CN113582670A - 一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的配方 - Google Patents
一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的配方 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的配方，按重量份数包括：氧化铝100份，烧结助剂12‑15份，纳米二氧化钛7‑9份，氧化锂1‑1.4份；其中，烧结助剂按质量百分数包括：氧化镁11.5％‑11.8％、氧化钙8.2％‑9.3％、氧化镍0.1％‑0.2％、氧化钇12.5％‑23.2％、碳酸钡0.4％‑0.7％、氧化钡0.3％‑0.5％、氧化铜0.3％‑0.5％、余量为煅烧高岭土。本发明选择的烧结助剂可以在烧结过程中形成多元低温共熔氧化物，配合纳米二氧化钛，不仅有效降低了陶瓷的烧结温度，减少了能耗，还保证了陶瓷的机械性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于特种陶瓷制造技术领域，具体涉及一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的配方。
背景技术
氧化铝陶瓷是目前世界上生产量最大、应用面最广的陶瓷材料之一，具有机械强度高、电阻率高、电绝缘性好、硬度和熔点高、抗腐蚀性好、化学稳定性优良等性能，基于氧化铝陶瓷一系列的优良性能，其广泛应用于机械、电子电力、化工、医学、建筑以及其他高科技领域。目前，氧化铝陶瓷的制备主要采用烧结工艺。
然而氧化铝的熔点超过2000摄氏度，因此现有的陶瓷烧结工艺烧结温度普遍在非常高，高温不仅能量消耗巨大，且会显著降低窑炉与窑具的使用寿命。烧结温度越高，烧结时间越长，能耗就越高，根据热平衡计算，烧结温度每降低100℃，则单位产品热消耗可降低10％以上；烧结时间每缩短10％，则产量增加10％，热消耗降低4％；因此，研究如何降低陶瓷的烧结温度是十分有意义的。
发明内容
为了有效降低陶瓷的烧结温度，本发明提供了一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的配方及方法，具体是通过如下技术方案实现的：
本发明一个方面在于提供了一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的配方，按重量份数包括：氧化铝100份，烧结助剂12-15份，纳米二氧化钛7-9份，氧化锂1-1.4份；
进一步地，所述氧化铝粒径不大于4μm；其中，粒径范围在0.5-2.5μm的氧化铝粉含量大于75％。
粉状物在制备过程中会产生各种晶格缺陷，使晶格活化，因此具有较高的表面自由能，表面自由能是烧结的内在动力，而过细的氧化铝粉制备工艺难度大，成本增加，综上，本发明选择了粒径较细的氧化铝粉作为反应原料，一定程度上可以降低氧化铝的烧结温度。
进一步地，烧结助剂包括：氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化镍、氧化钇、碳酸钡、氧化钡、氧化铜、煅烧高岭土。
氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化钡等成分作为烧结助剂可以在烧结过程中形成多元低温共熔氧化物，由于液相的生成温度低，从而降低了氧化铝陶瓷的烧结温度；氧化铜、氧化镍还可抑制晶粒的过分生长，保证的最终制得的陶瓷的机械性能。
纳米二氧化钛与刚玉(α-A2O3)有相近的晶格常数，同时是变价氧化物，在还原气氛中，四价钛被还原为三价钛，从而固溶与刚玉中，在部分还原气氛中，A2O3与TiO2可形成A2O3-TiO2固溶体，在烧结过程中，通过变价作用，使刚玉晶体内部产生晶格缺陷，活化晶格，促进烧结。
进一步地，所述烧结助剂按质量百分数包括：氧化镁11.5％-11.8％、氧化钙8.2％-9.3％、氧化镍0.1％-0.2％、氧化钇12.5％-23.2％、碳酸钡0.4％-0.7％、氧化钡0.3％-0.5％、氧化铜0.3％-0.5％、余量为煅烧高岭土。
进一步地，所述煅烧高岭土是将高岭土置于煅烧炉中675℃煅烧4.5h所得。
本发明另一个方面在于提供了一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的方法，包括以下步骤：
1)按配方称取各原料备用；
2)将烧结助剂和纳米二氧化钛混合均匀，混合粉末研磨至粒径为95-125目；
3)将氧化铝粉、氧化锂与步骤2)所得研磨后混合粉末加入球磨机，倒入固体质量6倍的无水乙醇，球磨10-14h，挥干乙醇；
4)将步骤3)所得混合物投入模具，升温至1125℃-1270℃，保温1.2-2.4h进行烧结，得到氧化铝陶瓷。
进一步地，步骤4)所述升温速度为2-4℃/min。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明优化调整配方选择了一种烧结助剂，按质量百分数包括：氧化镁11.5％-11.8％、氧化钙8.2％-9.3％、氧化镍0.1％-0.2％、氧化钇12.5％-23.2％、碳酸钡0.4％-0.7％、氧化钡0.3％-0.5％、氧化铜0.3％-0.5％、余量为煅烧高岭土。本发明选择的烧结助剂可以在烧结过程中形成多元低温共熔氧化物，配合纳米二氧化钛形成的固溶体，显著降低了其烧结温度，不仅保证了陶瓷质量，且有效降低原瓷料烧结温度200-300℃，大大降低了能耗，降低了生产成本。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的配方：
按重量份数称取：氧化铝100份，烧结助剂13份，纳米二氧化钛8份，氧化锂1.2份；
其中烧结助剂按质量百分数包括：氧化镁11.8％、氧化钙8.3％、氧化镍0.1％、氧化钇18.2％、碳酸钡0.6％、氧化钡0.5％、氧化铜0.3％、余量为煅烧高岭土。
实施例2
一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的配方：
按重量份数称取：氧化铝100份，烧结助剂15份，纳米二氧化钛8份，氧化锂1.3份；
其中烧结助剂按质量百分数包括：氧化镁11.5％、氧化钙8.2％、氧化镍0.2％、氧化钇16.5％、碳酸钡0.4％、氧化钡0.5％、氧化铜0.5％、余量为煅烧高岭土。
实施例3
一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的方法：
1)按本发明实施例1配方称取各原料备用；
2)将烧结助剂和纳米二氧化钛混合均匀，混合粉末研磨至粒径为95-125目；
3)将氧化铝粉、氧化锂与步骤2)所得研磨后混合粉末加入球磨机，倒入固体质量6倍的无水乙醇，球磨12h，挥干乙醇；
4)将步骤3)所得混合物投入模具，升温至1230℃，保温1.6h进行烧结，得到氧化铝陶瓷。
本实施例制得的陶瓷样品抗弯强度1454MPa，断裂韧性20.83MPa/m2。
实施例4
一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的方法：
1)按本发明实施例2配方称取各原料备用；
2)将烧结助剂和纳米二氧化钛混合均匀，混合粉末研磨至粒径为95-125目；
3)将氧化铝粉、氧化锂与步骤2)所得研磨后混合粉末加入球磨机，倒入固体质量6倍的无水乙醇，球磨12h，挥干乙醇；
4)将步骤3)所得混合物投入模具，升温至1210℃，保温1.6h进行烧结，得到氧化铝陶瓷。
本实施例制得的陶瓷样品抗弯强度1412MPa，断裂韧性19.88MPa/m2。
实施例5
一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的方法：
1)按本发明实施例1配方称取各原料备用；
2)将烧结助剂和纳米二氧化钛混合均匀，混合粉末研磨至粒径为95-125目；
3)将氧化铝粉、氧化锂与步骤2)所得研磨后混合粉末加入球磨机，倒入固体质量6倍的无水乙醇，球磨12h，挥干乙醇；
4)将步骤3)所得混合物投入模具，升温至1140℃，保温2.2h进行烧结，得到氧化铝陶瓷。
本实施例制得的陶瓷样品抗弯强度1459MPa，断裂韧性20.55MPa/m2。
由实施例3-5可以看出，本发明配方及方法有效降低的氧化铝陶瓷的烧结温度，大大减小了能耗。
以上所描述的实施例仅为本发明优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明。对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种变化和更改，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的配方，其特征在于，按重量份数包括：
氧化铝100份，烧结助剂12-15份，纳米二氧化钛7-9份，氧化锂1-1.4份；
其中，烧结助剂包括：氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化镍、氧化钇、碳酸钡、氧化钡、氧化铜、煅烧高岭土。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的配方，其特征在于，所述氧化铝粒径不大于4μm；其中，粒径范围在0.5-2.5μm的氧化铝粉含量大于75％。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的配方，其特征在于，所述烧结助剂按质量百分数包括：氧化镁11.5％-11.8％、氧化钙8.2％-9.3％、氧化镍0.1％-0.2％、氧化钇12.5％-23.2％、碳酸钡0.4％-0.7％、氧化钡0.3％-0.5％、氧化铜0.3％-0.5％、余量为煅烧高岭土。
4.根据权利要求2所述一种降低陶瓷烧结温度的配方，其特征在于，所述煅烧高岭土是将高岭土置于煅烧炉中675℃煅烧4.5h所得。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的降低陶瓷烧结温度的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)按配方称取各原料备用；
2)将烧结助剂和纳米二氧化钛混合均匀，混合粉末研磨至粒径为95-125目；
3)将氧化铝粉、氧化锂与步骤2)所得研磨后混合粉末加入球磨机，倒入固体质量6倍的无水乙醇，球磨10-14h，挥干乙醇；
4)将步骤3)所得混合物投入模具，升温至1125℃-1270℃，保温1.2-2.4h进行烧结，得到氧化铝陶瓷。
6.根据权利要求5所述的降低陶瓷烧结温度的方法，其特征在于，步骤4)所述升温速度为2-4℃/min。
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