CN113566859A - Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing ultra-long sensing distance - Google Patents
Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing ultra-long sensing distance Download PDFInfo
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- CN113566859A CN113566859A CN202110704271.5A CN202110704271A CN113566859A CN 113566859 A CN113566859 A CN 113566859A CN 202110704271 A CN202110704271 A CN 202110704271A CN 113566859 A CN113566859 A CN 113566859A
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
- G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
- G01D5/35364—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of distributed optical fiber sensing, in particular to a Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing an ultra-long sensing distance, which comprises a laser, wherein laser emitted by the laser is divided into two beams, one beam is modulated into pulse light, the other beam enters the sensing optical fiber after passing through a first isolator, a wavelength division multiplexer and a second coupler in sequence, and after being subjected to double-sideband modulation by a second modulator and low-frequency sidebands are filtered, the high-frequency sideband enters the sensing optical fiber from the other end through the third coupler to amplify the pulse light, backward Stokes light and anti-Stokes light generated by Raman scattering of the pulse light in the sensing optical fiber are respectively output to the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector through the second coupler and the wavelength division multiplexer, and pump laser signals output by the first pump laser and the second pump laser oppositely enter the sensing optical fiber to amplify the anti-Stokes light. The invention can improve the sensing distance of the Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of distributed optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing an ultra-long sensing distance.
Background
The Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system continuously measures the temperature along the sensing optical fiber by collecting Raman anti-Stokes scattered light sensitive to temperature signals in the sensing optical fiber and utilizing an optical time domain reflection technology. The Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system has the advantages of corrosion resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance, light weight and the like, and can be suitable for various complex environments. Therefore, the Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system is widely applied to the field of safety monitoring of buildings such as tunnels, coal mines, bridges and the like.
Since the intensity of the raman anti-stokes scattered signal is 50-60 dB weaker than the incident light intensity, the raman anti-stokes signal also decreases as the sensing distance increases. At present, the effective sensing distance of the distributed optical fiber sensing system is 30 km. Therefore, in order to realize the distributed temperature measurement over a long distance, it is necessary to invent a brand new distributed optical fiber raman sensing device and method to improve the effective sensing distance of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problem that the sensing distance of a Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system in the prior art is limited by the signal-to-noise ratio, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device and method capable of achieving the ultra-long sensing distance are provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of achieving an ultra-long sensing distance comprises a laser, a first pump laser and a second pump laser, wherein laser emitted by the laser is divided into two beams through a first coupler, one beam is modulated into pulse light through the first modulator and then enters a sensing optical fiber through a first isolator, a wavelength division multiplexer and a second coupler in sequence, the other beam is subjected to double-sideband modulation through the second modulator and then is filtered by a filter to remove a low-frequency sideband, a high-frequency sideband enters the sensing optical fiber from the other end through a third coupler to amplify the pulse light, backward Stokes light and anti-Stokes light generated by Raman scattering of the pulse light in the sensing optical fiber are output through the second coupler and return to the wavelength division multiplexer and then are output to a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector through the wavelength division multiplexer respectively, a pump laser signal output by the first pump laser enters the sensing optical fiber from the other end through the third coupler and then enters the sensing optical fiber from the other end to the anti-Stokes light And amplifying the light, wherein a pump laser signal output by the second pump laser enters the sensing optical fiber through the second coupler to amplify the anti-Stokes light.
The central wavelength of the laser is 1550nm, the central wavelengths of the first pump laser and the second pump laser are 1350nm, and the modulation frequency of the second modulator is 10.8 GHz.
The laser, the first pump laser and the second pump laser are all distributed feedback semiconductor lasers.
The Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing the ultra-long sensing distance further comprises a second isolator, and the second isolator is arranged between the third coupler and the sensing optical fiber.
The Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing the ultra-long sensing distance further comprises a first arbitrary waveform generator and a second arbitrary waveform generator, wherein the first arbitrary waveform generator and the second arbitrary waveform generator are respectively used for driving a first modulator and a second modulator.
The Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing the ultra-long sensing distance further comprises a data acquisition card, and the signal output ends of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are connected with the data acquisition card.
The Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing the ultra-long sensing distance has the following temperature demodulation formula:
wherein T represents the temperature of the measurement locationDegree, F (T) denotes the ratio of the anti-Stokes scattered signal intensity to the Stokes scattered signal intensity at the measurement location, F (T)0) Indicating a temperature of T during the calibration phase0The ratio of the anti-stokes scattering signal intensity to the stokes scattering signal intensity at the position of (1), k is the boltzmann constant, Δ ν is the raman shift, h is the planckian constant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the laser with the wavelength of 1550nm is subjected to double-sideband modulation by the acousto-optic modulator modulated by a sinusoidal signal, so that 1549.91nm laser passing through the filter provides amplification gain for 1550nm pulse laser transmitted by the sensing optical fiber, and the Raman anti-Stokes laser signal is enhanced; in addition, 1350nm laser beams generated by the two pump lasers respectively provide forward and reverse amplification gains for Raman backward anti-Stokes 1450nm scattered light, so that the Raman anti-Stokes signal intensity in the sensing optical fiber is greatly enhanced, and the detailed information of a temperature change area of the sensing optical fiber can be demodulated through the Raman anti-Stokes signal, so that the sensing distance can reach 100 km.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of achieving a sensing distance of 100 km according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1: laser, 2: first coupler, 3: first arbitrary waveform generator, 4: first electro-optical modulator, 5: first isolator, 6: wavelength division multiplexer, 7: first photodetector, 8: second photodetector, 9: acquisition card, 10: second arbitrary waveform generator, 11: second electro-optical modulator, 12: filter, 13: first pump laser, 14: third coupler, 15: second isolator, 16: second pump laser, 17: a second coupler.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a raman distributed fiber sensing device capable of achieving an ultra-long sensing distance, including a laser 1, a first pump laser 13, and a second pump laser 16, where laser light emitted by the laser 1 is divided into two beams by a first coupler 2, one beam is modulated into pulse light by a first modulator 4, and then enters a sensing fiber 18 after passing through a first isolator 5, a wavelength division multiplexer 6, and a second coupler 17 in sequence, the other beam is modulated by a second modulator 11 with double sidebands, and then low-frequency sidebands are filtered by a filter 12, the high-frequency sidebands enter a sensing fiber 18 from the other end after passing through a third coupler 14 and a second optical isolator 15 to amplify the pulse light, backward stokes light and anti-stokes light generated by raman scattering of the pulse light in the sensing fiber 18 are output by the second coupler 17 and returned to the wavelength division multiplexer 6, and then the signals are respectively output to a first photoelectric detector 7 and a second photoelectric detector 8 through a wavelength division multiplexer 6, the pump laser signals output by the first pump laser 13 pass through a third coupler 14 and a second isolator 15 and then enter a sensing optical fiber 18 from the other end to amplify the anti-stokes light, and the pump laser signals output by the second pump laser 13 enter the sensing optical fiber 18 through a second coupler 17 to amplify the anti-stokes light.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the output end of the laser 1 is connected to the a port of the first coupler 2, and the b port and the c port of the first coupler 2 are connected to the second arbitrary waveform generator 11 and the first arbitrary waveform generator 4, respectively. Wherein the a port of the first coupler is located at the output end, and the b port and the c port are located at the output end. The port a of the wavelength division multiplexer 6 is connected with the output end of the first isolator 5, the port b is connected with the port a of the second coupler 17, and the port c and the port d are respectively connected with the first photoelectric detector 7 and the second photoelectric detector 8; the second coupler 17 has a b port connected to the second pump laser 16 and a c port connected to one end of the sensing fiber 18, wherein the a port and the b port of the second coupler 17 are input ends, and the c port is located at an output end. The a and b ports of the third coupler 14 are connected to the output of the filter 12 and the first pump laser 13, respectively, and the c port is connected to the input of the second optical isolator 15, wherein the a and b ports of the third coupler 14 are located at the input and the c port is located at the output.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the center wavelength of the laser 1 is 1550nm, the center wavelengths of the first pump laser 13 and the second pump laser 16 are 1350nm, and the modulation frequency of the second modulator 11 is 10.8 GHz. Further, the laser 1, the first pump laser 13, and the second pump laser 15 are all distributed feedback semiconductor lasers. Specifically, the wavelength of the port of the wavelength division multiplexer is respectively: a. the wavelength of the port b is 1550nm, the wavelength of the port c is 1450nm, and the wavelength of the port d is 1650 nm.
Specifically, the sensing device of the present embodiment further includes a first arbitrary waveform generator 3 and a second arbitrary waveform generator 10, and the first arbitrary waveform generator 3 and the second arbitrary waveform generator 10 are used to drive the first modulator 4 and the second modulator 11, respectively.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the system further includes a data acquisition card 9, and signal output ends of the first photodetector 7 and the second photodetector 8 are connected to the data acquisition card 9. The data acquisition card 9 can acquire back stokes light and anti-stokes light signals in the sensing optical fiber in real time.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
1550nm laser that laser instrument 1 sent is divided into two bundles through first fiber coupler 2, and wherein a beam of laser gets into first electro-optical modulator 4, and first arbitrary waveform generator 3 carries out pulse modulation to laser signal, produces pulse laser. Pulse laser light enters the wavelength division multiplexer 6 after passing through the first isolator 5, enters the sensing optical fiber through the third optical fiber coupler 17, the other beam of laser light enters the second electro-optic modulator 11, a sinusoidal signal of 10.8GHz generated by the arbitrary waveform generator 10 is used for carrying out double-sideband modulation on the laser signal in the second electro-optic modulator 11, so that a Brillouin frequency shift is generated on an incident signal of 1550nm, the original 1550nm peak disappears, double peaks of 1549.91nm and 1550.09nm are formed, after passing through the filter 12, a low-frequency sideband with the wavelength of 1550.09nm is filtered, a high-frequency optical signal with the wavelength of 1549.91nm enters the sensing optical fiber from the other end after passing through the second optical fiber coupler 14 and the second isolator 15, and amplification gain is generated on the 1550nm pulse optical signal in the sensing optical fiber 18. The gain principle is as follows: when 1549.91nm laser and 1550nm pulse laser are transmitted in the sensing optical fiber, the 1549.91nm laser energy with higher intensity is transferred to the 1550nm pulse laser due to the stimulated Brillouin effect, and the 1550nm pulse laser is gain-amplified. The 1550nm pulse optical signal generates Raman scattering in the sensing optical fiber, and the generated backward anti-Stokes scattering light enters the first photoelectric detector 7 through the c port of the wavelength division multiplexer 6 and then is collected by the collection card 9. The Raman Stokes scattered light enters the second photoelectric detector 8 through the d port of the wavelength division multiplexer 6 and then is collected by the collecting card 9.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the pump light of 1350nm emitted from the second pump laser 13 enters the sensing fiber from the other end through the third fiber coupler 14 and the second isolator 15, the intensity of the pump light is higher than that of the backward anti-stokes scattered light in the sensing fiber, and the wavelength of the 1450nm anti-stokes scattered light is within the raman gain bandwidth of the pump light, so that the pump light can generate amplification gain on the anti-stokes scattered light. The 1350nm pump light emitted by the third pump laser 16 enters the sensing fiber through the second fiber coupler 17, and simultaneously, the anti-stokes scattered light is amplified and gained, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the anti-stokes scattered signal in the sensing fiber is improved. In this embodiment, both bidirectional pump lights can amplify the anti-stokes light in the sensing fiber. The amplification principle is as follows: when a weak optical signal (anti-stokes scattering light) and injected strong pump light are transmitted in an optical fiber simultaneously under the condition that the emission wavelength of the pump light is 70-100 nm lower than the wavelength of the signal light, and when the bandwidth of the weak optical signal is within the Raman gain bandwidth of the sensing optical fiber, the energy of the pump light can be transferred to the weak optical signal through the stimulated Raman scattering effect, so that the weak optical signal is amplified. Therefore, compared with single pump light, the bidirectional input pump light in the embodiment of the invention can further amplify anti-stokes scattering signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system.
The demodulation principle of the present invention is described below.
In the invention, the intensity of the back anti-stokes scattered light signal in the sensing optical fiber is as follows:
the back stokes scattered light signal intensity is:
wherein, is the incident power of the pulse laser, Kas、KsRespectively representing coefficients relating to raman anti-stokes signal, raman stokes signal backscatter cross-sections,Sis the backscattering factor, v, of the optical fiberas、vsRespectively, the frequencies of the Raman anti-Stokes scattering signal and the Raman Stokes scattering signal, ϕ e Representing the flux, mu, of the pulsed laser light coupled into the fibera1、μa2Respectively showing the amplification factor of gain generated on the anti-Stokes scattering signal, Δ v is Raman frequency shift, h is Planck constant, k is Boltzmann constant, T is sensing fiber temperature, α0、αas、αsThe loss coefficients of incident light, anti-Stokes light and Stokes light in the temperature measuring optical fiber are on the unit length respectively.
The ratio of the anti-stokes scattering signal intensity to the stokes scattering signal intensity is:
in the sensing optical fiber L0Setting a calibration optical fiber ring, and recording the temperature as T0Where the back-anti-stokes scattered light signal intensity is:
the back stokes scattered light signal intensity is:
L0the ratio of the intensity of the anti-stokes scattering signal to the intensity of the stokes scattering signal is:
F(T) AndF(T 0) Compared with the prior art, the method has the following steps:
the final temperature demodulation formula is:
wherein T denotes the temperature of the measurement location, F (T) denotes the ratio of the anti-Stokes scattering signal intensity to the Stokes scattering signal intensity of the measurement location, and F (T)0) Indicating a temperature of T during the calibration phase0The ratio of the anti-stokes scattering signal intensity to the stokes scattering signal intensity at the position of (1), k is the boltzmann constant, Δ ν is the raman shift, h is the planckian constant.
Thus, in actual measurement, first at a known temperatureT 0Sensing optical fiberL 0The calibration treatment is carried out, and the sensing optical fiber can be demodulated by using a formula (8)LThe temperature of (c).
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of achieving an ultra-long sensing distance is characterized by comprising a laser (1), a first pump laser (13) and a second pump laser (16), wherein laser emitted by the laser (1) is divided into two beams after passing through a first coupler (2), one beam is modulated into pulse light by a first modulator (4), then sequentially passes through a first isolator (5), a wavelength division multiplexer (6) and a second coupler (17) and then enters a sensing optical fiber (18), the other beam is subjected to double-sideband modulation by a second modulator (11), a low-frequency sideband is filtered by a filter (12), the high-frequency sideband enters the sensing optical fiber (18) from the other end through a third coupler (14) to amplify the pulse light, backward Stokes light and anti-Stokes light generated by the pulse light in the sensing optical fiber (18) through scattering are output through the second coupler (17) and then returns to the wavelength division multiplexer (6), and then the signals are respectively output to a first photoelectric detector (7) and a second photoelectric detector (8) through a wavelength division multiplexer (6), pump laser signals output by the first pump laser (13) enter a sensing optical fiber (18) from the other end through a third coupler (14) to amplify anti-stokes light, and pump laser signals output by the second pump laser (13) enter the sensing optical fiber (18) through a second coupler (17) to amplify the anti-stokes light.
2. A raman distributed fiber sensing device capable of achieving very long sensing distances according to claim 1, characterized in that the center wavelength of said laser (1) is 1550nm, the center wavelengths of said first pump laser (13) and said second pump laser (16) are 1350nm, and the modulation frequency of said second modulator (11) is 10.8 GHz.
3. A raman distributed fiber sensing device capable of achieving an ultra-long sensing distance according to claim 1, characterized in that said laser (1), said first pump laser (13) and said second pump laser (16) are all distributed feedback semiconductor lasers.
4. A raman distributed fiber sensing device enabling an ultra-long sensing distance according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a second isolator (15), said second isolator (15) being arranged between the third coupler (14) and the sensing fiber (18).
5. A raman distributed fiber sensing device capable of achieving an ultra-long sensing distance according to claim 1, further comprising a first arbitrary waveform generator (3) and a second arbitrary waveform generator (10), said first arbitrary waveform generator (3) and said second arbitrary waveform generator (10) being respectively used for driving said first modulator (4) and said second modulator (11).
6. A raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of achieving an ultra-long sensing distance according to claim 1, further comprising a data acquisition card (9), wherein the signal output terminals of the first photodetector (7) and the second photodetector (8) are connected to the data acquisition card (9).
7. The raman distributed fiber sensing device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature demodulation formula is as follows:
wherein T denotes the temperature of the measurement location, F (T) denotes the ratio of the anti-Stokes scattering signal intensity to the Stokes scattering signal intensity of the measurement location, and F (T)0) Indicating a temperature of T during the calibration phase0Is at the position ofThe ratio of the intensity of the Thauss scattering signal to the intensity of the Stokes scattering signal, k is the Boltzmann constant, Δ ν is the Raman frequency shift, and h is the Planck constant.
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