CN113582659A - 一种用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂以及陶瓷泥料 - Google Patents

一种用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂以及陶瓷泥料 Download PDF

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CN113582659A
CN113582659A CN202110916528.3A CN202110916528A CN113582659A CN 113582659 A CN113582659 A CN 113582659A CN 202110916528 A CN202110916528 A CN 202110916528A CN 113582659 A CN113582659 A CN 113582659A
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常启兵
杨柯
杨瑞强
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Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂，按照重量份数组成为：水100份、粘结剂2～10份、粘性调节剂3～8份；所述粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、羟丙基甲基纤维素中的一种或其组合；所述粘性调节剂为甘油、油酸、聚乙二醇中的一种或其组合。此外还公开了上述复合有机添加剂的制备方法以及可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料。本发明采用粘结剂与粘性调节剂复合形式的有机添加剂，有效提高了日用陶瓷泥料的粘性，从而在满足成型需要的前提下大幅减少了价格较高的优质粘土的使用，同时也避免了粘连滚头和石膏模具，有利于实现正常的滚压和脱模。

Description

一种用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂以及陶瓷 泥料
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于日用陶瓷泥料的有机添加剂以及陶瓷泥料。
背景技术
可塑成型和注浆成型是日用陶瓷生产常用的成型方法。注浆成型适用于复杂形状器皿的成型，但是生产效率较低。可塑成型是指用可塑泥料制成坯体的方法，适用于形状简单且具有对称性的器皿，通常包括旋压成型、滚压成型以及塑压成型。滚压成型是由旋压成型法演变过来的，滚压成型与旋压成型不同之处是把扁平的样板刀改为回转型的滚压头。成型时，盛放泥料的模型和滚头分别绕自己轴线以一定速度同方向旋转，滚头一面旋转一面逐渐靠近盛放泥料的模型，并对坯泥进行“滚”和“压”而成型。滚压时坯泥均匀展开，受力由小到大，比较缓和、均匀，破坏坯料颗粒原有排列而引起颗粒间应力的可能性较小，坯体的组织结构均匀；其次，滚头与坯泥的接触面积较大，压力也较大，受压时间较长，坯体致密度和强度比旋压成型有所提高。滚压成型是靠滚头与坯体相滚动而使坯体表面光滑，无需再加水。因此，滚压成型后的坯体强度大，不易变形，表面质量好，规整度一致，克服了旋压成型的基本弱点，提高了日用瓷坯的成型质量。再加上滚压成型的生产效率较高，且具有易与上下工序组成联动生产线、改善了劳动条件等优点，使滚压成型在日用陶瓷工业中得到广泛应用。
滚压成型要求泥料具有合适的可塑性。可塑性太低，则滚压时易开裂，生坯破损多；若可塑性过强，则滚压时易粘滚头，坯体易变形。当前，日用陶瓷泥料的塑性依赖于添加软质粘土如高岭土、广东黑泥的量。然而，随着这些优质粘土资源的减少，相应的价格也水涨船高，严重影响了日用陶瓷的成本。为此，迫切需要寻求优质粘土的替代品。目前，纤维素类的有机物是主要的替代品，如羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、木质素等。然而，这些有机物粘性大，会粘滚头和石膏模具；如通过减少用量来避免粘连，又会导致用量少不容易混合均匀。此外，为减少粘连，也有使用脱模剂。然而，由于石膏模具的多孔性，脱模剂会吸入到石膏模具中，导致脱模剂的作用不明显。同时，脱模剂也会影响石膏模具对泥料水分的吸收，泥料难以干燥收缩而脱模。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂，采用粘结剂与粘性调节剂复合的形式，以提高日用陶瓷泥料的粘性，从而在满足成型需要的前提下大幅减少价格较高的优质粘土的使用，同时避免粘连滚头和石膏模具，以利于实现正常的滚压和脱模。本发明的另一目的在于提供上述用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂的制备方法以及可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：
本发明提供的一种用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂，按照重量份数组成为：水100份、粘结剂2～10份、粘性调节剂3～8份；所述粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)中的一种或其组合；所述粘性调节剂为甘油、油酸、聚乙二醇(PEG)中的一种或其组合。
本发明的另一目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：
本发明提供的上述用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂的制备方法如下，将所述水加热至70～95℃，加入粘结剂进行一次搅拌至完全溶解后，加入粘性调节剂进行二次搅拌溶解，即获得复合有机添加剂。
进一步地，本发明复合有机添加剂制备方法中一次搅拌的时间为2～4h，二次搅拌的时间为10～20min。
本发明提供的一种可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料，包括日用陶瓷坯体干料；此外还包括上述复合有机添加剂；所述复合有机添加剂的用量为日用陶瓷坯体干料的1～5wt％。
进一步地，本发明所述日用陶瓷的坯体干料的原料组成依据日用陶瓷的生产配方来确定，可以为高岭土、石英、钾长石、钠长石、三氧化二铝等常见陶瓷原料的二种或多种组合。例如，其原料组成为高岭土30～40wt％、石英粉25～40wt％、钾长石20～40wt％、钠长石0～25wt％、三氧化二铝0～10wt％，均为粒度250～325目的不含水粉体。其中，所述高岭土可以是Al2O3含量＜30％、可塑性指数＜0.4的低塑性(低品位)的高岭土。
本发明提供的上述可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料的制备方法如下，将所述日用陶瓷坯体干料、复合有机添加剂加入球磨机中以水为介质进行湿法球磨，所得泥浆经榨泥机脱水得到含水率为22～25％的陶瓷泥料，再经过真空练泥机练泥，即得到可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明提供的粘结剂-粘性调节剂复合形成的有机添加剂，一方面能够有效提升日用陶瓷泥料的粘性，只需要使用低塑性(低品位)的高岭土即可满足成型需要，能够大幅减少价格较高的优质粘土的使用量；另一方面，在增加泥料粘性的同时，通过使用粘性调节剂增加泥料的润滑性，从而防止增加了粘性的泥料对石膏模具的粘黏，容易实现正常脱模。
(2)本发明复合有机添加剂可通过调整粘结剂和粘性调节剂的比例，可有效满足塑性成形的要求，而这个性能不依赖于日用陶瓷的化学组成，因而能够满足多种日用陶瓷原料，具有较好的适应性。所得可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料适用于滚压成型以及塑压成型，其可塑性指数＞4、干坯抗折强度＞1.11MPa。
(3)与通常添加纤维素类增强日用陶瓷泥料塑性的常规方法相比，本发明复合有机添加剂能有效减少陶瓷泥料在石膏模具表面的粘连，保持石膏模具良好的表面；同时，还可减少纤维素类添加剂随着水的渗入到石膏模具所导致的石膏模具吸水性能下降等问题。
下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
具体实施方式
实施例一：
1、本实施例一种用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂，按照重量份数其组成为：水100份、羧甲基纤维素4份、PEG-200 3份、PEG-1500 1份、甘油1份。
2、本实施例上述用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂的制备方法如下，将上述水加热至75℃，加入羧甲基纤维素进行一次搅拌2h至完全溶解(现象为静止消泡后，溶液澄清)后，加入PEG-200、PEG-1500、甘油进行二次搅拌12min溶解，即获得复合有机添加剂。
3、本实施例一种可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料，由日用陶瓷坯体干料和上述复合有机添加剂组成；日用陶瓷坯体干料的原料组成为：高岭土(Al2O3含量＜30％、可塑性指数＜0.4)32wt％、石英粉28wt％、钾长石33wt％、钠长石5wt％、三氧化二铝2wt％，均为粒度250～325目的不含水粉体；复合有机添加剂的用量为日用陶瓷坯体干料的3wt％。
4、本实施例上述可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料的制备方法如下，将100份上述日用陶瓷坯体干料、3份复合有机添加剂以及60份自来水加入装填了200份陶瓷球磨子的球磨机中进行湿法球磨2.5h，所得泥浆经榨泥机脱水得到含水率为24％的陶瓷泥料，再经过真空练泥机练泥，即得到可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料。
实施例二：
1、本实施例一种用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂，按照重量份数其组成为：水100份、羟丙基甲基纤维素5份、PEG-200 2份、PEG-1500 1份、甘油2份。
2、本实施例上述用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂的制备方法如下，将上述水加热至80℃，加入羟丙基甲基纤维素进行一次搅拌3h至完全溶解(现象为静止消泡后，溶液澄清)后，加入PEG-200、PEG-1500、甘油进行二次搅拌15min溶解，即获得复合有机添加剂。
3、本实施例一种可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料，由日用陶瓷坯体干料和上述复合有机添加剂组成；日用陶瓷坯体干料的原料组成为：高岭土(Al2O3含量＜30％、可塑性指数＜0.4)38wt％、石英粉30wt％、钾长石22wt％、钠长石10wt％，均为粒度250～325目的不含水粉体；复合有机添加剂的用量为日用陶瓷坯体干料的4.5wt％。
4、本实施例上述可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料的制备方法如下，将100份上述日用陶瓷坯体干料、4.5份复合有机添加剂以及60份自来水加入装填了200份陶瓷球磨子的球磨机中进行湿法球磨2.5h，所得泥浆经榨泥机脱水得到含水率为23％的陶瓷泥料，再经过真空练泥机练泥，即得到可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料。
实施例三：
本实施例与实施例一不同之处在于：
1、本实施例一种用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂，按照重量份数其组成为：水100份、甲基纤维素8份、PEG-2002份、油酸3份、甘油3份。
2、本实施例上述用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂的制备方法如下，将上述水加热至90℃，加入甲基纤维素进行一次搅拌4h至完全溶解(现象为静止消泡后，溶液澄清)后，加入PEG-200、油酸、甘油进行二次搅拌18min溶解，即获得复合有机添加剂。
3、本实施例一种可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料，由日用陶瓷坯体干料和上述复合有机添加剂组成；日用陶瓷坯体干料的原料组成为：高岭土(Al2O3含量＜30％、可塑性指数＜0.4)35wt％、石英粉35wt％、钾长石28wt％、三氧化二铝2wt％，均为粒度250～325目的不含水粉体；复合有机添加剂的用量为日用陶瓷坯体干料的5wt％。
4、本实施例上述可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料的制备方法如下，将100份上述日用陶瓷坯体干料、5份复合有机添加剂以及60份自来水加入装填了200份陶瓷球磨子的球磨机中进行湿法球磨2.5h，所得泥浆经榨泥机脱水得到含水率为24％的陶瓷泥料，再经过真空练泥机练泥，即得到可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料。
以未加入复合有机添加剂的日用陶瓷坯体干料为原料得到的泥料为对比例，本发明实施例得到的可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料的性能指标如表1所示。
表1本发明实施例泥料与对比例泥料的性能指标
Figure BDA0003205789650000051

Claims (8)

1.一种用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂，其特征在于按照重量份数组成为：水100份、粘结剂2～10份、粘性调节剂3～8份；所述粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、羟丙基甲基纤维素中的一种或其组合；所述粘性调节剂为甘油、油酸、聚乙二醇中的一种或其组合。
2.权利要求1所述用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：，将所述水加热至70～95℃，加入粘结剂进行一次搅拌至完全溶解后，加入粘性调节剂进行二次搅拌溶解，即获得复合有机添加剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于提高日用陶瓷泥料塑性的复合有机添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述一次搅拌的时间为2～4h，二次搅拌的时间为10～20min。
4.一种可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料，包括日用陶瓷坯体干料；其特征在于：还包括权利要求1所述的复合有机添加剂；所述复合有机添加剂的用量为日用陶瓷坯体干料的1～5wt％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料，其特征在于：所述日用陶瓷坯体干料的原料组成为高岭土、石英、钾长石、钠长石、三氧化二铝的二种或多种组合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料，其特征在于：所述日用陶瓷坯体干料的原料组成为高岭土30～40wt％、石英粉25～40wt％、钾长石20～40wt％、钠长石0～25wt％、三氧化二铝0～10wt％，均为粒度250～325目的不含水粉体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料，其特征在于：所述高岭土的Al2O3含量＜30％、可塑性指数＜0.4。
8.权利要求4-7之一所述可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料的制备方法，其特征在于：将所述日用陶瓷坯体干料、复合有机添加剂加入球磨机中以水为介质进行湿法球磨，所得泥浆经榨泥机脱水得到含水率为22～25％的陶瓷泥料，再经过真空练泥机练泥，即得到可塑成型日用陶瓷泥料。
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