CN113585507A - 一种新型结构用复合材料防火一体板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,包括格栅板、网格板或网笼形成的骨架结构,骨架结构形成空间网格结构或空腔结构,至少一个的空间网格结构或空腔结构内设有阻火隔热的填充材料。骨架结构的至少一侧与纤维增强复合材料面板连接,填充材料高于、低于或平齐于骨架结构的侧面。本发明的有益效果:该板材有基于玄武岩纤维的纤维增强复合材料面板为提供板材力学性能的结构骨架,有复合在其上或填充在其中的轻质耐火隔热材料实现板材优良的防火隔热性能,以实现轻质、高强、耐火和隔热性能的一体化,并具备良好的保温和隔声性能,成为高度集成的装配式部件,特别适用于装配式钢结构或冷弯薄壁型钢结构用覆面板材,可应用于结构或非结构墙体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及土木工程中的建筑结构技术领域,具体为一种新型结构用复合材料防火一体板。
背景技术
冷弯薄壁型钢结构具有重量轻、施工装配方便等优点,其力学性能较好,可用于低多层民用或公共建筑的承重结构骨架。建筑结构中现有的冷弯薄壁型钢龙骨,其开口截面的冷弯薄壁型钢局部稳定性较差,特别在火灾引起的高温环境下,钢材的软化会导致冷弯薄壁型钢龙骨快速丧失承载力,继而引起建筑结构因竖向承重构件失效而导致的局部或整体的垮塌。
冷弯薄壁型钢结构中承重结构主要包括冷弯薄壁型钢承重龙骨墙、密肋梁楼板体系和屋桁架,其中为增强承重墙的抗震性能和楼板体系的刚度,冷弯薄壁龙骨或肋梁往往与结构用覆面板材组合使用。我国地震多发,建筑结构需要具备一定的抗震性能,特别对冷弯薄壁型钢龙骨墙体,为抵抗地震作用引起的水平力,除采用斜撑等构造外,具备较好力学性能和受拉强度的覆面结构板材是一种构造简单且高效的抗震结构部件,同时结构板还可以为冷弯薄壁型钢结构龙骨提供面外支撑,间接提高龙骨的极限承载力。工程中常用的覆面板材有纤维水泥板、定向结构刨花板(OSB)、ALC板、石膏板、镁质板材、硅钙板等,其中纤维水泥板和OSB常作为结构板材使用。
上述板材中,OSB板抗拉性能较好,作为木质薄板材料,其隔热性能有限,且未经阻燃处理的OSB板为可燃材料;传统的纤维水泥板由于纤维增强具有一定的抗拉性能,耐热和阻隔热性能也相对较好,板厚通常较大质量偏重;ALC板密度低防火性能较好,但板厚大、抗拉强度低,特别在高地震烈度地区,无法作为抗震用结构覆面板材使用;石膏板、镁质板材、硅钙板等均为性能较优越的防火板材,其力学性能较差,不能作为结构覆面板使用;另外还有岩棉板等软质防火材料仅能作为防火、隔热或隔声等功能性填充或夹层材料使用。
因此,当利用覆面板抗震时,当前冷弯薄壁型钢结构的覆面板材构造较为复杂,通常有结构板、防火棉、防火板和外装饰板材等多层材料组成,多层板材不仅总厚度过厚、重量过大、而且与冷弯薄壁型钢墙体龙骨之间的连接构造过于复杂、自攻螺钉杂乱、实际施工和连接可靠性得不到保障。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:提供了一种新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,解决了现有的冷弯薄壁型钢结构的覆面板材构造较为复杂的问题。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案来实现:
一种新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,包括格栅板、网格板或网笼形成的骨架结构,骨架结构形成空间网格结构或空腔结构,至少一个的空间网格结构或空腔结构内设有阻火隔热的填充材料。骨架结构的至少一侧与纤维增强复合材料面板连接,填充材料高于、低于或平齐于骨架结构的侧面。
纤维增强复合材料(FRP)具有轻质高强的性能,以纤维增强复合材料为面板可以保证板材的整体受拉和受压力学性能。由于纤维增强复合材料的弹性模量偏低,与纤维增强复合材料面板相连的格栅板肋板可以增强面板的结构刚度,进一步保证或提升纤维增强复合材料面板的力学性能。将有机或无机材料且耐火隔热的填充材料填充在空腔中,可以进一步提升板材的结构刚度,并使板材具有优越的防火隔热性能。
在骨架结构与两侧面板所形成的围合的空腔中全部或局部灌注了填充材料,或在骨架结构与单侧面板形成的半围合的空腔中全部灌注填充材料,或在骨架结构两侧不围合的空腔中全部灌注填充材料。
进一步的,所述的纤维增强复合材料面板与骨架结构一体成型或通过粘结剂连接。提供板材力学性能的结构骨架由纤维增强复合材料或多种材料类型的格栅板、网格板或网笼组成。提供板材强度的纤维增强复合材料面板以可以仅布置在单侧,也可以布设在两侧,围合或半围合的空腔可以全部填充也可以局部填充。纤维增强复合材料面板可以是无开洞的整板,也可以是均匀或非均匀开设孔洞的板材。
进一步的,所述的纤维增强复合材料面板包括玄武岩纤维,也可以是具备可耐受不低于500℃高温的其它类型FRP材料。
进一步的,所述的纤维增强复合材料面板可以不添加改性剂,也可以包括纳米蒙脱石或其它成分,用于改善材质性能。
进一步的,所述的填充材料为膨胀砾石、膨胀珍珠岩颗粒、水泥砂浆、镁质胶凝材料、硅钙材料、岩棉或硅酸铝棉中的至少一种,也可以是其它隔热性能好的填充材料。
进一步的,所述的填充材料包括增强或改性纤维,用于改善材质性能,也可以不添加纤维。填充材料可以添加各种类型的改性剂、发泡剂或膨胀剂。
进一步的,所述的骨架结构为金属材质或与纤维增强复合材料面板为同一材质,金属材质具体为钢材、不锈钢材、铝合金,也可以是其它金属材质;还可以是能够为面板提供支撑刚度的任何其它材质。
进一步的,所述的骨架结构为单向平行的肋板条、双向交错的网格或其它几何形态的空间网格,整体呈网格状或网笼状。其中单条隔板件的平面投影线条可以是平直状态也可以是弯曲或扭曲的状态,或其他几何形态的空间网笼。
进一步的,所述的填充材料高于骨架结构的部分可布设耐火增强层,也可以不布设。
进一步的,所述的耐火增强层为耐火纤维网格布或耐火金属网,也可以是其它材质的耐火网格材料。
进一步的,所述的空腔结构为圆形、椭圆形、三角形、方形、矩形、平行四边形、带圆角的多边形,也可以是其它形状。
进一步的,空间网格结构或空腔结构之间通过孔洞连通,也可以不开孔,即空腔结构之间可以贯通也可以不贯通。
本发明的有益效果:将力学性能好特别是抗拉强度高并且耐火的纤维增强复合材料,与耐火和隔热性能好的有机或无机填充材料组合在一起,形成结构用防火一体板。该板材有纤维增强复合材料面板或与骨架结构一道为板材提供所需的力学性能,有复合在其上或填充在其中的轻质耐火隔热材料实现板材优良的防火隔热性能,以实现轻质、高强、耐火和隔热性能的一体化,并具备良好的保温和隔声性能,成为高度集成的装配式部件,特别适用于装配式钢结构或冷弯薄壁型钢结构用覆面板材,可应用于结构或非结构墙体。
前述本发明主方案及其各进一步选择方案可以自由组合以形成多个方案,均为本发明可采用并要求保护的方案;并且本发明,(各非冲突选择)选择之间以及和其他选择之间也可以自由组合。本领域技术人员在了解本发明方案后根据现有技术和公知常识可明了有多种组合,均为本发明所要保护的技术方案,在此不做穷举。
附图说明
图1是本发明结构示意图(一)。
图2是本发明结构示意图(二)。
图3是本发明结构示意图(三)。
图4是本发明结构示意图(四)。
图5是本发明结构示意图(五)。
图6是本发明结构示意图(六)。
图中:1-纤维增强复合材料面板,2-填充材料,3-骨架结构,4-耐火增强层,5-空腔结构。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
参考图1所示,一种新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,包括纤维增强复合材料面板1、填充材料2和骨架结构3,在两面纤维增强复合材料面板1之间有骨架结构3,在骨架结构3之间的空间网格结构或空腔结构5内填充有填充材料2(有机或无机耐火隔热材料)。
纤维增强复合材料面板1和骨架结构3可以为一体成型的中空板材,通过在骨架结构3空腔内填充填充材料2。骨架结构也可以为独立的板材,通过粘接剂与纤维增强复合材料面板连接在一起。骨架结构3可以是纤维增强复合材料,也可以是冷弯薄壁型钢、结构钢、不锈钢、铝合金等金属材料或其它类型的具有一定强度的材料。
实施例2
参考图2所示,一种新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,包括纤维增强复合材料面板1、填充材料2、骨架结构3和耐火增强层4,填充材料2与骨架结构3复合在一起,同时与纤维增强复合材料面板1相贴合,填充材料填充在骨架结构的空腔结构5之间,骨架结构复合在纤维增强复合材料面板1与填充材料2一侧,并在填充材料2高于骨架结构的部分增设耐火增强层4。
纤维增强复合材料面板1与骨架结构3可以一体成型,也可以采用粘接材料连接在一起。骨架结构3可以是多种材质的板材(同实例1)。骨架结构3可以选择开孔也可以选择不开孔。填充材料2的厚度大于骨架结构3。耐火增强层4可以与骨架结构3相连也可以不相连。
实施例3
参考图3所示,一种新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,包括纤维增强复合材料面板1、填充材料2和骨架结构3,填充材料2与骨架结构3复合在一起,同时与纤维增强复合材料面板1相贴合,填充材料填充在骨架结构的空腔结构5之间。
纤维增强复合材料面板1与骨架结构3可以一体成型,也可以采用粘接材料连接在一起。骨架结构3可以是多种材质的板材(同实例1)。骨架结构3可以选择开孔也可以选择不开孔。填充材料2的厚度与骨架结构3一致。
实施例4
参考图4~6所示,一种新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,包括填充材料2和骨架结构3,填充材料2与骨架结构3复合在一起,填充材料填充在骨架结构形成的空腔结构5之间。
填充材料2的厚度与骨架结构3一致。空腔结构为圆形、椭圆形、三角形、方形、矩形、平行四边形、带圆角的多边形,也可以是其它几何形状。
骨架结构3的肋板为单向平行的肋板条、双向交错的网格或空间网格,整体呈网格状或网笼状。其中单条隔板件的平面投影线条可以是平直状态也可以是弯曲或扭曲的状态。
前述本发明基本例及其各进一步选择例可以自由组合以形成多个实施例,均为本发明可采用并要求保护的实施例。比如,如图1还可视为基本例和选择例4的组合,图2也还可视为基本例和选择例6的组合,等等,在此不做穷举,本领域技术人员可知有众多组合。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,包括格栅板、网格板或网笼形成的骨架结构(3),其特征在于:所述的骨架结构(3)形成空间网格结构或空腔结构(5),至少一个的空间网格结构或空腔结构(5)内设有阻火隔热的填充材料(2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,其特征在于:所述的骨架结构(3)至少一侧与纤维增强复合材料面板(1)相连,填充材料(2)高于、低于或平齐于骨架结构(3)的侧面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,其特征在于:所述的纤维增强复合材料面板(1)与骨架结构(3)一体成型或通过粘结剂连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,其特征在于:所述的纤维增强复合材料面板(1)包括玄武岩纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,其特征在于:所述的填充材料(2)为膨胀砾石、膨胀珍珠岩颗粒、水泥砂浆、镁质胶凝材料、硅钙材料、岩棉或硅酸铝棉中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,其特征在于:所述的骨架结构(3)为金属材质或与纤维增强复合材料面板(1)为同一材质。
7.根据权利要求1所述的新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,其特征在于:所述的骨架结构(3)为单向平行的肋板条或双向交错的网格。
8.根据权利要求1所述的新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,其特征在于:所述的填充材料(2)高于骨架结构(3)的部分布设耐火增强层(4)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,其特征在于:所述的耐火增强层(4)为耐火纤维网格布或金属网。
10.根据权利要求1所述的新型结构用复合材料防火一体板,其特征在于:空间网格结构或空腔结构(5)连通。
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