CN111221030A - Neutron-gamma detector based on physical integration and neutron-gamma online screening method - Google Patents
Neutron-gamma detector based on physical integration and neutron-gamma online screening method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T3/00—Measuring neutron radiation
- G01T3/06—Measuring neutron radiation with scintillation detectors
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Abstract
The invention provides a neutron-gamma online discrimination method and a corresponding neutron-gamma detector, comprising the following steps: optimizing to obtain the optimal integration time combination of the dual-energy window integration method; collecting and processing electric pulse signals obtained by detecting neutron and gamma radiation to form electric pulse signals, and realizing online real-time discrimination of the neutron and gamma pulse signals by using a dual-energy window integration method and the optimal integration time combination, wherein a pulse shape discrimination factor R is adoptedpsdNeutron and gamma signals are discriminated. The discrimination method and the neutron-gamma detector adopt a dual-energy window method for optimizing integration time aiming at individuals to discriminate neutrons and gammas, reduce the dependence of the overall performance of the detector on individual differences of crystals and devices, realize on-line discrimination of neutrons and gammas, and greatly reduce the false alarm rate of neutron detectionThe measuring system is greatly simplified, and the volume and the power consumption of the instrument are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of radiation detection, and particularly relates to a neutron-gamma detector based on physical integration and a neutron-gamma online screening method.
Background
The nuclear radiation environment monitoring system is an important link for radiation protection emergency and nuclear safety. A real-time nuclear radiation environment monitoring system is established, and the environment radiation condition can be timely and accurately provided for workers. Meanwhile, aiming at the situation that the anti-terrorism situation in China at present changes newly, higher requirements are put forward for the safety supervision of public transportation and customs, how to realize the safety monitoring and alarming in the public fields, and higher requirements are put forward for the monitoring and alarming of the nuclear radiation environment.
Neutron alarms are an important means of nuclear radiation environmental monitoring. The development of neutron alarms has gone through several technical stages: the first stage is independent neutron alarm, the technology is to detect and alarm neutrons in the near field, and generally only aims at neutron environment; in the second stage, the neutron and gamma detection are mechanically integrated, namely, the neutron and gamma detection are integrated in the same system in a geometric space and a mechanical structure, but the neutron and gamma detection and the gamma detection are two completely independent systems from the aspect of detector, signal transmission and processing, the neutron and gamma detection and the signal transmission and processing are not influenced by each other, and the neutron and gamma detection and the gamma detection are equivalent to the situation that two neutron alarm systems and two gamma alarm systems are installed in the same case. However, these simple mechanical integration methods have crosstalk between gamma and neutron, which increases the false alarm rate of the device, increases the volume and power consumption of the whole device, and seriously affects the miniaturization and portability of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a neutron-gamma detector based on physical integration and a neutron-gamma online screening method.
The invention provides a neutron-gamma online screening method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, optimizing to obtain an optimal integration time combination of a dual-energy window integration method;
secondly, collecting and processing electric pulse signals obtained by detecting unknown neutrons and gamma radiation to form electric pulse signals, realizing on-line real-time discrimination of the neutrons and the gamma pulse signals by utilizing a dual-energy window integration method and the optimal integration time combination,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the first step and the second step, a pulse shape discrimination factor R is adoptedpsdNeutron and gamma signals are discriminated.
Further, the first step and the second step both comprise:
detecting neutrons and gamma radiation in a radiation mixed field by adopting a single sensor device in a neutron-gamma detector to obtain detection signals, namely light pulse signals;
converting the optical pulse signal into the electrical pulse signal.
Further, the pulse shape discrimination factor RpsdSatisfies the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
said E1And E2Respectively satisfy
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
said a (t) is the pulse amplitude of said electrical pulse signal;
said t is0Is the starting time point of a gamma pulse or a neutron pulse in the electric pulse signal;
said t is1Is a certain time point after the peak of the gamma pulse or the neutron pulse in the electric pulse signal;
said t is2For said point in time t in said electrical pulse signal1At a later point in time.
Further, in the first step, after the neutron-gamma source is measured, the pulse shape discrimination factor R according to the neutron radiation and the gamma radiation obtained by detectionpsdThe figure of merit of the characteristic parameter spectrum FOM optimizes the time point t1And t2。
Further, the quality factor value FOM satisfies the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the delta R is the distance between the gamma peak position and the neutron peak position on the characteristic parameter spectrum;
the FWHMnThe full width at half maximum of a neutron peak on the characteristic parameter spectrum;
the FWHMγIs the full width at half maximum of the gamma peak on the characteristic parameter spectrum.
Further, after at least 100 pieces of gamma and neutron pulse signal waveform data are obtained through actual measurement in a radiation mixed field, a group of dual-energy window integration time combinations are selected, namely t1And t2For each waveform, its R is calculatedpsdCalculating a quality factor FOM for all waveforms;
repeatedly adjusting the dual energy window integration time combination t1And t2And calculating to obtain a plurality of quality factors FOM, and selecting the optimal dual-energy window integration time combination corresponding to the best, namely the maximum quality factor FOM as the optimal integration time combination.
Furthermore, the wave form of the gamma and neutron pulse signals obtained by actual measurement in the radiation mixed field is at least 1000.
Further, in the second step, the optimal set of integration time combinations t is adopted1And t2And carrying out online real-time discrimination on unknown neutron and gamma pulse signals.
The invention also provides a neutron gamma detector for realizing the neutron gamma on-line screening method of any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: a data processing device for processing the data of the data,
the data processing apparatus is configured to:
optimizing to obtain the optimal integration time combination of the dual-energy window integration method;
collecting and processing the electric pulse signals obtained by detecting the neutrons and the gamma radiation to form waveform data of the electric pulse signals, realizing the on-line real-time discrimination of the neutrons and the gamma pulse signals by utilizing a dual-energy window integration method and the optimal integration time combination,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the first step and the second step, a pulse shape discrimination factor R is adoptedpsdNeutron and gamma signals are discriminated.
Further, still include:
a sensor device, a signal collecting device and an analog operation circuit,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the sensor device comprises a neutron-gamma sensitive detection material which simultaneously detects neutron radiation and gamma radiation;
the signal collecting device is a photoelectric conversion device for receiving optical signals, a photoelectric amplifying device or an electric collecting device for receiving direct electric signals;
the analog operation circuit is used for amplifying, shaping, integrating, differentiating, weighting and/or operating the signals collected by the signal collection device.
Further, the neutron-gamma sensitive detection material is a material containing6Scintillators of Li, or are rich in H,10B. Scintillators of Cd or Gd, and mixtures containing the scintillators.
Further, the neutron-gamma sensitive detection material is a scintillator containing elements with neutron absorption and high collision cross section and a mixture containing the scintillator.
Further, the data processing device is also used for counting the neutron and gamma signals respectively and recording counting results and gamma energy spectrum information.
The neutron-gamma detector and the neutron-gamma online screening method adopt a dual-energy window method for optimizing integration time to screen neutrons and gammas, the online screening of the neutrons and the gammas is realized, the false alarm rate of neutron detection is greatly reduced, the performance of an instrument is improved, the neutron-gamma detector adopts a single sensor device to detect the neutrons and the gammas, the whole detection system is greatly simplified, and the volume and the power consumption of the instrument are greatly reduced. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for on-line screening for neutron gamma according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2(a) shows the integration time (t) of the dual energy windows for the gamma pulse signal in the neutron-gamma online screening method according to the embodiment of the invention1、t2) Optimizing and selecting;
FIG. 2(b) shows the integration time (t) of dual energy windows for neutron pulse signals in the neutron-gamma online screening method according to the embodiment of the invention1、t2) Optimizing and selecting;
FIG. 3 shows R of neutrons and gamma in the neutron-gamma online screening method according to the embodiment of the inventionpsdA characteristic parameter spectrum.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a neutron-gamma online screening method. In the method, a neutron-gamma detector based on physical integration is used for detecting a mixed radiation field comprising neutrons and gamma rays, test data obtained by detection is used for optimizing dual-energy window integration time, the neutron-gamma detector based on physical integration is used for detecting the neutrons and the gamma rays to be detected to obtain electric pulse signals, the electric pulse signals are acquired and subjected to waveform preprocessing to obtain waveform data of the electric pulse signals, and then a dual-energy window integration algorithm is used for carrying out signal discrimination on neutron and gamma detection events on the waveform data.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the dual energy window integration algorithm, for the pulse signal acquired by the data processing device each time, as shown in fig. 2(a) and 2(b), no matter for gamma radiation or for neutron radiation, two time points t are selected from the electric pulse signals acquired after the radiation is detected (which are respectively referred to as gamma pulse and neutron pulse in the present application)1、t2And for the electric pulse signal at t0-t1And t1-t2Is integrated and calculated to obtain E1And E2I.e. by
Wherein A (t) is the pulse amplitude of the electric pulse signal, t0Is the starting time point, t, of a gamma pulse or a neutron pulse in the electrical pulse signal1Is a time point, t, after the peak of the gamma pulse and the neutron pulse in the electric pulse signal2For said point in time t in said electrical pulse signal1At a later point in time.
Defining a Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) factor as:
r of the neutron and gamma-generated pulse signal due to the difference in the mechanism of action of the neutron and gamma-ray and sensor devicespsdThere is a large difference, so that according to RpsdDiscriminates between neutron and gamma signals.
Two time points t in the dual energy window integration algorithm1、t2Can be optimized as follows:
FIG. 3 shows R of neutron and gammapsdThe characteristic parameter spectrum can be calculated by the following formula to obtain a quality factor FOM (figure of merit) value:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Δ R is the distance between the gamma peak position and the neutron peak position on the characteristic parameter spectrum of fig. 3;
FWHMnthe full width at half maximum of the neutron peak on the characteristic parameter spectrum in FIG. 3;
FWHMγis the full width at half maximum of the gamma peak on the characteristic parameter spectrum described in fig. 3.
The quality factor FOM value represents the separation degree of a neutron peak and a gamma peak on the characteristic parameter spectrum, and the higher the FOM value is, the better the discrimination effect of the neutrons and the gamma is.
During the optimization selection, after the waveform data of enough gamma and neutron pulses (namely the waveform data of electric pulse signals obtained through acquisition and waveform preprocessing) is obtained through actual measurement of a radiation mixed field, a group of dual-energy window integration time combinations are selected, namely the t1And t2For each waveform, its R is calculatedpsdCalculating a quality factor FOM for all waveforms;
repeatedly adjusting the dual energy window integration time combination t1And t2And calculating to obtain a plurality of quality factors FOM, and selecting the optimal dual-energy window integration time combination corresponding to the best, namely the maximum quality factor FOM as the optimal integration time combination.
According to the above, referring to fig. 1, in the online neutron-gamma screening method of the present invention, a single sensor device in a neutron-gamma detector is used to detect neutrons and gamma radiation, and the online neutron-gamma screening method includes the following steps:
1) detecting a mixed radiation field comprising neutrons and gamma rays by a neutron-gamma detector based on physical integration, and optimizing the integration time of a dual-energy window by using test data obtained by detection: detecting a neutron gamma source by using the neutron gamma detector to obtain enough waveform data (namely, acquiring and waveform preprocessing the waveform data of an electric pulse signal), selecting a group of dual-energy window integration time combinations, namely, t1And t2For each waveform, its R is calculatedpsdCalculating the quality factor FOM of all waveforms, and repeatedly adjusting the integration time combination t of the dual-energy window integration method1And t2Respectively calculating FOMs under different dual-energy window integration time combinations, selecting a group of integration time which enables the FOMs to be optimal as the optimal integration time combination, and writing a related built-in program into programmable devices such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array) and the like, wherein at least 100 pieces of waveform data are required to be obtained, and preferably at least 1000 pieces of waveform data are required to be obtained;
2) after an unknown or screened neutron or gamma ray enters a sensor device of the neutron-gamma detector, the unknown or screened neutron or gamma ray interacts with the sensor device to generate a light pulse;
3) the optical pulse is detected by a signal collecting device of the neutron gamma detector, and an optical signal is converted into an electric pulse signal;
4) the electric pulse signals are amplified, shaped and the like through an analog operation circuit of the neutron gamma detector and then transmitted to a data processing device;
5) the data processing device collects and processes the received electric pulse signals (including waveform preprocessing, namely filtering and waveform smoothing algorithm processing) to form waveform data of the electric pulse signals, realizes online real-time screening of unknown neutron and gamma pulse signals by using a dual-energy window integration method, determines incident particles as neutrons or gamma rays, and can also count the neutrons and gamma signals respectively to analyze the energy spectrum distribution of the gamma.
The invention also provides a neutron gamma detector capable of realizing the neutron gamma on-line screening method, and the neutron gamma detector comprises:
the device comprises a sensor device, a signal collecting device, an analog operation circuit and a data processing device.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the sensor device comprises a neutron-gamma sensitive detection material, preferably containing6The Li scintillator may be H-rich,10B. Scintillators of elements with high neutron absorption and collision cross sections such as Cd or Gd, and mixtures containing the scintillators;
the signal collecting device can be a photoelectric conversion or photoelectric amplification device for receiving optical signals, such as a silicon photomultiplier or other photomultiplier, or an electric signal collecting device for receiving direct electric signals, such as an electric collecting type semiconductor detector;
the analog operation circuit is used for amplifying, shaping, integrating, differentiating, weighting and/or operating the signals collected by the signal collection device;
the data processing device collects, digitizes and processes the output signals of the analog operation circuit, distinguishes the neutron and gamma signals, counts the neutron and gamma signals respectively, and records the counting result and the gamma energy spectrum information; the data processing device is used for realizing the steps 1 and 5 in the neutron-gamma online screening method; the data processing device may employ a programmable device such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The method for screening neutrons and gammas on line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, optimizing to obtain an optimal integration time combination of a dual-energy window integration method;
secondly, collecting and processing electric pulse signals obtained by detecting unknown neutrons and gamma radiation to form electric pulse signals, realizing on-line real-time discrimination of the neutrons and the gamma pulse signals by utilizing a dual-energy window integration method and the optimal integration time combination,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the first step and the second step, a pulse shape discrimination factor R is adoptedpsdNeutron and gamma signals are discriminated.
2. The on-line neutron-gamma screening method according to claim 1, wherein the first step and the second step both comprise:
detecting neutrons and gamma radiation in a radiation mixed field by adopting a single sensor device in a neutron-gamma detector to obtain detection signals, namely light pulse signals;
converting the optical pulse signal into the electrical pulse signal.
3. The on-line neutron-gamma screening method according to claim 1 or 2,
the pulse shape discrimination factor RpsdSatisfies the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
said E1And E2Respectively satisfy
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
said a (t) is the pulse amplitude of said electrical pulse signal;
said t is0Is the starting time point of a gamma pulse or a neutron pulse in the electric pulse signal;
said t is1Is a certain time point after the peak of the gamma pulse or the neutron pulse in the electric pulse signal;
said t is2For said point in time t in said electrical pulse signal1At a later point in time.
4. The on-line neutron-gamma screening method according to claim 3,
in the first step, after the neutron-gamma source is measured, the pulse shape discrimination factor R of the neutron radiation and the gamma radiation obtained by detection is usedpsdThe figure of merit of the characteristic parameter spectrum FOM optimizes the time point t1And t2。
5. The on-line neutron-gamma screening method according to claim 4, wherein the quality factor value FOM satisfies the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the delta R is the distance between the gamma peak position and the neutron peak position on the characteristic parameter spectrum;
the FWHMnThe full width at half maximum of a neutron peak on the characteristic parameter spectrum;
the FWHMγIs the full width at half maximum of the gamma peak on the characteristic parameter spectrum.
6. The on-line neutron-gamma screening method according to claim 4 or 5,
after at least 100 pieces of gamma and neutron pulse signal waveform data are obtained through actual measurement in a radiation mixed field, a group of dual-energy window integration time combinations are selected, namely t1And t2For each waveform, its R is calculatedpsdCalculating a quality factor FOM for all waveforms;
repeatedly adjusting the dual energy window integration time combination t1And t2And calculating to obtain a plurality of quality factors FOM, and selecting the optimal dual-energy window integration time combination corresponding to the best, namely the maximum quality factor FOM as the optimal integration time combination.
7. The on-line neutron-gamma screening method according to claim 6,
the wave form of the gamma and neutron pulse signals obtained by actual measurement in the radiation mixed field is at least 1000.
8. The on-line neutron-gamma screening method according to claim 6,
in the second step, the optimal group of integration time combinations t is adopted1And t2And carrying out online real-time discrimination on unknown neutron and gamma pulse signals.
9. The neutron-gamma detector for realizing the neutron-gamma online screening method of any one of claims 1 to 8, is characterized by comprising: a data processing device for processing the data of the data,
the data processing apparatus is configured to:
optimizing to obtain the optimal integration time combination of the dual-energy window integration method;
collecting and processing the electric pulse signals obtained by detecting the neutrons and the gamma radiation to form waveform data of the electric pulse signals, realizing the on-line real-time discrimination of the neutrons and the gamma pulse signals by utilizing a dual-energy window integration method and the optimal integration time combination,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the first step and the second step, a pulse shape discrimination factor R is adoptedpsdNeutron and gamma signals are discriminated.
10. The neutron gamma detector of claim 9, further comprising:
a sensor device, a signal collecting device and an analog operation circuit,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the sensor device comprises a neutron-gamma sensitive detection material which simultaneously detects neutron radiation and gamma radiation;
the signal collecting device is a photoelectric conversion device for receiving optical signals, a photoelectric amplifying device or an electric collecting device for receiving direct electric signals;
the analog operation circuit is used for amplifying, shaping, integrating, differentiating, weighting and/or operating the signals collected by the signal collection device.
11. The neutron-gamma detector of claim 10, wherein the neutron-gamma sensitive detection material is a material containing6Scintillators of Li, or are rich in H,10B. Scintillators of Cd or Gd, and mixtures containing the scintillators.
12. The neutron-gamma detector of claim 10, wherein the neutron-gamma sensitive detection material is a scintillator containing an element with a high neutron absorption and collision cross section and a mixture containing the scintillator.
13. The neutron-gamma detector of any of claims 10-12, wherein the data processing device is further configured to count the neutron and gamma signals separately and record the count results along with gamma spectrum information.
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| CN112649837A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-13 | 松山湖材料实验室 | Particle identification method, electronic readout system and neutron detector |
| CN112882082A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-01 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Neutron-gamma ambient dose equivalent rate instrument based on pulse shape discrimination |
| CN113466913A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-10-01 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Mixed radiation field dosage measuring system based on liquid scintillator detector |
| CN114152639A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-08 | 四川大学 | Gamma neutron activation analysis method capable of removing neutron interference |
| CN115079244A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-20 | 成都理工大学工程技术学院 | Digital n/gamma discrimination method based on trailing edge amplitude percentile slope |
| CN115079244B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-05-30 | 成都理工大学工程技术学院 | Digital n/gamma screening method based on gradient of falling edge amplitude percentage point |
| CN116819599A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-09-29 | 成都理工大学工程技术学院 | Neutron-gamma ray screening method, system, equipment and medium |
| CN116819599B (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-01-23 | 成都理工大学工程技术学院 | Neutron-gamma ray screening method, system, equipment and medium |
| CN117270015A (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2023-12-22 | 中国科学技术大学 | Environmental neutron gamma radiation monitoring system and environmental neutron gamma radiation monitoring method |
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