CN113568029B - Device and method for measuring radioactivity in drinking water on line - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring radioactivity in drinking water on line Download PDFInfo
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- CN113568029B CN113568029B CN202110578175.0A CN202110578175A CN113568029B CN 113568029 B CN113568029 B CN 113568029B CN 202110578175 A CN202110578175 A CN 202110578175A CN 113568029 B CN113568029 B CN 113568029B
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- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003904 radioactive pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N21/643—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" non-biological material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/203—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being made of plastics
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an online measuring method of radionuclide in drinking water, which comprises the following steps: three parts of water sample collection, radioactivity measurement and data processing. The water sample collecting part can continuously collect the drinking water into the measuring chamber; the radioactive measuring part can rapidly and accurately measure alpha, beta and gamma radionuclide pollutants in the drinking water; the data processing part is used for processing the acquired nuclear signals in real time, selecting the signal amplitude spectrum of interest for analysis, and automatically alarming when the counting rate of the signals exceeds a threshold value or the change of the counting rate with time exceeds a certain degree. The online measurement method solves the problems that the conventional monitoring method of the water system cannot detect short-term pollution, cannot continuously monitor radioactive pollution of the water system, and cannot directly judge whether drinking water is polluted. The invention also provides an online measuring device for radioactivity in drinking water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radionuclide measurement, in particular to an online measurement device and method for radioactivity in drinking water.
Background
The intake of radionuclides is one of the ways the human body is exposed to radiation, and the high intake of radionuclides increases the risk of cancer, so ensuring a safe water supply is critical to public health. Due to accidents or artificial accidents, drinking water systems are vulnerable to contamination by radioactive substances. Conventional monitoring methods for water systems (periodic sampling for laboratory analysis) cannot detect short-term contamination and therefore cannot protect people from radiation exposure. In order to monitor the radioactive contamination of water systems by nuclear accidents, on-site online measurements are required to quickly and accurately evaluate alpha, beta and gamma radionuclide contaminants. However, there is currently no sophisticated on-line monitoring method to permanently monitor drinking water systems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an online measuring device for radioactivity in drinking water, which can measure whether the content of radionuclide pollutants in tap water exceeds the standard on line. The invention also provides an online measuring method for radioactivity in drinking water.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first technical scheme, the radioactive online measuring device in drinking water comprises a measuring chamber, a detector, a light guide, a photomultiplier and a data processing device, wherein the measuring chamber is barrel-shaped, an aluminum foil is adhered to the inner wall of the measuring chamber, a transparent plate made of glass is covered on the top of the measuring chamber, the measuring chamber is further provided with a water inlet for inputting drinking water and a water outlet for discharging leading water, the detector is made of a plastic scintillator, the detector comprises an outer ring and an inner ring group, the outer ring is barrel-shaped, the inner ring divides the measuring chamber into two independent chambers, the inner ring group is composed of a plurality of nested annular bodies, a channel for flowing the drinking water is formed between two adjacent annular bodies, overflow holes are formed in the top of the measuring chamber, the lower end of the channel between the annular bodies is communicated with the water inlet, and the upper end of the overflow holes are communicated with the water outlet through the chamber between the outer ring and the measuring chamber; the top of the measuring chamber is provided with an inverted funnel-shaped light guide, the lower end of the light guide is buckled at the top of the measuring chamber, and the upper end of the light guide is provided with a photomultiplier which is in signal connection with the data processing device.
In a second technical scheme, the online measurement method for radioactivity in drinking water uses the online measurement device for radioactivity in drinking water in the first technical scheme, drinking water is input into a measurement chamber through a peristaltic pump, the drinking water flows through a detector, alpha and beta particles emitted by radionuclide decay in the drinking water interact with the detector to generate fluorescence, part of the fluorescence directly passes through glass at the top of the measurement chamber and enters a light guide, the other part of the fluorescence is reflected by an aluminum foil at the inner wall of the measurement chamber and enters the light guide, the fluorescence is transmitted to a photomultiplier through the light guide and is converted into photoelectrons at a photocathode, and the photoelectrons are multiplied by the photomultiplier to finally obtain nuclear signals which can be processed by a data processing device.
In a second aspect, preferably, the data processing apparatus processes the core signal as follows:
step 1, signal discrimination: selecting the signals of the nuclear signals to reduce the interference of noise on counting and select proper signal amplitude for screening;
step 2, filtering and forming: filtering and shaping the nuclear signals screened in the step 1 to form a quasi-Gaussian waveform, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is improved;
step 3, counting and displaying: and (3) finishing classification counting of the nuclear signals after the filtering forming in the step (2) in a count display module to obtain a pulse amplitude spectrum.
In the second technical scheme, in step 2, filtering and shaping is performed on the nuclear signal by using a quasi-gaussian filtering and shaping circuit, the input signal obtained in step 1 is firstly narrowed in signal width by using a primary zero cancellation circuit, and then is shaped into a quasi-gaussian waveform by using a tertiary integration circuit, and a filter formed by the primary zero cancellation circuit and the integration circuit is a band-pass filter.
In the second technical scheme, preferably, in step 3, a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer is used to classify and count the input signals to obtain a pulse amplitude distribution spectrum; and then selecting the interested pulse amplitude for analysis to obtain the activity concentration of the corresponding radionuclide, and automatically alarming when the activity concentration value is found to exceed the limit value.
The beneficial effects of using the invention are as follows:
the problems that the conventional monitoring method of the water system (laboratory analysis by periodic sampling) cannot detect short-term pollution, cannot continuously monitor radioactive pollution of the water system and cannot directly judge whether drinking water is polluted are solved.
The designed water sample collecting part based on the automatic sampling principle sends drinking water into the measuring chamber through the peristaltic pump, the collected water sample is continuously monitored in the measuring chamber, and the monitoring result is displayed in real time through the counting display part, so that the defect that the conventional monitoring method cannot continuously monitor the radioactive pollution of the water system is overcome;
designed plastic scintillator-based radiometric measurement section, using very thin, closely spaced plastic scintillators to measure alpha and low-energy beta rays emitted by radionuclide decay
The designed data display part realizes the filter forming, classification counting, activity conversion and threshold exceeding alarm of nuclear signals, and overcomes the defect that the conventional monitoring method cannot directly judge whether drinking water is polluted or not.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an on-line measuring device for radioactivity in drinking water according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a measuring chamber in the device for measuring radioactivity in drinking water.
Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a detector in the on-line measuring device for radioactivity in drinking water according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the detector in the on-line measuring device for radioactivity in drinking water according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the radioactivity measurement process in the online measuring device for radioactivity in drinking water according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing nuclear signal processing in the device for online measurement of radioactivity in drinking water according to the present invention.
The reference numerals include:
1-drinking water supply system, 2-peristaltic pump, 3-measuring chamber, 31-light-transmitting plate, 32-water inlet, 33-water outlet, 4-detector, 41-outer ring, 42-inner ring group, 43-overflow hole, 5-light guide, 6-photomultiplier, 7-data processing device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present technical solution more apparent, the present technical solution is further described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiments. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the present technical solution.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-6, this embodiment provides an online measurement device for radioactivity in drinking water, which comprises a measurement chamber 3, a detector 4, a light guide 5, a photomultiplier 6 and a data processing device 7, wherein the measurement chamber 3 is in a barrel shape, an aluminum foil is adhered to the inner wall of the measurement chamber 3, the top of the measurement chamber 3 is covered with a transparent plate 31 made of glass, the measurement chamber 3 is further provided with a water inlet 32 for inputting drinking water and a water outlet 33 for discharging leading water, the detector 4 is made of a plastic scintillator, the detector 4 comprises an outer ring 41 and an inner ring group 42, the outer ring 41 is in a barrel shape, the outer ring 41 divides the inside of the measurement chamber 3 into two independent chambers, the inner ring group 42 is composed of a plurality of nested annular bodies, a channel for flowing drinking water is formed between two adjacent annular bodies, the top of the measurement chamber 3 is provided with an overflow hole 43, the lower end of the channel between the annular bodies is communicated with the water inlet 32, and the upper end of the overflow hole 43 is communicated with the water outlet 33 through the chamber between the outer ring 41 and the measurement chamber 3; the top of the measuring chamber 3 is provided with an inverted funnel-shaped light guide 5, the lower end of the light guide 5 is buckled on the top of the measuring chamber 3, the upper end of the light guide 5 is provided with a photomultiplier 6, and the photomultiplier 6 is in signal connection with a data processing device 7.
Example 2
An online measurement method for radioactivity in drinking water, which uses the online measurement device for radioactivity in drinking water in the embodiment 1, the drinking water is input into a measurement chamber 3 through a water inlet 32 by a peristaltic pump 2, the drinking water flows through a detector 4, alpha and beta particles emitted by radionuclide decay in the drinking water interact with the detector 4 to generate fluorescence, part of the fluorescence directly passes through glass at the top of the measurement chamber 3 and enters a light guide 5, the other part of the fluorescence is reflected by aluminum foil on the inner wall of the measurement chamber 3 and enters the light guide 5, the fluorescence is transmitted to a photomultiplier 6 through the light guide 5, and is converted into photoelectrons at a photocathode, and the photoelectrons are multiplied by the photomultiplier 6, so that nuclear signals which can be processed by a data processing device 7 are finally obtained.
The data processing device 7 processes the core signal as follows:
step 1, signal discrimination: selecting the signals of the nuclear signals to reduce the interference of noise on counting and select proper signal amplitude for screening;
step 2, filtering and forming: filtering and shaping the nuclear signals screened in the step 1 to form a quasi-Gaussian waveform, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is improved;
step 3, counting and displaying: and (3) finishing classification counting of the nuclear signals after the filtering forming in the step (2) in a count display module to obtain a pulse amplitude spectrum.
In step 2, the kernel signal is subjected to filtering forming processing by a quasi-gaussian filtering forming circuit, the input signal obtained in step 1 is firstly subjected to narrowing of signal width by a primary zero cancellation circuit, and then is formed into a quasi-gaussian waveform by a tertiary integration circuit, and a filter formed by the zero cancellation circuit and the integration circuit is a band-pass filter.
In step 3, classifying and counting the input signals by using a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer to obtain a pulse amplitude distribution spectrum; and then selecting the interested pulse amplitude for analysis to obtain the activity concentration of the corresponding radionuclide, and automatically alarming when the activity concentration value is found to exceed the limit value.
Example 3
Example 3 the specific use and effects of the present measuring device and measuring method are described in detail in connection with examples 1 and 2.
And (3) water sample collection: the water sample collecting part is provided with a drinking water supply system 1 and a measuring chamber 3, so that the online collection and discharge of drinking water are realized. The sampling pipeline mainly completes the collection function of drinking water, the implementation principle is as shown in fig. 2, a water pipe is connected into the drinking water supply system 1, and the drinking water is collected into the measuring chamber 3 through the peristaltic pump 2. The top of the measuring chamber 3 is a glass transparent plate 31, the other parts are made of ABS plastic, and a layer of aluminum foil is adhered to the inner wall (top transparent) of the measuring chamber 3, so that the interference of the outside on the detector 4 and the photomultiplier 6 can be isolated, and meanwhile, fluorescence generated by the action of rays and the detector 4 is reflected to the photomultiplier 6.
Radioactivity measurement: the detector 4 is designed in this part, so that the radioactivity in the drinking water is measured. The detector 4 mainly completes the detection function of nuclear radiation in drinking water, in order to detect radioactivity in the drinking water in real time, the detector is designed into a circular column nested mode, wherein an outer ring 41 of the detector 4 at the outermost periphery divides a measuring chamber 3 into an inner part and an outer part, the structure of the detector 4 is shown in fig. 3 and 4, the drinking water enters from a water inlet at the bottom of the detector 4, overflow holes 43 with the diameter of 5mm are formed in the tops of the outer ring 41 and the inner ring group 42, and when the sucked drinking water exceeds the overflow holes 43, the sucked drinking water enters the measuring chamber 3 at the outer periphery of the outer ring 41 through the overflow holes 43 and flows out of the measuring chamber 3 through a water outlet 33. If radionuclides are contained in the drinking water, alpha and beta particles emitted by decay of the radionuclides interact with the detector 4 to produce fluorescence. Some of this fluorescence enters the light guide 5 directly through the glass at the top of the measuring chamber 3, and some is reflected by the aluminium foil at the inner wall of the measuring chamber 3, most of this entering the light guide 5, as shown in fig. 5. The fluorescence is transmitted through the light guide 5 to the photomultiplier tube 6 where it is converted into photoelectrons which are multiplied at the photomultiplier tube 6 to finally obtain a nuclear signal which can be processed by the data processing means 7.
The light guide 5 of the radioactivity measuring section transmits the fluorescence output by the plastic scintillator detector 4 to the photocathode of the photomultiplier 6, where the light guide 5 has two roles: firstly, the measuring chamber 3 is matched with the photomultiplier tube 6, and secondly, the fluorescence generated by the detector 4 is collected as much as possible, the more the collected fluorescence is, the more useful information is, so that the voltage of the photomultiplier tube 6 can be reduced, and noise is reduced. The photomultiplier 6 of the radiometric part converts the fluorescence light transmitted by the light guide 5 into photoelectrons and amplifies these electrical signals, resulting in a suitable signal that can be processed by the data processing means 7.
And (3) data processing: the data processing part is designed with signal discrimination, filtering shaping and counting display, and is mainly used for processing the nuclear signal output by the detector 4 and displaying the result. As shown in fig. 6, the nuclear signal is screened by signal discrimination firstly; then entering a filtering forming module to form the nuclear signal into a quasi-Gaussian waveform and reduce the interference of noise; the nuclear signals after the filter forming are classified and counted in a count display module, and the result is displayed.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make many variations in the specific embodiments and application scope according to the spirit of the present invention, as long as the variations do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. An online measuring device of radioactivity in drinking water, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a measuring chamber, a detector, a light guide, a photomultiplier and a data processing device, wherein the measuring chamber is barrel-shaped, an aluminum foil is adhered to the inner wall of the measuring chamber, a transparent plate made of glass is covered on the top of the measuring chamber, the measuring chamber is further provided with a water inlet for inputting drinking water and a water outlet for discharging guide water, the detector is made of a plastic scintillator, the detector comprises an outer ring and an inner ring group, the outer ring is barrel-shaped, the inner ring group divides the inside of the measuring chamber into two independent chambers, the inner ring group is composed of a plurality of nested annular bodies, a channel for flowing drinking water is formed between two adjacent annular bodies, overflow holes are formed in the top of the measuring chamber, the lower ends of the channels between the annular bodies are communicated with the water inlet, and the upper ends of the overflow holes are communicated with the water outlet through the chambers between the outer ring and the measuring chamber; the top of the measuring chamber is provided with an inverted funnel-shaped light guide, the lower end of the light guide is buckled at the top of the measuring chamber, and the upper end of the light guide is provided with a photomultiplier which is in signal connection with the data processing device.
2. An online measurement method for radioactivity in drinking water, which uses the online measurement device for radioactivity in drinking water according to claim 1, and is characterized in that: the drinking water is input into the measuring chamber through the peristaltic pump by the water inlet, the drinking water flows through the detector, alpha and beta particles emitted by radionuclide decay in the drinking water interact with the detector to generate fluorescence, part of the fluorescence directly passes through glass at the top of the measuring chamber and enters the light guide, the other part of the fluorescence is reflected by aluminum foil on the inner wall of the measuring chamber and enters the light guide, the fluorescence is transmitted to the photomultiplier through the light guide, photoelectrons are converted at the photocathode, and the photoelectrons are multiplied at the photomultiplier, so that a nuclear signal which can be processed by the data processing device is finally obtained.
3. The method for online measurement of radioactivity in drinking water according to claim 2, characterized in that: the data processing device processes the nuclear signal as follows:
step 1, signal discrimination: selecting the signals of the nuclear signals to reduce the interference of noise on counting and select proper signal amplitude for screening;
step 2, filtering and forming: filtering and shaping the nuclear signals screened in the step 1 to form a quasi-Gaussian waveform, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is improved;
step 3, counting and displaying: and (3) finishing classification counting of the nuclear signals after the filtering forming in the step (2) in a count display module to obtain a pulse amplitude spectrum.
4. A method for online measurement of radioactivity in drinking water according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step 2, the kernel signal is subjected to filtering forming processing by a quasi-gaussian filtering forming circuit, the input signal obtained in step 1 is firstly subjected to narrowing of signal width by a primary zero cancellation circuit, and then is formed into a quasi-gaussian waveform by a tertiary integration circuit, and a filter formed by the zero cancellation circuit and the integration circuit is a band-pass filter.
5. A method for online measurement of radioactivity in drinking water according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step 3, classifying and counting the input signals by using a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer to obtain a pulse amplitude distribution spectrum; and then selecting the interested pulse amplitude for analysis to obtain the activity concentration of the corresponding radionuclide, and automatically alarming when the activity concentration value is found to exceed the limit value.
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| CN115575999B (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-08-11 | 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司 | On-line monitoring equipment for radioactive wastewater in hospital |
| CN115826027B (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2024-04-05 | 成都理工大学 | In-vehicle radiation environment monitoring system and radiation dose calculating method |
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