micro-structural；Flush water flow (m is determined when moistening is processed3/ h), silt content (g/L), dry ground weight
WLDS(g)；The change of the solar radiation of results of regular determination home location area, the soil moisture, soil heat, the degree of packing and surface configuration；It is described
Surface configuration change includes but is not limited to surface cracks change；The soil erosion effect is levied by topography variation scale.
Wherein described water-retaining quantity among field of soil (Water Holding Capacity, WHC) is considered as a long time soil
Earth to be stablized the highest soil moisture content for keeping, and is also the maximum that suspended water is kept in soil, is effective to crop
Highest Soil Water Content.Physiochemical properties of soil determine referring especially to《Soil agrochemistry analysis method》Method enter
Row is determined：The soil weight adopts core cutter method, and soil water content is weighed measure using Wilcocks (Wilcox) method, and soil has
Machine matter content adopts potassium bichromate Outside Heating Method (K2Cr2O7-H2SO4Method), soil agreegate is determined using wet screening, soil particle
Composition is determined with Malvern laser particle analyzer, and soil density is determined with degree of packing instrument, and soil microstructure adopts graphical analysis side
Method, the fracture pattern characteristic image to shooting extracts Microstructure Information after analyzing.
In above method, wiping out top layer vegetation can evade impact of the vegetation effect to soil；Using building home location area
Mode, more accurate measurements, contrast alternation of wetting and drying following table soil attribute change and erosion difference little to soil disturbance.Soil often experiences 1
After secondary complete alternation of wetting and drying is processed, collection is dried soil sample and determines soil physico-chemical property index, and immediately moistening is processed after measure, determines
Soil erosion amount, characterizes domatic top soil erosion effect.
Preferably, soil erosion effect is calculated by close-shot photography measure technique, is concretely comprised the following steps：
S1, setting control point, obtain test photo：Before processing is moistened, in the original location area's boundary interval arranges some control points,
Each control point coordinates (x, y, z) determines by GPS；Before and after each bath, camera is respectively adopted and focuses bat from different perspectives
Take home location area topography variation photo；
S2, process photo generate cloud data collection：Photograph collection to covering home location area carries out topographic data processing, and foundation
The 3D point cloud model of control point Coordinate generation true coordinate；
S3, calculating the erosion caused by sloping surfaces benefit：Numeral under the conditions of the point cloud model data genaration difference alternation of wetting and drying for generating is high
Journey model (Digital Elevation Model, DEM), it is quantitative to calculate fracture intensity in During Flooding And Draining Alternating Process, Ran Houtong
Contrast different phase DEM analysis home location area topography variation amount is crossed, etching effect is finally calculated.
Preferably, the camera be digital single-lens reflex camera, valid pixel more than 12,000,000.
When processing home location area alternation of wetting and drying in methods described using the soil moisture moisture control subsystem control environment temperature,
Soil moisture content conditional indicator；The soil moisture moisture control subsystem passes through heater, compressor bank, air-cooler, vertical hot air
Road, temperature sensor and temperature controller part are controlled to temperature；Reached by the artificial bath that manually discharges water when moistening is processed
To maximum field capacity；Soil moisture content is set to be less than 10% by air-cooler, vertical ducting part.The soil moisture moisture
Control system ensures that the environment value of home location area is consistent, reduces test error；And evade the natural weathers such as precipitation to process of the test
Interference, reduce environmental error.
Specifically, during experiment, daily 9:00～19:00, the solar radiation, soil at interval of 2h results of regular determination home location areas
The change of temperature, soil heat, the degree of packing and surface configuration.The solar radiation quantity is measured using Procheck radiation survey meters；
The soil moisture, soil heat are measured using KD2Pro thermal characteristic measurements instrument；The degree of packing is surveyed using soil density instrument
Amount；The surface configuration changes by cameras record.Wherein, solar radiation quantity and soil heat can in soil moisture attenuation process
Different degree of dryings of the quantitatively characterizing in dried process.
Preferably, multiple home location areas are set up, the time interval processed each home location area alternation of wetting and drying is different.First original
The each alternation of wetting and drying in position area process at intervals of 1 day, then the interval difference 4* (i- that each alternation of wetting and drying of i-th home location area is processed
1)+1 day.Specifically, arrange 3 home location areas, the interval that each alternation of wetting and drying of each home location area is processed is respectively 1 day, 5 days, 9
My god.Different intervals is adopted described in above method, and different interval differs many days so that and dried process is closer to actual soil
Earth moisture damped cycle, simulates to greatest extent the truth that natural weather Soil Under Conditions experience alternation of wetting and drying.
Specifically, 5 alternations of wetting and drying are carried out to home location area to process.Home location area size 2m × 1.2m.
A kind of measure table soil attribute change and the test method and its pilot system of etching effect that the present invention is provided are beneficial
Effect is embodied in：(1) using test method of the present invention, different domatic hydro-thermals under different drying and wettings can be studied and is become
Change the situation of change of feature, soil property and form, different table great soil group types and alternation of wetting and drying bar under quantification reflection actual conditions
Part Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil attribute changes and etching effect difference；(2) by building home location area and selecting closer to actual soil moisture
The dry and wet process cycle of damped cycle so that actual, result of more fitting for the more traditional simulation laboratory test of this test method is more
For accurate；(3) by arranging different exposure durations, different drought degrees are simulated, analyzes the Erosion and Sediment Production benefit of Soil Slope, be
Optimization water and soil conservation configuration measure provides scientific basis.In a word, using the test method of the present invention, alternation of wetting and drying bar can be determined
Part Caused by Sloping Surfaces table soil attribute change and etching effect, hand over for solar radiation variations under the influence of changing environment, soil dry-wet is verified
For change, --- etching effect change procedure mechanism has important meaning to soil moisture temperature change --- soil attribute change ---
Justice.Test method global design rationally, with operability, is suitable for being promoted when similar research is carried out in national all kinds of hillside fields.
Description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, is not construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 is home location area floor map of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the enforcement to the present invention is further described.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of simulated test for determining Wet/Dry Cyclic Conditions Caused by Sloping Surfaces table soil attribute change and etching effect
Method, chooses research area typical case's great soil group and tests domatic, and the alternation of wetting and drying that same number is carried out to testing soil is processed, to the examination
After testing each dried process of soil, soil physico-chemical property index is determined, moistening process is carried out immediately after, determine the soil erosion
Amount.Described to test the domatic home location area to wipe out top layer vegetation, test initial soil moisture content reaches maximum field capacity；It is right
The alternation of wetting and drying number of processes of the home location area is no less than 3 times；The moistening process reaches maximum field and holds using artificial bath
The water yield, the water-holding capacity>20%；The dried process adopts soil natural solarization under 25～35 DEG C of temperature threshold condition,
Until soil moisture content reaches wilting coefficient, water content ＜ 10%.
In the present embodiment, research area typical case great soil group test is chosen domatic,：Dry red soil, vertisol and new product slight slope face, note
For A, B, C, wipe out top layer vegetation to evade impact of the vegetation effect to soil；As shown in Figure 1, in the domatic difference of every kind of test
3 parallel home location areas of arrangement, size 2m × 1.2m is designated as a, b, c；The alternation of wetting and drying of 5 times is carried out to each home location area
Process, be denoted as respectively I, II, III, IV, V time；The time interval that each home location area alternation of wetting and drying is processed is respectively 1 day, 4*
(2-1)+1 day, 4* (3-1)+1 day, i.e., 1 day, 5 days, 9 days, the date that the different home location area alternations of wetting and drying of different great soil groups are processed
Table is as shown in appendix 1.Soil moisture moisture control subsystem control ring is utilized when processing home location area alternation of wetting and drying in the present embodiment
Border temperature, soil moisture content conditional indicator；The soil moisture moisture control subsystem by heater, compressor bank, air-cooler,
Vertical air channel, temperature sensor and temperature controller part are controlled to temperature；It is artificial by manually discharging water when moistening is processed
Bath reaches maximum field capacity；Soil moisture content is set to be less than 10% by air-cooler, vertical ducting part.And such as Fig. 1
It is shown, in 3 domatic home location areas of every kind of test, bury at upper soll layer 10cm and be designed with soil moisture detector, arrange
Into the grid of multiple soil moisture measuring instruments of 40*40cm.
In subordinate list 1, A, B and C refer to dry red soil, vertisol and new product slight slope face；A, b, c refer to same domatic 3 it is parallel
Home location area；1. interval, 2. and is 3. referred to 1,5 and 9 days；Ith, II, III, IV, V the 1st, 2,3,4 and 5 alternations of wetting and drying are represented respectively
Process.
The different dry wet process soil sample acquisition time node of table 1
Soil is often experienced after 1 complete alternation of wetting and drying process, gathers soil physico-chemical property index, including but not limited to soil
Unit weight, moisture, the content of organic matter, aggregate, particle composition, the degree of packing, micro-structural；Moistening determines Wash flow when processing
Amount (m3/ h), silt content (g/L), dry ground weight WLDS (g)；The solar radiation of results of regular determination home location area, the soil moisture, Soil Thermal
The change of amount, the degree of packing and surface configuration；The surface configuration change includes but is not limited to surface cracks change；The soil erosion
Effect is levied by topography variation scale, obtains up short photo by the way that the number list of valid pixel more than 12,000,000 is anti-phase, specifically
Calculation procedure is：
S1, setting control point, obtain test photo：Before processing is moistened, in the original location area's boundary interval arranges some control points,
Each control point coordinates (x, y, z) determines by GPS；Before and after each bath, camera is respectively adopted and focuses bat from different perspectives
Take home location area topography variation photo；
S2, process photo generate cloud data collection：Photograph collection to covering home location area carries out topographic data processing, and foundation
The 3D point cloud model of control point Coordinate generation true coordinate；
S3, calculating the erosion caused by sloping surfaces benefit：Numeral under the conditions of the point cloud model data genaration difference alternation of wetting and drying for generating is high
Journey model (Digital Elevation Model, DEM), it is quantitative to calculate fracture intensity in During Flooding And Draining Alternating Process, Ran Houtong
Contrast different phase DEM analysis home location area topography variation amount is crossed, etching effect is finally calculated.
As shown in subordinate list 2, daily 9:00～19:00, solar radiation at interval of 2 hours regular results of regular determination home location areas,
The change of the soil moisture, soil heat, the degree of packing and surface configuration.The solar radiation quantity is surveyed using Procheck radiation survey meters
Amount, the soil moisture, soil heat are measured using KD2Pro thermal characteristic measurements instrument, and the degree of packing adopts soil density instrument
Measurement.The surface configuration change is characterized with surface cracks change, by cameras record.Wherein, solar radiation quantity and soil heat
Being capable of different degree of dryings of the quantitatively characterizing in dried process.
The Soil Slope attribute change measurement scheme of table 2
Complete the test of domatic table soil attribute change and etching effect in determining under Wet/Dry Cyclic Conditions.
The present invention domatic surface soil attribute change and etching effect index after all previous alternation of wetting and drying of measurement, can obtain
The response difference of soil attribute dynamic changing data and soil type to extreme climate under extreme temperature, is to carry out domatic soil
Earth is administered and provides foundation.
Above in association with being exemplarily described to the present invention, it is clear that the present invention is implemented and do not limited by aforesaid way
System, if the improvement of the various unsubstantialities that method of the present invention design and technical scheme are carried out is employed, or not improved general
The design and technical scheme of the present invention directly applies to other occasions, within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of test method for determining the native attribute change of table and etching effect, chooses research area typical case's great soil group and tests domatic, right
Test soil carries out the alternation of wetting and drying of same number and processes, after each dried process of the test soil, measure soil physical chemistry
Property index, carries out immediately after moistening process, determines soil erosion amount；Methods described is characterised by：
Described to test the domatic home location area to wipe out top layer vegetation, test initial soil moisture content reaches maximum field capacity；
The alternation of wetting and drying number of processes of the home location area is no less than 3 times；The moistening is processed and reaches maximum field using artificial bath
Water-holding capacity, the water-holding capacity>20%；The dried process is exposed naturally using soil under 25～35 DEG C of temperature threshold condition
Shine, and with reference to soil moisture moisture control subsystem air-cooler, vertical ducting part, make soil moisture content reach wilting coefficient, institute
State water content ＜ 10%；
The soil physico-chemical property index is determined after dried process include but is not limited to the soil weight, moisture, organic matter and contain
Amount, aggregate, particle composition, the degree of packing, micro-structural；Flush water flow (m is determined when moistening is processed3/ h), silt content (g/L),
Dry ground weight WLDS (g)；
The change of the solar radiation of results of regular determination home location area, the soil moisture, soil heat, the degree of packing and surface configuration；The earth's surface
Metamorphosis includes but is not limited to surface cracks change；The soil erosion effect is levied by topography variation scale.
2. the test method for determining table soil attribute change and etching effect according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Soil erosion effect is calculated by close-shot photography measure technique, is concretely comprised the following steps：
S1, setting control point, obtain test photo：Moistening before processing, in the original location some control points of area's boundary interval setting, each to control
Point coordinates (x, y, z) processed determines by GPS；Before and after each bath, camera is respectively adopted focuses bat from different perspectives and take original
Position area topography variation photo；
S2, process photo generate cloud data collection：Photograph collection to covering home location area carries out topographic data processing, and according to control
Point coordinates generates the 3D point cloud model of true coordinate；
S3, calculating the erosion caused by sloping surfaces benefit：By digital elevation mould under the conditions of the point cloud model data genaration difference alternation of wetting and drying for generating
Type (Digital Elevation Model, DEM), it is quantitative to calculate fracture intensity in During Flooding And Draining Alternating Process, then by right
Home location area topography variation amount is analyzed than different phase DEM, etching effect is finally calculated.
3. the test method for determining table soil attribute change and etching effect according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described
Camera is digital single-lens reflex camera, valid pixel more than 12,000,000.
4. measure table soil attribute change according to any one of claim 1,2,3 and the test method of etching effect, it is special
Levy and be：When processing home location area alternation of wetting and drying in methods described using the soil moisture moisture control subsystem control environment temperature,
Soil moisture content conditional indicator；The soil moisture moisture control subsystem passes through heater, compressor bank, air-cooler, vertical hot air
Road, temperature sensor and temperature controller part are controlled to temperature；Reached by the artificial bath that manually discharges water when moistening is processed
To maximum field capacity；Soil moisture content is set to be less than 10% by air-cooler, vertical ducting part.
5. the test method for determining table soil attribute change and etching effect according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Experiment
Period, daily 9:00～19:00, it is solar radiation, the soil moisture, soil heat at interval of 2 hours results of regular determination home location areas, tight
Solidity and surface configuration change；The solar radiation quantity is measured using Procheck radiation survey meters；The soil moisture, soil
Heat is measured using KD2Pro thermal characteristic measurements instrument；The degree of packing is measured using soil density instrument；The surface configuration becomes
Change by cameras record.
6. measure table soil attribute change according to any one of claim 1,2,3,5 and the test method of etching effect, its
It is characterised by：Multiple home location areas are set up, the time interval processed each home location area alternation of wetting and drying is different；If first home location area
Every time alternation of wetting and drying process at intervals of 1 day, then interval difference 4* (i-1)+1 that each alternation of wetting and drying of i-th home location area is processed
My god.
7. the test method for determining table soil attribute change and etching effect according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Arrangement
3 home location areas, the interval that each alternation of wetting and drying of each home location area is processed is respectively 1 day, 5 days, 9 days.
8. measure table soil attribute change according to any one of claim 1,2,3,5,7 and the test method of etching effect,
It is characterized in that：Home location area size 2m × 1.2m, 5 alternations of wetting and drying is carried out to home location area and is processed.
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| CN107796331B (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-06-21 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Soil surface form monitoring device, the monitoring of soil surface form and data analysing method based on push-broom type LiDAR |
| CN111442796A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-24 | 王昱程 | Stabilize effectual soil and water conservation monitoring devices |
| CN110375668A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-10-25 | 西北农林科技大学 | Loess Surface mima type microrelief Surface Reconstruction based on point cloud data |
| CN113406298A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-17 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Method for detecting fertility of soil |
| CN114034629A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-11 | 重庆交通大学 | Rock mass dry-wet circulation damage monitoring system and method in chemical corrosion environment |
| CN114034629B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2024-01-30 | 重庆交通大学 | Rock mass dry-wet circulation damage monitoring system and method in chemical corrosion environment |
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