CN105301178A - Experimental method measuring soil respiration via laboratory simulating dry-wet alternate responses - Google Patents
Experimental method measuring soil respiration via laboratory simulating dry-wet alternate responses Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004158 soil respiration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002479 acid--base titration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 102
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 28
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004237 Crocus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000596148 Crocus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental method measuring soil respiration via laboratory simulating dry-wet alternate responses. The experimental method at least comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a wide-mouthed bottle, recording the weight of the wide-mouthed bottle, filling the wide-mouthed bottle with air-dried soil, recording the total weight of the wide-mouthed bottle and the air-dried soil, hanging a desiccant bag in the wide-mouthed bottle, and placing the wide-mouthed bottle in a temperature control system, wherein the wide-mouthed bottle comprises a perforated rubber plug and a glass tube, the perforated rubber plug is arranged at the opening of the wide-mouthed bottle, the glass tube is arranged in the hole of the perforated rubber plug, the top end of the glass tube is sleeved by a latex tube, and the top end of the latex tube is blocked by a flatjaw pinchcock; step 2, measuring gas which is exhausted from soil respiration according an alkali absorption method and an acid-base titration method. The experimental method has the excellent effects that the values of soil respiration within the specified time in the design of different experiments can be achieved, and samples of different numbers can be measured; the operation is simple, convenient and rapid, and the production cost is low; the experimental method can be operated in a common laboratory.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the experimental technique technical field measuring soil respiration, particularly relate to the lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response.
Background technology
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration rising directly can cause the increase of the long-wave radiation of the Atmospheric Absorption sun, causes that global the temperature rises, makes the fluctuation of weather fierceness.Relevant research institution estimates, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration rises 1 times and makes global warming 2 ~ 4 DEG C, and polar region heats outstanding Sheng.The fast melt of polar region permafrost ice sheet, makes sea level rise in the time of 100 ~ 200 years 5m, greatly reduces land surface, threaten the residential security of the mankind and terrestrial life.Therefore, global warming is a hot issue in current global environmental change research.
Soil respiration is the key link of terrestrial ecosystems Carbon cycle, has become to air release CO
2maximum source, the carbon of soil storage is up to 1.394 × 10
18g, circulation reaches 68 ± 4 × 10 every year
15g, its very little change all can cause Atmospheric CO
2the very large change of concentration.Forest soil carbon is the important component part of global carbon budget, is also effect of human activity Atmospheric CO
2the crucial ecological process that concentration raises.
From at the beginning of eighties of last century, people just pay close attention to soil respiration always, and the thing followed finds certain suitable method to measure the speed of soil respiration.
According to the difference of soil incubation processing mode, field measuring and indoor cultivation is divided into by the experimental technique measuring soil respiration to measure.Field measuring is directly measured with regard to soil surface in the wild, adopts large-scale instrument more; Fresh soil sample is mainly taken back laboratory according to certain soil basketing method and is cultivated by indoor cultivation mensuration, adopts distinct methods to measure.
The assay method of above-mentioned soil respiration, is divided into again soil respiration direct measuring method and Indirect Determination.Soil respiration Direct Determination is divided into three major types, is static gas method, dynamically air chamber method and microclimate method respectively.
Static gas method measures in certain hour, the CO that in sealed gas chamber, soil respiration produces
2amount, is measured by two kinds of methods, and a kind of is measure with gas chromatographicanalyzer, infrared spectrum analyser the CO extracting gas before and after certain hour
2concentration difference, also referred to as sealed gas chamber method; Another kind absorbs by alkali titration or alkali weight method and calculate CO
2discharge capacity, can be described as static alkali absorption method.Dynamic air chamber method, to CO in air chamber
2concentration carries out METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION, and one is in sealed gas chamber, directly measures with infrared gas analyzer, and another kind is by circulated gases, measures CO with infrared gas analyzer or alkali lye
2over time.Microclimate method, measures earth's surface emission flux of gas according to meteorology principle.
Except measuring soil respiration, the moisture that also will carry out alternation of wetting and drying controls to cultivate for a long time with soil, needs to assemble between assay method and Earth container.Infrared gas analyzer collocation measuring vessel upper air concentration, but in soil incubation device, CO
2gaseous mass mark is heavier, is positioned at device bottom, but if do not rocked when measuring, gas does not mix, and measured value will be on the low side, and instrument costly.
If Portable exhaust gas analyzer and the portable instrument for determining photosynthesis of LI6400 then need to consider to form loop in bubble-tight device.Gas chromatographicanalyzer measures the gas extracted, but the mensuration price of single sample costly, is unsuitable for the simulating lab test that sample size is large.The collocation of existing alkali liquor absorption fado places small beaker in Earth container, then seals soil container, but its sealing must be removable and again assemble, because alkali liquor absorption has certain upper limit, generally take out within a certain period of time, carry out titration, titration draws the CO of absorption
2amount, alkali lye also can only absorb and once then carry out titration, then puts into new alkali lye.Or adopt pipeline or absorption bottle to carry out alkali absorption method, and if same pipeline or absorption bottle measure, the limited sample size of mensuration, material setup time is long, and Measuring Time is also long, and impermeability can not ensure, measured value may be inaccurate; If install this pipeline or absorption bottle to each sample, the space required for constant incubator is very large again.Alkali lye weight method mainly has requirement to the range of weighing of balance and intensive reading, each weigh before also to clean external container, complex operation.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome defect of the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide the lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response.Described experimental technique, under the response of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying, accurately repeatedly can measure the soil respiration value in the fixed time.It is loaded down with trivial details that described experimental technique solves detection method in prior art, and device is expensive, it is large to take up room, the problem of assembling inconvenience.
Experimental technique of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response, at least comprises the following steps:
The first step: select wide-necked bottle and record its weight, load quantitative wind desiceted soil in described wide-necked bottle, and recording the general assembly (TW) of wide-necked bottle and wind desiceted soil; Be arranged in wide-necked bottle by connection cord by unsettled for drying agent bag, the bottleneck of wide-necked bottle is provided with the perforated rubber stopper mated with it, and the glass tube be arranged in the hole of perforated rubber stopper, and make the top of glass tube and bottom be arranged at the both sides of perforated rubber stopper respectively, the top of described glass tube is arranged with emulsion tube, the top of emulsion tube adopts tongs shutoff, makes wide-necked bottle form the space of a sealing, and is positioned in temperature control system by described wide-necked bottle;
Second step: adopt alkali liquor absorption and acid base titration to measure the gas that soil respiration is discharged.
Described technical scheme is preferably, and in a first step, rejects before loading wide-necked bottle to the impurity in wind desiceted soil, and to wind desiceted soil grinding, screening.
Described technical scheme is preferably, and in a first step, described temperature control system is constant temperature illumination box.
Described technical scheme is preferably, and in a first step, the internal diameter of described emulsion tube is less than the external diameter of glass tube.
Described technical scheme is preferably, and in second step, adopts alkali liquor absorption and acid base titration to comprise the step that the gas that soil respiration is discharged is measured:
(1) gas is got: every 24h extracts quantitative gas from the wide-necked bottle of temperature control system; During mensuration, rock wide-necked bottle and the gas in it is mixed, and prevent the drying agent bag be arranged in wide-necked bottle from contacting with wind desiceted soil and drying agent in drying agent bag is trickled down, by the sidewall of the syringe needle of needle tubing through emulsion tube, extracting gases from wide-necked bottle;
(2) alkali liquor absorption and titration: inserted by syringe needle in testing liquid, by the gas inject testing liquid in needle tubing, and fully absorbs gas with testing liquid and is advisable, and add the volume of distilled water adjustment testing liquid to testing liquid after; 3 phenolphthalein indicators are instilled to testing liquid, standard salt acid solution is adopted to carry out titration afterwards, instilling the numerical value of buret internal standard hydrochloric acid solution volume before first standard salt acid solution is titration initial point, when the color of solution is become colorless by pink colour, the volumetric quantities of record standard salt acid solution now; In testing liquid, instill 4 methyl orange indicators again, continue in testing liquid, instill standard salt acid solution, when the color of testing liquid becomes orange from crocus, the volumetric quantities of record standard salt acid solution now, and as titration end-point; Described testing liquid is excessive NaOH solution;
(3) ventilative: after above-mentioned titration, to open perforated rubber stopper, first take out drying agent bag, with the bottleneck ventilation 2-10min of fan facing to wide-necked bottle;
(4) moisture weight controls: be positioned over by wide-necked bottle on balance, record its weight, in wide-necked bottle, the moistening degree that distilled water controls soil in wide-necked bottle is instilled by glue head dropper, or control the degree of drying of soil in wide-necked bottle by changing drying agent bag, thus control the dry and wet state of soil in wide-necked bottle;
(5) seal: pull up emulsion tube, cut off one section of emulsion tube with pin hole, remaining for emulsion tube part is sheathed on glass tube again, tongs is adopted to close the top of emulsion tube, rubber plug is covered tightly the bottleneck of wide-necked bottle, finally wide-necked bottle is positioned in temperature control system and continues to cultivate, and the time of temperature control system put in record; Until the gas extracted again after 24h in wide-necked bottle carries out titration test;
(6) data processing: according to the concentration of standard salt acid solution and the volume of standard salt acid solution that consumes, by calculating the content of the carbon dioxide in needle tubing, and draw the content of the carbon dioxide that soil produces in wide-necked bottle.In above-mentioned steps, step (1)-(6) cycling achieves the checker of soil dry-wet state and the mensuration of carbon dioxide gas content in wide-necked bottle.
Further, described drying agent bag adopts discolour silica gel to make.Can again recycle after the drying agent of wide-necked bottle taking-up wraps in 110 DEG C of oven dry 2h.
The lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response, at least comprises the following steps:
The first step: select wide-necked bottle and record its weight, load quantitative wind desiceted soil in described wide-necked bottle, and recording the general assembly (TW) of wide-necked bottle and wind desiceted soil; Be arranged in wide-necked bottle by connection cord by unsettled for drying agent bag, the bottleneck of wide-necked bottle is provided with the perforated rubber stopper mated with it, perforated rubber stopper is provided with two holes, and each hole is provided with the glass tube mated with it, and make the top of glass tube and bottom be arranged at the both sides of perforated rubber stopper respectively, and the top of two glass tubes is equipped with emulsion tube, and emulsion tube adopts tongs shutoff, make wide-necked bottle form an airtight space, and described wide-necked bottle is positioned in temperature control system;
Second step: adopt instrumental measurement to measure the gas that soil respiration is discharged.
Described technical scheme is preferably, and in second step, adopts instrumental measurement to comprise the step that the gas that soil respiration is discharged is measured:
(1) gas and mensuration is got: wide-necked bottle takes out by every 24h from temperature control system, rocking wide-necked bottle makes the gas in it mix, and prevent the drying agent bag be arranged in wide-necked bottle from contacting with wind desiceted soil and drying agent in drying agent bag is trickled down, by the air intake of glass tube top emulsion tube and Portable exhaust gas analyzer, another emulsion tube is communicated with the gas outlet of Portable exhaust gas analyzer, tongs on emulsion tube is moved to glass tube place, carbon dioxide in wide-necked bottle is successively through the air intake of Portable exhaust gas analyzer, gas outlet, the concentration of described Portable exhaust gas analyzer record carbon dioxide,
(2) ventilative: to open perforated rubber stopper, first take out drying agent bag, with the bottleneck ventilation 2-10min of fan facing to wide-necked bottle;
(3) moisture weight controls: be positioned over by wide-necked bottle on balance, record its weight, in wide-necked bottle, the moistening degree that distilled water controls wind desiceted soil in wide-necked bottle is instilled by glue head dropper, or control the degree of drying of soil in wide-necked bottle by changing drying agent bag, thus control the dry and wet state of soil in wide-necked bottle;
(4) seal: bottleneck rubber plug being covered tightly wide-necked bottle, finally wide-necked bottle is positioned in temperature control system and continues to cultivate, and the time of temperature control system put in record; Until the gas extracted again in wide-necked bottle is tested after 24h;
(5) data processing: measured by Portable exhaust gas analyzer and draw the concentration of carbon dioxide.
In above-mentioned steps, step (1)-(5) cycling realizes the checker of the dry and wet state of soil in wide-necked bottle and the mensuration of carbon dioxide gas content.
Further, multiple concentration information data of described Portable exhaust gas analyzer carbon dioxide gas collection.
Further, described Portable exhaust gas analyzer is the portable instrument for determining photosynthesis of LI6400 or GEM5000 Portable methane analyser.
Compared with prior art, the superior effect of experimental technique of the present invention is:
(1) can be realized by described method that different experiments design is medium-term and long-term, continuous, the breathing value of soil in the mensuration fixed time of timing;
(2) the larger sample of quantity can be met by described method to measure.Simulating lab test often experimentally object, designs different experimental group, in order to ensure the science of testing, needs design blank group and multiple repetition sample; Need the quantity just corresponding increase measuring soil respiration value.When described soil respiration measures, the method for the invention can meet that sample size is many and minute is short, requirement accurately.
(3) soil incubation device impermeability can be met by described method and require and can realize ventilation, the fast bubble-tight requirement of quick-recovery, and the carbon dioxide gas scale of construction that in Accurate Determining set period, soil respiration produces.
(4) by described method decrease from measure the intermediate steps next time sealing complete and soil incubation, further increase the accuracy of detection.
(5) method described in is simple to operate, convenient and swift, low cost of manufacture, can operate in common lab.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that wide-necked bottle of the present invention is positioned in temperature control system;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of extracting gases from wide-necked bottle;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram to injecting gas in testing liquid;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram transferred to by testing liquid in beaker in triangular flask;
Fig. 5 is acid base titration schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of described wide-necked bottle when breathing freely;
Fig. 7 is moisture weight observation and adopts glue head dropper in described wide-necked bottle, instill the schematic diagram of distilled water;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram that Portable exhaust gas analyzer that the present invention adopts carries out gasmetry.
Description of reference numerals is as follows:
11-wide-necked bottle, 12-perforated rubber stopper, 13-glass tube, 14-emulsion tube, 15-tongs, 16-drying agent bag, 17-temperature control system, 18-needle tubing, 19-beaker, 20-triangular flask, 21-titration platform, 22-buret, 23-fan, 24-balance, 25-glue head dropper, 26-Portable exhaust gas analyzer, 27-air intake, 28-gas outlet.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, experimental technique of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
The first step: select wide-necked bottle 11 and record its weight, numbering one by one, load quantitative wind desiceted soil in described wide-necked bottle 11, and record the general assembly (TW) of wide-necked bottle 11 and wind desiceted soil; Be arranged in wide-necked bottle 11 by connection cord by unsettled for drying agent bag 16, the bottleneck of wide-necked bottle 11 is provided with the perforated rubber stopper 12 mated with it, and the glass tube 13 be arranged in the hole of perforated rubber stopper 12, and make the top of glass tube 13 and bottom be arranged at the both sides of perforated rubber stopper 12 respectively, the top of described glass tube 13 is arranged with emulsion tube 14, the top of emulsion tube 14 adopts tongs 15 shutoff, wide-necked bottle 11 is made to form the space of a sealing, and described wide-necked bottle 11 is positioned in temperature control system 17, as shown in Figure 1.
Further, select the wide-necked bottle 11 of 250ml as soil container and record weight, numbering one by one, 50g wind desiceted soil being proceeded in wide-necked bottle 11, and records general assembly (TW), the base weight value that described wide-necked bottle 11 is measured as alternation of wetting and drying with the general assembly (TW) of wind desiceted soil; The described instrument taking weight is balance 24.
In the present embodiment, get Xishan Mountain Beijing area forest farm cork oak-oriental white oak stand table soil 0-10cm, and collect earth's surface obviously visible litter.By weighing at once after cutting ring sample and recording weight.To the impurity in wind desiceted soil before loading wide-necked bottle 11, as rejected the plant in wind desiceted soil, small stone, and to wind desiceted soil grinding, screening; When screening, the internal diameter of sieve mesh is 0.2mm.Described temperature control system 17 is constant temperature illumination box.The internal diameter of described emulsion tube 14 is less than the external diameter of glass tube 13, and emulsion tube 14 is sealed completely after being sheathed on glass tube 13, and the length of described glass tube 13 is 5-7cm.In addition, natural moisture content, saturation moisture content, capillary porosity, total porosity is measured.Adopt core cutter method and weight method, weigh wind desiceted soil 105 DEG C time, dries 8h after, flood cutting ring lower cover height 2h after, flood immersion 8h after, the general assembly (TW) of cutting ring after draining 12h.
Second step: adopt alkali liquor absorption and acid base titration to measure the gas that soil respiration is discharged, its concrete steps comprise:
(1) gas is got: every 24h extracts quantitative gas from the wide-necked bottle 11 of temperature control system 17; During mensuration, rocking wide-necked bottle 11 makes the gas in it mix, and prevent the drying agent bag 16 be arranged in wide-necked bottle 11 from contacting with wind desiceted soil and drying agent in drying agent bag 16 is trickled down, by the sidewall of the syringe needle of 50ml needle tubing 18 through emulsion tube 14, extracting gases from wide-necked bottle 11, as shown in Figure 2.
(2) alkali liquor absorption and titration: described testing liquid is excessive NaOH solution; Syringe needle is inserted in excessive NaOH solution, by the gas inject NaOH solution in needle tubing 18, and with NaOH easily fully absorb gas be advisable, now the container of splendid attire NaOH solution is beaker 19, as shown in Figure 3; And after adding distilled water adjustment NaOH solution to 50ml to NaOH solution, the liquid rotating in beaker 19 is moved on in triangular flask 20, with distilled water three rinse beakers 19, and the distilled water of rinse beaker 19 is added in triangular flask 20, as shown in Figure 4; Be positioned over by triangular flask 20 on titration platform 21, as shown in Figure 5, instill 3 phenolphthalein indicators to NaOH solution, described buret 22 splendid attire concentration is the standard salt acid solution of 0.01mol/L, and described buret 22 is acid buret.The volumetric quantities of record acid buret 22 Plays hydrochloric acid solution is titration initial point, carries out titration to the testing liquid in triangular flask 20, when the color of solution to be measured is become colorless by pink colour, and the volumetric quantities of record standard salt acid solution now; 4 methyl orange indicators are instilled again in testing liquid, continue to instill standard salt acid solution in testing liquid, when the color of testing liquid becomes orange from crocus, the volumetric quantities of record acid buret Plays hydrochloric acid solution now, and as titration end-point.In the process of above-mentioned titration variable color, the orange color of titration end-point is not easy to identify, a color in setting colourshifting process is standard colors, measure different experimental group all with this standard colors for titration end-point.
The preparation of the above-mentioned phenolphthalein indicator of the present invention, methyl orange indicator, the preparation of standard salt acid solution, NaOH solution preparation are with reference to GB/T601-2002 and GB/T603-2002.The concentration of the standard salt acid solution of titration, with reference to after GB/T601-2002 preparation 0.1mol/L concentration, is diluted to 0.01mol/L.Excessive NaOH solution for absorbing carbon dioxide gas is 0.02mol/L.
(3) ventilative: after above-mentioned titration, to open perforated rubber stopper 12, first take out drying agent bag 16, with the bottleneck ventilation 2-10min of fan 23 facing to wide-necked bottle 11, as shown in Figure 6.
(4) moisture weight controls: be positioned over by wide-necked bottle 11 on balance 24, record weight one by one, in wide-necked bottle 11, the moistening degree that the distilled water setting quality controls soil in wide-necked bottle 11 is instilled by glue head dropper 25, and all select the balance 24 in the above-mentioned first step to measure when measuring the weight of wide-necked bottle 11 and adding the distilled water setting quality, avoid error accumulation, improve measuring accuracy, as shown in Figure 7.
In addition, the degree of drying of soil in wide-necked bottle 11 is controlled by changing drying agent bag 16.When concrete operations, such as, need the degree of drying controlling the soil in wide-necked bottle 11 for continuous 5 days, change primary drying agent bag 16 every 24h.Drying agent bag 16 of the present invention adopts discolour silica gel to make.The drying agent bag 16 taken out from wide-necked bottle 11 can again recycle after 110 DEG C of oven dry 2h.
(5) seal: pull up emulsion tube 14, cut off one section of emulsion tube 14 with pin hole, remaining for emulsion tube 14 part is sheathed on glass tube 13 again, adopt tongs 15 to close the top of emulsion tube 14; Then perforated rubber stopper 12 is covered tightly the bottleneck of wide-necked bottle 11, finally wide-necked bottle 11 is positioned in temperature control system 17 and continues to cultivate, and the time of temperature control system 17 put in record; Until the gas extracted again after 24h in wide-necked bottle 11 carries out titration test.
(6) data processing: according to the concentration of standard salt acid solution and the volume of standard salt acid solution that consumes, by calculating the content of the carbon dioxide in the needle tubing 18 of 50ml, and the content of the carbon dioxide that soil produces in the wide-necked bottle 11 drawing 250ml.
In above-mentioned steps, step (1)-(6) cycling realizes the checker of the dry and wet state of soil in wide-necked bottle 11, and fixed to carrying out carbon dioxide gas measuring under the drying regime of soil in wide-necked bottle 11, moisture state.It should be noted that, the dry and wet state control case of described wide-necked bottle 11 internal environment, carrying out record by making checklist, and the time of the carbon dioxide of record mensuration.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 8, the invention provides embodiment 2, the lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of described a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response, with the distinguishing characteristics of embodiment 1 is: the present embodiment 2 adopts instrumental measurement to measure the gas that soil respiration is discharged; Further, measured by Portable exhaust gas analyzer 26; Specifically comprise:
The first step: select wide-necked bottle 11 and record its weight, loads quantitative wind desiceted soil in described wide-necked bottle 11, and records the general assembly (TW) of wide-necked bottle 11 and wind desiceted soil; Be arranged in wide-necked bottle 11 by connection cord by unsettled for drying agent bag 16, the bottleneck of wide-necked bottle 11 is provided with the perforated rubber stopper 12 mated with it, perforated rubber stopper 12 is provided with two holes, and each hole is provided with the glass tube 13 mated with it, and make the top of glass tube 13 and bottom be arranged at the both sides of perforated rubber stopper 12 respectively, and the top of two glass tubes 13 is equipped with emulsion tube 14, and emulsion tube 14 adopts tongs 15 shutoff, make wide-necked bottle 11 form an airtight space, and described wide-necked bottle 11 is positioned in temperature control system 17.
Second step: adopt instrumental measurement to measure the gas that soil respiration is discharged, its concrete steps comprise:
(1) gas and mensuration is got: wide-necked bottle 11 takes out by every 24h from temperature control system 17, rocking wide-necked bottle 11 makes the gas in it mix, and prevent the drying agent bag 16 be arranged in wide-necked bottle 11 from contacting with wind desiceted soil and drying agent in drying agent bag 16 is trickled down, by an emulsion tube 14 on glass tube 13 top and the air intake 27 of Portable exhaust gas analyzer 26, another emulsion tube 14 is communicated with the gas outlet 28 of Portable exhaust gas analyzer 26, tongs 15 on emulsion tube 14 is moved to glass tube 13 place, carbon dioxide in wide-necked bottle 11 is successively through the air intake 27 of Portable exhaust gas analyzer 26, gas outlet 28, described Portable exhaust gas analyzer 26 records the concentration of carbon dioxide, multiple concentration information data of described Portable exhaust gas analyzer 26 carbon dioxide gas collection, are conducive to obtaining stable concentration information.
(2) ventilative: to open perforated rubber stopper 12, first take out drying agent bag 16, with the bottleneck ventilation 2-10min of fan 23 facing to wide-necked bottle 11;
(3) moisture weight controls: be positioned over by wide-necked bottle 11 on balance 24, record its weight one by one, in wide-necked bottle 11, the moistening degree that distilled water controls wind desiceted soil in wide-necked bottle 11 is instilled by glue head dropper 25, the balance 24 in the above-mentioned first step is all selected to measure when measuring the weight of wide-necked bottle 11 and adding the distilled water setting quality equally, avoid error accumulation, improve measuring accuracy.
In addition, controlling the degree of drying of soil in wide-necked bottle 11 by changing drying agent bag 16, realizing the drying to soil in wide-necked bottle 11.
(4) seal: bottleneck perforated rubber stopper 12 being covered tightly wide-necked bottle 11, finally wide-necked bottle 11 is positioned in temperature control system 17 and continues to cultivate, and the time of temperature control system 17 put in record; Until the gas extracted again in wide-necked bottle 11 is tested after 24h;
(5) data processing: measured by Portable exhaust gas analyzer 26 and draw the concentration of carbon dioxide.
In above-mentioned steps, step (1)-(5) operation realizes the checker of the dry and wet state of soil in wide-necked bottle 11 and the mensuration of density of carbon dioxide gas.
Further, multiple concentration information data of described Portable exhaust gas analyzer 26 carbon dioxide gas collection.Described Portable exhaust gas analyzer 26 is the portable instrument for determining photosynthesis of LI6400 or GEM5000 Portable methane analyser.The portable instrument for determining photosynthesis of described LI6400 measures and records in the concentration data importing computer of carbon dioxide; And described GEM5000 Portable methane analyser can show the numerical value of carbon dioxide gas content in mensuration process.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and when not deviating from flesh and blood of the present invention, any distortion that it may occur to persons skilled in the art that, improvement, replacement all fall into scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response, is characterized in that, at least comprise the following steps:
The first step: select wide-necked bottle and record its weight, load quantitative wind desiceted soil in described wide-necked bottle, and recording the general assembly (TW) of wide-necked bottle and wind desiceted soil; Be arranged in wide-necked bottle by connection cord by unsettled for drying agent bag, the bottleneck of wide-necked bottle is provided with the perforated rubber stopper mated with it, and the glass tube be arranged in the hole of perforated rubber stopper, and make the top of glass tube and bottom be arranged at the both sides of perforated rubber stopper respectively, the top of described glass tube is arranged with emulsion tube, the top of emulsion tube adopts tongs shutoff, makes wide-necked bottle form the space of a sealing, and is positioned in temperature control system by described wide-necked bottle;
Second step: adopt alkali liquor absorption and acid base titration to measure the gas that soil respiration is discharged.
2. the lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in a first step, reject before loading wide-necked bottle to the impurity in wind desiceted soil, and to wind desiceted soil grinding, screening.
3. the lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in a first step, described temperature control system is constant temperature illumination box.
4. the lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in a first step, the internal diameter of described emulsion tube is less than the external diameter of glass tube.
5. the lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in second step, adopt alkali liquor absorption and acid base titration to comprise the step that the gas that soil respiration is discharged is measured:
(1) gas is got: every 24h extracts quantitative gas from the wide-necked bottle of temperature control system; During mensuration, rock wide-necked bottle and the gas in it is mixed, and prevent the drying agent bag be arranged in wide-necked bottle from contacting with wind desiceted soil and drying agent in drying agent bag is trickled down, by the sidewall of the syringe needle of needle tubing through emulsion tube, extracting gases from wide-necked bottle;
(2) alkali liquor absorption and titration: inserted by syringe needle in testing liquid, by the gas inject testing liquid in needle tubing, and fully absorbs gas with testing liquid and is advisable, and add the volume of distilled water adjustment testing liquid to testing liquid after; 3 phenolphthalein indicators are instilled to testing liquid, standard salt acid solution is adopted to carry out titration afterwards, instilling the numerical value of buret internal standard hydrochloric acid solution volume before first standard salt acid solution is titration initial point, when the color of solution is become colorless by pink colour, the volumetric quantities of record standard salt acid solution now; In testing liquid, instill 4 methyl orange indicators again, continue in testing liquid, instill standard salt acid solution, when the color of testing liquid becomes orange from crocus, the volumetric quantities of record standard salt acid solution now, and as titration end-point;
(3) ventilative: after above-mentioned titration, to open perforated rubber stopper, first take out drying agent bag, with the bottleneck ventilation 2-10min of fan facing to wide-necked bottle;
(4) moisture weight controls: be positioned over by wide-necked bottle on balance, record its weight, in wide-necked bottle, the moistening degree that distilled water controls soil in wide-necked bottle is instilled by glue head dropper, or control the degree of drying of soil in wide-necked bottle by changing drying agent bag, thus control the dry and wet state of soil in wide-necked bottle;
(5) seal: pull up emulsion tube, cut off one section of emulsion tube with pin hole, remaining for emulsion tube part is sheathed on glass tube again, tongs is adopted to close the top of emulsion tube, rubber plug is covered tightly the bottleneck of wide-necked bottle, finally wide-necked bottle is positioned in temperature control system and continues to cultivate, and the time of temperature control system put in record; Until the gas extracted again after 24h in wide-necked bottle carries out titration test;
(6) data processing: according to the concentration of standard salt acid solution and the volume of standard salt acid solution that consumes, by calculating the content of the carbon dioxide in needle tubing, and draw the content of the carbon dioxide that soil produces in wide-necked bottle.
6. the experimental technique of a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response lower mensuration soil respiration according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that, described drying agent bag adopts discolour silica gel to make.
7. the lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response, is characterized in that, at least comprise the following steps:
The first step: select wide-necked bottle and record its weight, load quantitative wind desiceted soil in described wide-necked bottle, and recording the general assembly (TW) of wide-necked bottle and wind desiceted soil; Be arranged in wide-necked bottle by connection cord by unsettled for drying agent bag, the bottleneck of wide-necked bottle is provided with the perforated rubber stopper mated with it, perforated rubber stopper is provided with two holes, and each hole is provided with the glass tube mated with it, and make the top of glass tube and bottom be arranged at the both sides of perforated rubber stopper respectively, and the top of two glass tubes is equipped with emulsion tube, and emulsion tube adopts tongs shutoff, make wide-necked bottle form an airtight space, and described wide-necked bottle is positioned in temperature control system;
Second step: adopt instrumental measurement to measure the gas that soil respiration is discharged.
8. the lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
In second step, instrumental measurement is adopted to comprise the step that the gas that soil respiration is discharged is measured:
(1) gas and mensuration is got: wide-necked bottle takes out by every 24h from temperature control system, rocking wide-necked bottle makes the gas in it mix, and prevent the drying agent bag be arranged in wide-necked bottle from contacting with wind desiceted soil and drying agent in drying agent bag is trickled down, by the air intake of glass tube top emulsion tube and Portable exhaust gas analyzer, another emulsion tube is communicated with the gas outlet of Portable exhaust gas analyzer, tongs on emulsion tube is moved to glass tube place, carbon dioxide in wide-necked bottle is successively through the air intake of Portable exhaust gas analyzer, gas outlet, the concentration of described Portable exhaust gas analyzer record carbon dioxide,
(2) ventilative: to open perforated rubber stopper, first take out drying agent bag, with the bottleneck ventilation 2-10min of fan facing to wide-necked bottle;
(3) moisture weight controls: be positioned over by wide-necked bottle on balance, record its weight, in wide-necked bottle, the moistening degree that distilled water controls wind desiceted soil in wide-necked bottle is instilled by glue head dropper, or control the degree of drying of soil in wide-necked bottle by changing drying agent bag, thus control the dry and wet state of soil in wide-necked bottle;
(4) seal: bottleneck rubber plug being covered tightly wide-necked bottle, finally wide-necked bottle is positioned in temperature control system and continues to cultivate, and the time of temperature control system put in record; Until the gas extracted again in wide-necked bottle is tested after 24h;
(5) data processing: measured by Portable exhaust gas analyzer and draw the concentration of carbon dioxide.
9. the lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response according to claim 8, is characterized in that, multiple concentration information data of described Portable exhaust gas analyzer carbon dioxide gas collection.
10. the lower experimental technique measuring soil respiration of a kind of lab simulation alternation of wetting and drying response according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described Portable exhaust gas analyzer is the portable instrument for determining photosynthesis of LI6400 or GEM5000 Portable methane analyser.
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| CN106442066A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-02-22 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Soil culture device with small air collector |
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| CN109870384A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-06-11 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | A kind of easy device and its measuring method measuring soil respiration |
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