CN113572365A - DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation and synchronous rectification method - Google Patents

DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation and synchronous rectification method Download PDF

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CN113572365A
CN113572365A CN202110921931.5A CN202110921931A CN113572365A CN 113572365 A CN113572365 A CN 113572365A CN 202110921931 A CN202110921931 A CN 202110921931A CN 113572365 A CN113572365 A CN 113572365A
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power
electrically connected
llc
switch tube
converter
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CN113572365B (en
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郭庆辰
廖粤峰
许国
但汉兵
刘永露
宁光富
王辉
熊文静
孙尧
粟梅
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Hunan Huafang Electronic Technology Co ltd
Central South University
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Hunan Huafang Electronic Technology Co ltd
Central South University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

The invention provides a DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation and a synchronous rectification method, comprising the following steps of: step 1, determining given V of output voltage of secondary side of bidirectional converterrefSampling the output voltage V of the secondary side of the actual bidirectional converter2Calculating the given V of the output voltage of the secondary side of the bidirectional converterrefOutput voltage V of secondary side of actual bidirectional converter2The difference of (a). The invention can adjust the output voltage, can stably output when the load fluctuates, can calculate the power flowing through the LLC resonant converter in real time by utilizing the DAB converter for adjusting the output voltage, can be used as a power estimator, saves a current sensor, can judge that the LLC resonant converter works in a current continuous mode or a current discontinuous mode according to the power of the LLC resonant converter calculated in real time, and can calculate the conduction time when the LLC resonant converter works in the current discontinuous mode, thereby realizing accurate synchronous rectification.

Description

DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation and synchronous rectification method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic power, in particular to a DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation and a synchronous rectification method.
Background
In the application of a railway traction system, a new energy electric vehicle charging system and an energy router, the bidirectional LLC converter can be used as a solid-state transformer (DC-DC transformer or LLC-DCX) to realize high conversion efficiency under open-loop control, and the bidirectional LLC converter has a duty ratio of 50% at a fixed resonant frequency. However, the power regulation capability of the LLC-DCX converter decreases. To maintain power regulation, a sigma structure may be employed. It uses an auxiliary DC-DC (D2D) converter connected in series at the input and in parallel (ISOP) at the output. For bi-directional power transfer applications, a dual active bridge converter (DAB) is a well established D2D converter, and this architecture is referred to as a bi-directional DAB-LLC converter. By the structure, the defects of voltage stress and limited power flow of the traditional single converter can be overcome.
While the traditional LLC mostly uses frequency conversion or phase shift for control, DAB mainly uses Single Phase Shift (SPS), Extended Phase Shift (EPS) and Dual Phase Shift (DPS). However, in DCX operation, a fixed frequency and a fixed duty cycle are mainly used. LLC-DCX converters are therefore widely used due to their simple control, and previous research has mostly focused on the converter part in Continuous Current Mode (CCM) operation. However, under light load conditions, the converter will operate in Discontinuous Current Mode (DCM) due to the small resonant current charging the resonant capacitor, whereas DCM conditions and Synchronous Rectification (SR) control have not been much investigated. In this case, during one period when the rectifier side switch is on, the current reverses, which increases the circulating current and affects the efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation and a synchronous rectification method, and aims to solve the problems that under the condition of light load, the converter runs in an interrupted current mode due to small resonance current for charging a resonance capacitor, and the traditional rectification method causes current reversal and increases circulating current in one period of conduction of a switch on a rectification side, so that the efficiency of the converter is influenced.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation and a synchronous rectification method, including:
step 1, determining given V of output voltage of secondary side of bidirectional converterrefSampling the output voltage V of the secondary side of the actual bidirectional converter2Calculating the given V of the output voltage of the secondary side of the bidirectional converterrefOutput voltage V of secondary side of actual bidirectional converter2A difference of (d);
step 2, inputting the difference value into a voltage controller, outputting a phase shift angle phi by the voltage controller, and taking the phase shift angle phi as the phase shift angle phi between the primary side voltage of the second transformer and the secondary side voltage of the second transformer, wherein when the phase shift angle phi is greater than 0, the bidirectional converter is in forward power transmission, and when the phase shift angle phi is less than 0, the bidirectional converter is in reverse power transmission;
and 3, when the bidirectional converter is used for transmitting forward power, estimating the transmission power P in the LLC resonant converter in real time according to the phase shift angle phi between the primary voltage of the second transformer and the secondary voltage of the second transformerLLCJudging the power PLLCWhether or not it is greater than the critical power PDCMWhen power PLLCGreater than the critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current continuous mode, a driving signal of a secondary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is the same as a driving signal of a primary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter;
step 4, when the power P isLLCLess than critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current interruption mode, the opening time of a secondary power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the delay T of the opening time of a primary power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter1At the moment, when the conduction time of a secondary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the conduction time TcWhen the drive signal is received, closing an LLC resonant converter secondary power switch tube to obtain an LLC resonant converter secondary power switch tube drive signal;
and 5, when the bidirectional converter is in reverse power transmission, estimating the transmission power P in the LLC resonant converter in real time according to the phase shift angle phi between the primary voltage of the second transformer and the secondary voltage of the second transformerLLCJudging the power PLLCWhether or not it is greater than the critical power PDCMWhen power PLLCGreater than the critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current continuous mode, a driving signal of a primary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is the same as a driving signal of a secondary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter;
step 6, when the power P is upLLCLess than critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current interruption mode, the opening time of a primary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the delay T of the opening time of a secondary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter1At the moment, when the conduction time of a primary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the conduction time TcAnd when the LLC resonant converter is started, the LLC resonant converter primary side power switching tube is closed, and a LLC resonant converter primary side power switching tube driving signal is obtained.
Wherein, the transmission power P in the LLC resonant converter is estimated in real time according to the phase shift angle phi between the primary voltage of the second transformer and the secondary voltage of the second transformerLLCThe method comprises the following steps:
calculating the transmission power P of a DAB converterDABAs follows:
Figure BDA0003207733000000031
wherein L iskRepresenting the second resonance inductance, fsIndicating the switching frequency, K2Representing the transformation ratio, V, of the second transformerc2Representing the voltage of the second electrolytic capacitor.
Transmission power P from DAB converterDABCalculating the transmission power P in an LLC resonant converterLLCAs follows:
Figure BDA0003207733000000032
wherein, K1Representing a transformation ratio of the first transformer;
wherein the critical power PDCMThe calculation of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003207733000000033
wherein L isrRepresenting the first resonant inductance, LmRepresenting the excitation inductance, CrRepresenting the resonant capacitance, V1Indicating the voltage of the input power, VdThe forward conduction voltage drop of an anti-parallel diode of a secondary side power switch tube in the LLC resonant converter is shown.
Wherein the time T1The calculation of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003207733000000034
wherein R represents a transmission power PLLCCorresponding load, TsIndicating the switching period, Ts＝1/fs，vCr_onThe conduction voltage of the secondary diode of the LLC resonant converter in current interruption mode is shown as follows:
Figure BDA0003207733000000035
wherein the on-time TcThe calculation of (a) is as follows:
AtTc 4+BtTc 3+CtTc 2+DtTc+Et＝0 (6)
wherein A ist、Bt、Ct、DtAnd EtRepresents a coefficient, At、Bt、Ct、DtAnd EtThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003207733000000041
wherein Z is0Representing the resonant impedance, omega, of an LLC resonant converterrRepresenting the resonance angular frequency.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time estimation of power, comprising:
inputting a power supply;
the positive electrode end of the first electrolytic capacitor is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the input power supply;
the positive end of the second electrolytic capacitor is electrically connected with the negative end of the first electrolytic capacitor, and the negative end of the second electrolytic capacitor is electrically connected with the negative end of the input power supply;
a first end of the LLC resonant converter is electrically connected with a positive electrode end of the first electrolytic capacitor, and a second end of the LLC resonant converter is electrically connected with a negative electrode end of the first electrolytic capacitor;
the first end of the DAB converter is electrically connected with the positive end of the second electrolytic capacitor, the second end of the DAB converter is electrically connected with the negative end of the second electrolytic capacitor, the third end of the DAB converter is electrically connected with the third end of the LLC resonant converter, and the fourth end of the DAB converter is electrically connected with the fourth end of the LLC resonant converter.
Wherein the LLC resonant converter comprises:
the drain end of the first power switch tube is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the first electrolytic capacitor;
the drain end of the second power switch tube is electrically connected with the drain end of the first power switch tube;
a drain terminal of the third power switch tube is electrically connected with a source terminal of the first power switch tube, and a source terminal of the third power switch tube is electrically connected with a cathode terminal of the first electrolytic capacitor;
a drain terminal of the fourth power switching tube is electrically connected with a source terminal of the second power switching tube, and a source terminal of the fourth power switching tube is electrically connected with a source terminal of the third power switching tube;
the positive end of the resonant capacitor is electrically connected with the drain end of the third power switch tube;
a first end of the first resonant inductor is electrically connected with the negative end of the resonant capacitor;
a first end of the excitation inductor is electrically connected with a second end of the first resonance inductor, and a second end of the excitation inductor is electrically connected with a drain end of the fourth power switch tube;
a first transformer, a first end of a primary side of the first transformer being electrically connected to a first end of the excitation inductor, a second end of the primary side of the first transformer being electrically connected to a second end of the excitation inductor;
a source terminal of the fifth power switching tube is electrically connected with the first terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer;
the drain end of the sixth power switch tube is electrically connected with the drain end of the fifth power switch tube;
a seventh power switch tube, wherein a drain terminal of the seventh power switch tube is electrically connected with a source terminal of the fifth power switch tube;
the drain terminal of the eighth power switch tube is respectively and electrically connected with the second terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer and the source terminal of the sixth power switch tube, and the source terminal of the eighth power switch tube is electrically connected with the source terminal of the seventh power switch tube;
a first end of the output capacitor is electrically connected with a drain end of the sixth power switch tube, and a second end of the output capacitor is electrically connected with a source end of the eighth power switch tube;
and the positive end of the output power supply is electrically connected with the first end of the output capacitor, and the negative end of the output power supply is electrically connected with the second end of the output capacitor.
Wherein the DAB converter comprises:
a first capacitor, wherein a first end of the first capacitor is electrically connected with a positive electrode end of the second electrolytic capacitor;
a first end of the second capacitor is electrically connected with a second end of the first capacitor, and a second end of the second capacitor is electrically connected with a negative electrode end of the second electrolytic capacitor;
a ninth power switch tube, a drain terminal of which is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor;
a tenth power switch tube, a drain terminal of the tenth power switch tube being electrically connected to a source terminal of the ninth power switch tube, and a source terminal of the tenth power switch tube being electrically connected to a second terminal of the second capacitor;
a first end of the second resonant inductor is electrically connected with a second end of the first capacitor;
a first end of a primary side of the second transformer is electrically connected with a second end of the second resonant inductor, and a second end of the primary side of the second transformer is electrically connected with a drain end of the tenth power switching tube;
the source end of the eleventh power switch tube is electrically connected with the first end of the secondary side of the second transformer;
a twelfth power switch tube, wherein a drain terminal of the twelfth power switch tube is electrically connected with a source terminal of the eleventh power switch tube;
a first end of the third capacitor is electrically connected with a drain end of the eleventh power switching tube and a first end of the output capacitor respectively, and a second end of the third capacitor is electrically connected with a second end of the secondary side of the second transformer;
and a first end of the fourth capacitor is electrically connected with a second end of the third capacitor, and a second end of the fourth capacitor is electrically connected with a source terminal of the twelfth power switch tube and a second end of the output capacitor respectively.
The scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the DAB-LLC bidirectional converter and the synchronous rectification method based on the power real-time estimation can adjust the output voltage, can stably output when the load fluctuates, can calculate the power flowing through the LLC resonant converter in real time by utilizing the DAB converter for adjusting the output voltage, can be used as a power estimator, save a current sensor, can judge that the LLC resonant converter works in a current continuous mode or a current discontinuous mode according to the power of the LLC resonant converter calculated in real time, and can calculate the conduction time when the LLC resonant converter works in the current discontinuous mode, so that accurate synchronous rectification is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a specific circuit diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram illustrating the operation of the LLC resonant converter in the current continuous mode;
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram illustrating the operation of the LLC resonant converter of the invention in the current interruption mode;
FIG. 5 is a control block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the drive signals of the LLC resonant converter of the invention.
[ description of reference ]
1-input power; 2-a first electrolytic capacitor; 3-a second electrolytic capacitor; 4-LLC resonant converter; 5-DAB converter; 6-a first power switch tube; 7-a second power switch tube; 8-a third power switch tube; 9-a fourth power switch tube; 10-a resonant capacitance; 11-a first resonant inductance; 12-excitation inductance; 13-a first transformer; 14-a fifth power switch tube; 15-sixth power switching tube; 16-a seventh power switch tube; 17-an eighth power switching tube; 18-an output capacitance; 19-output power supply; 20-a first capacitance; 21-a second capacitance; 22-ninth power switch tube; 23-tenth power switch tube; 24-a second resonant inductance; 25-a second transformer; 26-eleventh power switch tube; 27-twelfth power switch tube; 28-a third capacitance; 29-fourth capacitance.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation and a synchronous rectification method, aiming at the problems that under the condition of light load, because the resonant current for charging a resonant capacitor is very small, a converter runs in an interrupted current mode, and the current can be reversed in one period of the conduction of a switch on a rectification side in the existing rectification method, and the efficiency of the converter is influenced by the increase of circulation current.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, an embodiment of the present invention provides a DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation and a synchronous rectification method, including: step 1, determining given V of output voltage of secondary side of bidirectional converterrefSampling the output voltage V of the secondary side of the actual bidirectional converter2Calculating the given V of the output voltage of the secondary side of the bidirectional converterrefOutput voltage V of secondary side of actual bidirectional converter2A difference of (d); step 2, inputting the difference value into a voltage controller, outputting a phase shift angle phi by the voltage controller, and taking the phase shift angle phi as a primary side voltage of a second transformer and a secondary side voltage of the second transformerPhase shift angle phi between them, when phase shift angle phi>When the phase shift angle phi is less than 0, the bidirectional converter is in reverse power transmission; and 3, when the bidirectional converter is used for transmitting forward power, estimating the transmission power P in the LLC resonant converter in real time according to the phase shift angle phi between the primary voltage of the second transformer and the secondary voltage of the second transformerLLCJudging the power PLLCWhether or not it is greater than the critical power PDCMWhen power PLLCGreater than the critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current continuous mode, a driving signal of a secondary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is the same as a driving signal of a primary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter; step 4, when the power P isLLCLess than critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current interruption mode, the opening time of a secondary power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the delay T of the opening time of a primary power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter1At the moment, when the conduction time of a secondary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the conduction time TcWhen the drive signal is received, closing an LLC resonant converter secondary power switch tube to obtain an LLC resonant converter secondary power switch tube drive signal; and 5, when the bidirectional converter is in reverse power transmission, estimating the transmission power P in the LLC resonant converter in real time according to the phase shift angle phi between the primary voltage of the second transformer and the secondary voltage of the second transformerLLCJudging the power PLLCWhether or not it is greater than the critical power PDCMWhen power PLLCGreater than the critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current continuous mode, a driving signal of a primary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is the same as a driving signal of a secondary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter; step 6, when the power P is upLLCLess than critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current interruption mode, the opening time of a primary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the delay T of the opening time of a secondary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter1At the moment, when the conduction time of a primary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the conduction time TcWhen the LLC resonant converter primary side power switch tube is closed, the LLC resonant converter primary side power switch tube drive is obtainedA signal.
In the DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation and the synchronous rectification method according to the above embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, when the bidirectional converter is transmitting forward power, the transmission power P in the LLC resonant converter is calculated according to the phase shift angle phi between the primary voltage of the second transformer and the secondary voltage of the second transformerLLCAnd determining the power PLLCWhether or not it is greater than the critical power PDCMWhen power PLLCGreater than the critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current continuous mode, a driving signal of a secondary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is the same as a driving signal of a primary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter; when power PLLCLess than critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current interruption mode, a primary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is firstly turned on, and the turn-on time of a secondary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the turn-on time delay T of the primary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter1At the moment, when the conduction time of a secondary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the conduction time TcWhen the drive signal is received, the secondary power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is closed, a drive signal of the secondary power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is obtained, and the primary power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is closed after a period of time; when the bidirectional converter is in reverse power transmission, estimating the transmission power P in the LLC resonant converter in real time according to the phase shift angle phi between the primary voltage of the second transformer and the secondary voltage of the second transformerLLCJudging the power PLLCWhether or not it is greater than the critical power PDCMWhen power PLLCGreater than the critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current continuous mode, a driving signal of a primary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is the same as a driving signal of a secondary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter; when power PLLCLess than critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current interruption mode, the secondary power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is firstly turned on, and the turn-on time of the primary power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the turn-on time delay T of the secondary power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter1At the moment, when the LLC resonant converter primary side power switch tube conductorThe on-time being equal to the on-time TcWhen the drive signal is received, the primary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is closed, a drive signal of the primary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is obtained, and the secondary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is closed after a period of time; the switching frequency and the duty ratio of the bidirectional converter are consistent when the bidirectional converter transmits forward power and reverse power, and only the signal logic of the primary side power switching tube and the signal logic of the secondary side signal are exchanged.
Wherein, the transmission power P in the LLC resonant converter is estimated in real time according to the phase shift angle phi between the primary voltage of the second transformer and the secondary voltage of the second transformerLLCThe method comprises the following steps:
calculating the transmission power P of a DAB converterDABAs follows:
Figure BDA0003207733000000091
wherein L iskRepresenting the second resonance inductance, fsIndicating the switching frequency, K2Representing the transformation ratio, V, of the second transformerc2Representing the voltage of the second electrolytic capacitor.
Transmission power P from DAB converterDABCalculating the transmission power P in an LLC resonant converterLLCAs follows:
Figure BDA0003207733000000092
wherein, K1Representing a transformation ratio of the first transformer;
wherein the critical power PDCMThe calculation of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003207733000000093
wherein L isrRepresenting the first resonant inductance, LmRepresenting the excitation inductance, CrRepresenting the resonant capacitance, V1Which is representative of the voltage of the input power,Vdthe forward conduction voltage drop of an anti-parallel diode of a secondary side power switch tube in the LLC resonant converter is shown.
Wherein the time T1The calculation of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003207733000000101
wherein R represents a transmission power PLLCCorresponding load, TsIndicating the switching period, Ts＝1/fs，vCr_onThe conduction voltage of the secondary diode of the LLC resonant converter in current interruption mode is shown as follows:
Figure BDA0003207733000000102
wherein the on-time TcThe calculation of (a) is as follows:
AtTc 4+BtTc 3+CtTc 2+DtTc+Et＝0 (6)
wherein A ist、Bt、Ct、DtAnd EtRepresents a coefficient, At、Bt、Ct、DtAnd EtThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003207733000000103
wherein Z is0Representing the resonant impedance, omega, of an LLC resonant converterrRepresenting the resonance angular frequency.
The DAB-LLC bidirectional converter and the synchronous rectification method based on the power real-time estimation can calculate the result of the formula (7) in advance through computer software, and then calculate in a table look-up mode in the controller, so that the controller resource is saved.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time estimation of power, comprising: an input power supply 1; a first electrolytic capacitor 2, wherein the positive electrode end of the first electrolytic capacitor 2 is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the input power supply 1; a positive end of the second electrolytic capacitor 3 is electrically connected with a negative end of the first electrolytic capacitor 2, and a negative end of the second electrolytic capacitor 3 is electrically connected with a negative end of the input power supply 1; a first end of the LLC resonant converter 4 is electrically connected with the positive end of the first electrolytic capacitor 2, and a second end of the LLC resonant converter 4 is electrically connected with the negative end of the first electrolytic capacitor 2; the first end of the DAB converter 5 is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the second electrolytic capacitor 3, the second end of the DAB converter 5 is electrically connected with the negative electrode end of the second electrolytic capacitor 3, the third end of the DAB converter 5 is electrically connected with the third end of the LLC resonant converter 4, and the fourth end of the DAB converter 5 is electrically connected with the fourth end of the LLC resonant converter 4.
Wherein the LLC resonant converter 4 includes: the drain end of the first power switch tube 6 is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the first electrolytic capacitor 2; a second power switch tube 7, wherein the drain end of the second power switch tube 7 is electrically connected with the drain end of the first power switch tube 6; a third power switch tube 8, a drain terminal of the third power switch tube 8 is electrically connected to a source terminal of the first power switch tube 6, and a source terminal of the third power switch tube 8 is electrically connected to a cathode terminal of the first electrolytic capacitor 2; a fourth power switch tube 9, a drain terminal of the fourth power switch tube 9 is electrically connected to a source terminal of the second power switch tube 7, and a source terminal of the fourth power switch tube 9 is electrically connected to a source terminal of the third power switch tube 8; a positive terminal of the resonant capacitor 10 is electrically connected with a drain terminal of the third power switch tube 8; a first resonant inductor 11, wherein a first end of the first resonant inductor 11 is electrically connected with a negative end of the resonant capacitor 10; a first end of the excitation inductor 12 is electrically connected to a second end of the first resonant inductor 11, and a second end of the excitation inductor 12 is electrically connected to a drain end of the fourth power switching tube 9; a first transformer 13, a first end of a primary side of the first transformer 13 being electrically connected to a first end of the excitation inductor 12, and a second end of the primary side of the first transformer 13 being electrically connected to a second end of the excitation inductor 12; a fifth power switch tube 14, wherein a source terminal of the fifth power switch tube 14 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer 13; a sixth power switch tube 15, a drain end of the sixth power switch tube 15 being electrically connected to a drain end of the fifth power switch tube 14; a seventh power switch tube 16, a drain terminal of the seventh power switch tube 16 being electrically connected to a source terminal of the fifth power switch tube 14; an eighth power switch tube 17, a drain terminal of the eighth power switch tube 17 being electrically connected to the second terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer 13 and the source terminal of the sixth power switch tube 15, respectively, and a source terminal of the eighth power switch tube 17 being electrically connected to the source terminal of the seventh power switch tube 16; a first end of the output capacitor 18 is electrically connected to the drain end of the sixth power switch tube 15, and a second end of the output capacitor 18 is electrically connected to the source end of the eighth power switch tube 17; and the positive end of the output power supply 19 is electrically connected with the first end of the output capacitor 18, and the negative end of the output power supply 19 is electrically connected with the second end of the output capacitor 18.
Wherein the DAB converter 5 comprises: a first capacitor 20, wherein a first end of the first capacitor 20 is electrically connected with a positive electrode end of the second electrolytic capacitor 3; a second capacitor 21, wherein a first end of the second capacitor 21 is electrically connected to a second end of the first capacitor 20, and a second end of the second capacitor 21 is electrically connected to a negative electrode end of the second electrolytic capacitor 3; a ninth power switch tube 22, a drain terminal of the ninth power switch tube 22 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor 20; a tenth power switch tube 23, a drain terminal of the tenth power switch tube 23 is electrically connected to a source terminal of the ninth power switch tube 22, and a source terminal of the tenth power switch tube 23 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second capacitor 21; a second resonant inductor 24, a first end of the second resonant inductor 24 being electrically connected to a second end of the first capacitor 20; a second transformer 25, a first end of a primary side of the second transformer 25 is electrically connected to a second end of the second resonant inductor 24, and a second end of the primary side of the second transformer 25 is electrically connected to a drain end of the tenth power switch tube 23; an eleventh power switch tube 26, wherein a source terminal of the eleventh power switch tube 26 is electrically connected to a first terminal of the secondary side of the second transformer 25; a twelfth power switch tube 27, a drain terminal of the twelfth power switch tube 27 being electrically connected to a source terminal of the eleventh power switch tube 26; a third capacitor 28, a first end of the third capacitor 28 is electrically connected to a drain end of the eleventh power switch 26 and a first end of the output capacitor 18, respectively, and a second end of the third capacitor 28 is electrically connected to a second end of the secondary side of the second transformer 25; a fourth capacitor 29, a first end of the fourth capacitor 29 is electrically connected to the second end of the third capacitor 28, and a second end of the fourth capacitor 29 is electrically connected to the source terminal of the twelfth power switch 27 and the second end of the output capacitor 18, respectively.
In the DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation and the synchronous rectification method according to the above embodiments of the present invention, the voltage of the input power supply 1 is 375V, and the output voltage V is2Under the condition of 200v, a 1000W DAB-LLC bidirectional converter model is established, MOSFETs are used for primary side and secondary side switching devices, system circuit parameters and control parameters, a PI controller is realized in a TI digital signal processor TMS320F28069, in the experimental process, when the transmission power in the LLC resonant converter 4 exceeds a calculation critical value (336W), the LLC resonant converter 4 works in a resonant Current Continuous Mode (CCM), when the transmission power in the LLC resonant converter 4 is lower than 336W, the LLC resonant converter 4 works in a resonant current discontinuous mode (DCM), the conduction time of a power switching tube on the secondary side of the LLC resonant converter 4 is consistent with the calculated conduction time value, and no circulating current occurs.
In order to realize Synchronous Rectification (SR) control of the LLC resonant converter 4 in the bidirectional DAB-LLC converter in a full-load range, the DAB converter 5 is adopted as a power estimator in the bidirectional DAB-LLC converter to realize Synchronous Rectification (SR) control of the LLC resonant converter 4, and the DAB converter 5 is used for realizing flexible voltage regulation in the bidirectional DAB-LLC converter and calculating power transmitted from the LLC resonant converter 4 through a phase shift angle between a primary side and a secondary side and an output voltage without any current or input voltage information. According to the calculated power transmitted in the LLC resonant converter 4, the critical power of a current discontinuous mode (DCM) of the LLC resonant converter 4 and the conduction period of a secondary side rectifier bridge in the current discontinuous mode can be mathematically deduced, so that accurate synchronous rectification control is realized, the DAB converter 5 can accurately estimate the power flowing through the LLC resonant converter 4, then the conduction time of the secondary side rectifier bridge is calculated, so that the synchronous rectification control is realized, the transmission efficiency of the bidirectional DAB-LLC converter in light load is improved, when the power is transmitted in the forward direction, a control signal of a primary side power switch tube (S1-S4) in the LLC resonant converter 4 is a fixed PWM signal with the frequency equal to the resonant frequency of a resonant circuit in the LLC resonant converter 4 and the duty ratio of 50 percent, and the controller can realize the control of the DAB-LLC bidirectional converter only through one voltage controller, the DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation and the synchronous rectification method can accurately estimate the power flowing through the converter in real time, judge whether the LLC resonant converter works in a current discontinuous mode or not, and simultaneously accurately calculate the opening time and the conducting time of a power switch tube, thereby realizing accurate synchronous rectification, improving the light load efficiency of the converter and reducing the idle work.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A synchronous rectification method of a DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining given V of output voltage of secondary side of bidirectional converterrefSampling the output voltage V of the secondary side of the actual bidirectional converter2Calculating the given V of the output voltage of the secondary side of the bidirectional converterrefOutput voltage V of secondary side of actual bidirectional converter2A difference of (d);
step 2, inputting the difference value into a voltage controller, outputting a phase shift angle phi by the voltage controller, and taking the phase shift angle phi as the phase shift angle phi between the primary side voltage of the second transformer and the secondary side voltage of the second transformer, wherein when the phase shift angle phi is greater than 0, the bidirectional converter is in forward power transmission, and when the phase shift angle phi is less than 0, the bidirectional converter is in reverse power transmission;
and 3, when the bidirectional converter is used for transmitting forward power, estimating the transmission power P in the LLC resonant converter in real time according to the phase shift angle phi between the primary voltage of the second transformer and the secondary voltage of the second transformerLLCJudging the power PLLCWhether or not it is greater than the critical power PDCMWhen power PLLCGreater than the critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current continuous mode, a driving signal of a secondary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is the same as a driving signal of a primary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter;
step 4, when the power P isLLCLess than critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current interruption mode, the opening time of a secondary power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the delay T of the opening time of a primary power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter1At the moment, when the conduction time of a secondary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the conduction time TcWhen the drive signal is received, closing an LLC resonant converter secondary power switch tube to obtain an LLC resonant converter secondary power switch tube drive signal;
and 5, when the bidirectional converter is in reverse power transmission, estimating the transmission power P in the LLC resonant converter in real time according to the phase shift angle phi between the primary voltage of the second transformer and the secondary voltage of the second transformerLLCJudging the power PLLCWhether or not it is greater than the critical power PDCMWhen power PLLCGreater than critical powerPDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current continuous mode, a driving signal of a primary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter is the same as a driving signal of a secondary side power switching tube of the LLC resonant converter;
step 6, when the power P is upLLCLess than critical power PDCMWhen the LLC resonant converter works in a current interruption mode, the opening time of a primary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the delay T of the opening time of a secondary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter1At the moment, when the conduction time of a primary side power switch tube of the LLC resonant converter is equal to the conduction time TcAnd when the LLC resonant converter is started, the LLC resonant converter primary side power switching tube is closed, and a LLC resonant converter primary side power switching tube driving signal is obtained.
2. A DAB-LLC bidirectional converter synchronous rectification method based on real-time power estimation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the transmission power P in the LLC resonant converter is estimated in real time from the phase shift angle φ between the primary voltage of the second transformer and the secondary voltage of the second transformerLLCThe method comprises the following steps:
calculating the transmission power P of a DAB converterDABAs follows:
Figure FDA0003207732990000021
wherein L iskRepresenting the second resonance inductance, fsIndicating the switching frequency, K2Representing the transformation ratio, V, of the second transformerc2Represents the voltage of the second electrolytic capacitor;
transmission power P from DAB converterDABCalculating the transmission power P in an LLC resonant converterLLCAs follows:
Figure FDA0003207732990000022
wherein, K1Representing the transformation ratio of the first transformer.
3. A DAB-LLC bidirectional converter synchronous rectification method based on real-time power estimation according to claim 2, characterized in that said critical power PDCMThe calculation of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003207732990000023
wherein L isrRepresenting the first resonant inductance, LmRepresenting the excitation inductance, CrRepresenting the resonant capacitance, V1Indicating the voltage of the input power, VdThe forward conduction voltage drop of an anti-parallel diode of a secondary side power switch tube in the LLC resonant converter is shown.
4. A DAB-LLC bidirectional converter synchronous rectification method based on real-time power estimation according to claim 3, characterized in that said time T1The calculation of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003207732990000024
wherein R represents a transmission power PLLCCorresponding load, TsIndicating the switching period, Ts＝1/fs，vCr_onThe conduction voltage of the secondary diode of the LLC resonant converter in current interruption mode is shown as follows:
Figure FDA0003207732990000031
5. a DAB-LLC bidirectional converter synchronous rectification method based on real-time estimation of power as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that said conduction time TcThe calculation of (a) is as follows:
AtTc 4+BtTc 3+CtTc 2+DtTc+Et＝0 (6)
wherein A ist、Bt、Ct、DtAnd EtRepresents a coefficient, At、Bt、Ct、DtAnd EtThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003207732990000032
wherein Z is0Representing the resonant impedance, omega, of an LLC resonant converterrRepresenting the resonance angular frequency.
6. A DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation, applied to the synchronous rectification method of the DAB-LLC bidirectional converter based on real-time power estimation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising:
inputting a power supply;
the positive electrode end of the first electrolytic capacitor is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the input power supply;
the positive end of the second electrolytic capacitor is electrically connected with the negative end of the first electrolytic capacitor, and the negative end of the second electrolytic capacitor is electrically connected with the negative end of the input power supply;
a first end of the LLC resonant converter is electrically connected with a positive electrode end of the first electrolytic capacitor, and a second end of the LLC resonant converter is electrically connected with a negative electrode end of the first electrolytic capacitor;
the first end of the DAB converter is electrically connected with the positive end of the second electrolytic capacitor, the second end of the DAB converter is electrically connected with the negative end of the second electrolytic capacitor, the third end of the DAB converter is electrically connected with the third end of the LLC resonant converter, and the fourth end of the DAB converter is electrically connected with the fourth end of the LLC resonant converter.
7. A DAB-LLC bidirectional converter according to claim 6, wherein said LLC resonant converter comprises:
the drain end of the first power switch tube is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the first electrolytic capacitor;
the drain end of the second power switch tube is electrically connected with the drain end of the first power switch tube;
a drain terminal of the third power switch tube is electrically connected with a source terminal of the first power switch tube, and a source terminal of the third power switch tube is electrically connected with a cathode terminal of the first electrolytic capacitor;
a drain terminal of the fourth power switching tube is electrically connected with a source terminal of the second power switching tube, and a source terminal of the fourth power switching tube is electrically connected with a source terminal of the third power switching tube;
the positive end of the resonant capacitor is electrically connected with the drain end of the third power switch tube;
a first end of the first resonant inductor is electrically connected with the negative end of the resonant capacitor;
a first end of the excitation inductor is electrically connected with a second end of the first resonance inductor, and a second end of the excitation inductor is electrically connected with a drain end of the fourth power switch tube;
a first transformer, a first end of a primary side of the first transformer being electrically connected to a first end of the excitation inductor, a second end of the primary side of the first transformer being electrically connected to a second end of the excitation inductor;
a source terminal of the fifth power switching tube is electrically connected with the first terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer;
the drain end of the sixth power switch tube is electrically connected with the drain end of the fifth power switch tube;
a seventh power switch tube, wherein a drain terminal of the seventh power switch tube is electrically connected with a source terminal of the fifth power switch tube;
the drain terminal of the eighth power switch tube is respectively and electrically connected with the second terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer and the source terminal of the sixth power switch tube, and the source terminal of the eighth power switch tube is electrically connected with the source terminal of the seventh power switch tube;
a first end of the output capacitor is electrically connected with a drain end of the sixth power switch tube, and a second end of the output capacitor is electrically connected with a source end of the eighth power switch tube;
and the positive end of the output power supply is electrically connected with the first end of the output capacitor, and the negative end of the output power supply is electrically connected with the second end of the output capacitor.
8. A DAB-LLC bidirectional converter according to claim 7, characterized in that said DAB converter comprises:
a first capacitor, wherein a first end of the first capacitor is electrically connected with a positive electrode end of the second electrolytic capacitor;
a first end of the second capacitor is electrically connected with a second end of the first capacitor, and a second end of the second capacitor is electrically connected with a negative electrode end of the second electrolytic capacitor;
a ninth power switch tube, a drain terminal of which is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor;
a tenth power switch tube, a drain terminal of the tenth power switch tube being electrically connected to a source terminal of the ninth power switch tube, and a source terminal of the tenth power switch tube being electrically connected to a second terminal of the second capacitor;
a first end of the second resonant inductor is electrically connected with a second end of the first capacitor;
a first end of a primary side of the second transformer is electrically connected with a second end of the second resonant inductor, and a second end of the primary side of the second transformer is electrically connected with a drain end of the tenth power switching tube;
the source end of the eleventh power switch tube is electrically connected with the first end of the secondary side of the second transformer;
a twelfth power switch tube, wherein a drain terminal of the twelfth power switch tube is electrically connected with a source terminal of the eleventh power switch tube;
a first end of the third capacitor is electrically connected with a drain end of the eleventh power switching tube and a first end of the output capacitor respectively, and a second end of the third capacitor is electrically connected with a second end of the secondary side of the second transformer;
and a first end of the fourth capacitor is electrically connected with a second end of the third capacitor, and a second end of the fourth capacitor is electrically connected with a source terminal of the twelfth power switch tube and a second end of the output capacitor respectively.
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