CN112033568B - Temperature and strain optical fiber sensing system adopting double-pulse modulation - Google Patents
Temperature and strain optical fiber sensing system adopting double-pulse modulation Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000035559 beat frequency Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature and strain optical fiber sensing system based on double-pulse modulation, and particularly belongs to the technical field of distributed optical fiber sensing. The temperature and the strain are demodulated simultaneously through Brillouin scattering frequency shift and Rayleigh scattering phase shift in the sensing optical fiber, and the problem of reduced Rayleigh scattering intensity detection precision caused by coherent Rayleigh noise caused by a narrow-linewidth laser is solved; three-wavelength light is used as detection light, so that the beat frequency light signal intensity is improved, and the signal-to-noise ratio of a sensing system is improved; the mode of phase shift keying double-pulse modulation is adopted, the contradiction between the spatial resolution and the measurement precision is solved, the high resolution of the sensing system is ensured, and meanwhile, the high-precision temperature and strain sensing is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of distributed optical fiber sensing, in particular to a temperature and strain optical fiber sensing system based on double-pulse modulation.
Background
In recent years, the optical fiber sensing technology is widely applied to safety monitoring of large-scale structures such as pipelines and bridges in geological settlement disaster areas due to the advantages of long measuring distance, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. The optical fiber sensing technology for single parameter measurement cannot meet the requirements of practical application, and a composite sensing system based on combined rayleigh scattering and brillouin scattering is receiving wide attention. The traditional system measures the temperature and the strain simultaneously by measuring the brillouin frequency shift and the ratio of the brillouin scattering intensity to the rayleigh scattering intensity, however, the method needs to measure the brillouin frequency shift and the rayleigh scattering intensity simultaneously and accurately, the accurate measurement of the brillouin frequency shift needs a narrow-linewidth laser source, and the narrow-linewidth laser source can increase the coherent rayleigh noise sharply, so that the measurement precision of the rayleigh scattering intensity is deteriorated, and further the measurement error of the temperature and the strain is increased. In addition, the backward scattering optical signal returned from the sensing optical fiber is weak, and after beat frequency with the reference optical signal, the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is reduced. Furthermore, when the detection pulse width is reduced, that is, the spatial resolution is increased, the detection pulse energy is weakened, and the measurement accuracy is lowered, so that the spatial resolution and the measurement accuracy are contradictory.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double-pulse modulated temperature and strain optical fiber sensing system, which demodulates temperature and strain by detecting Rayleigh scattering phase shift and Brillouin scattering frequency shift, avoids coherent Rayleigh noise in Rayleigh scattering intensity detection, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the system by adopting three-wavelength probe light, and realizes high-precision temperature and strain measurement under high spatial resolution by adopting keying phase shift double pulses.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: constructing a dual-pulse modulated temperature and strain fiber optic sensing system comprising:
the device comprises a first narrow linewidth laser, a second narrow linewidth laser, a third narrow linewidth laser, a wavelength division multiplexer, a first optical coupler, a pulse light modulation module, a phase modulation module, a pulse generation module, a pulse light amplifier (9), a first microwave source, an electro-optic modulation module, a sensing optical fiber, an optical circulator, a bias control module, a continuous optical amplifier, a second optical coupler, a polarization scrambler, a third optical coupler, a first signal processing device, a first frequency mixer, a data acquisition device, a second microwave source, a filtering module, a low-noise amplifier, a photoelectric detector, a second signal processing device and a second frequency mixer;
the first narrow linewidth laser, the second narrow linewidth laser and the third narrow linewidth laser are respectively connected to A, B, C ports of an input end of a wavelength division multiplexer, an output end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with an input end of a first optical coupler, a D port of an output end of the first optical coupler is connected with an input end of a pulse light modulation module, a pulse generation module is connected with a F port of the pulse light modulation module, an output end of the pulse light modulation module is connected with an input end of a phase modulation module, an output end of the phase modulation module is connected with a G port of an optical circulator, a pulse light amplifier is arranged between the output end of the phase modulation module and the G port of the optical circulator, and a H port of the optical circulator is connected with a sensing fiber; the port I of the optical circulator is connected with the input end of the continuous optical amplifier, and the output end of the continuous optical amplifier is connected with the port O of the input end of the third optical coupler; the output end E port of the first optical coupler is connected with the input end of the electro-optical modulation module, the output end of the first microwave source is connected with the J port of the electro-optical modulation module, the K port of the electro-optical modulation module is connected with the compensation end of the bias control module, the output end of the electro-optical modulation module is connected with the input end of the second optical coupler, the output end L port of the second optical coupler is connected with the feedback end of the bias control module, the output end M port of the second optical coupler is connected with the input end of the polarization scrambler, the output end of the polarization scrambler is connected with the input end N port of the third optical coupler, the output end of the third optical coupler is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector, the output end of the photoelectric detector is sequentially connected with the low-noise amplifier and the filtering module, the output end Y port of the filtering module is connected with the input end Q port of the first frequency mixer, and the output end Z port of the filtering module is connected with the input end c port of the second frequency mixer, the output end P port of the first frequency mixer and the output end b port of the second frequency mixer are respectively connected with the port U and the port V of the data acquisition device, and the output end S port and the output end T port of the data acquisition device are respectively connected with the first signal processing device and the second signal processing device.
Compared with the prior art, the double-pulse modulated temperature and strain optical fiber sensing system simultaneously demodulates temperature and strain by detecting Brillouin scattering frequency shift and Rayleigh scattering phase shift in the optical fiber, solves the problem of cross sensitivity of temperature and strain sensing, and also avoids the detection precision reduction of Rayleigh scattering intensity caused by coherent Rayleigh noise caused by a narrow-linewidth laser; the sensing is carried out by using the three-wavelength detection light, and compared with the traditional single-wavelength detection, the problem of signal-to-noise ratio reduction caused by weak backscattered light signals is solved by overlapping the frequency spectrum intensity of beat signals, and the measurement precision of a sensing system is improved; the invention uses a phase shift keying double-pulse modulation mode, solves the contradiction between the spatial resolution and the measurement precision, ensures the high resolution of the sensing system and realizes the high-precision temperature and strain sensing.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-pulse modulated temperature and strain fiber sensing system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a dual-pulse modulated temperature and strain fiber sensing system, comprising: the system comprises a first narrow linewidth laser 1, a second narrow linewidth laser 2, a third narrow linewidth laser 3, a wavelength division multiplexer 4, a first optical coupler 5, a pulse light modulation module 6, a phase modulation module 7, a pulse generation module 8, a pulse light amplifier 9, a first microwave source 10, an electro-optical modulation module 11, a sensing optical fiber 12, an optical circulator 13, a bias control module 14, a continuous light amplifier 15, a second optical coupler 16, a polarization scrambler 17, a third optical coupler 18, a first signal processing device 19, a first frequency mixer 20, a data acquisition device 21, a second microwave source 22, a filtering module 23, a low noise amplifier 24, a photoelectric detector 25, a second signal processing device 26 and a second frequency mixer 27;
the first narrow linewidth laser 1, the second narrow linewidth laser 2 and the third narrow linewidth laser 3 are respectively connected to A, B, C ports at the input end of a wavelength division multiplexer 4, the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer 4 is connected with the input end of a first optical coupler 5, a port D at the output end of the first optical coupler 5 is connected with the input end of a pulse light modulation module 6, a pulse generation module 8 is connected with a port F of the pulse light modulation module 6, the output end of the pulse light modulation module 6 is connected with the input end of a phase modulation module 7, the output end of the phase modulation module 7 is connected with a port G of an optical circulator 13, a pulse light amplifier 9 is arranged between the output end of the phase modulation module 7 and the port G of the optical circulator 13, and a port H of the optical circulator 13 is connected with a sensing optical fiber 12; the port I of the optical circulator 13 is connected with the input end of the continuous optical amplifier 15, and the output end of the continuous optical amplifier 15 is connected with the input end O port of the third optical coupler 18; the output end E port of the first optical coupler 5 is connected with the input end of the electro-optical modulation module 11, the output end of the first microwave source 10 is connected with the J port of the electro-optical modulation module 11, the K port of the electro-optical modulation module 11 is connected with the compensation end of the bias control module 14, the output end of the electro-optical modulation module 11 is connected with the input end of the second optical coupler 16, the output end L port of the second optical coupler 16 is connected with the feedback end of the bias control module 14, the output end M port of the second optical coupler 16 is connected with the input end of the polarization scrambler 17, the output end of the polarization scrambler 17 is connected with the input end N port of the third optical coupler 18, the output end of the third optical coupler 18 is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector 25, the output end of the photoelectric detector 25 is sequentially connected with the low-noise amplifier 24 and the filter module 23, the output end Y port of the filter module 23 is connected with the input end Q port of the first mixer 20, the output terminal Z port of the filtering module 23 is connected to the input terminal c port of the second mixer 27, the output terminal P port of the first mixer 20 and the output terminal b port of the second mixer 27 are respectively connected to the port U and the port V of the data acquisition device 21, and the output terminal S port and the T port of the data acquisition device 21 are respectively connected to the first signal processing device 19 and the second signal processing device 26.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the invention connects three narrow linewidth lasers with different wavelengths with a wavelength division multiplexer to generate three-wavelength detection light, the three-wavelength detection light is modulated into keying phase shift double-pulse detection light by a pulse light modulation module and a phase modulation module, backward scattering light returned from an optical fiber and reference light subjected to frequency shift by an electro-optical modulation module enter an electric domain link for filtering and separation after beating, and the temperature and the strain are demodulated by respectively processing Brillouin scattering frequency shift and Rayleigh scattering phase shift. After the backward scattering light with different wavelengths generated by the three-wavelength detection light is subjected to beat frequency, intensity superposition can be realized on a signal frequency spectrum, and the signal-to-noise ratio of a system is improved; the spatial resolution of the system is determined by the short pulse in the double pulses, the long pulse can realize the spectral width improvement of the Brillouin gain spectrum, and the Rayleigh phase shift signal under the phase shift keying double pulse modulation is subjected to phase shift autocorrelation processing, so that the random noise in the system can be eliminated, and the measurement precision of the temperature and the strain can be ensured at the same time under the condition of not sacrificing the spatial resolution.
The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to fig. 1: as shown in fig. 1, a first narrow linewidth laser 1 generates a laser signal with a wavelength of 1545 nm, a second narrow linewidth laser 2 generates a laser signal with a wavelength of 1550 nm, a third narrow linewidth laser 3 generates a laser signal with a wavelength of 1555 nm, the three optical signals are synthesized by a wavelength division multiplexer 4 and enter a first optical coupler 5, a port D of the first optical coupler 5 outputs probe light with an optical power ratio of 80%, a port E outputs reference light with an optical power ratio of 20%, the probe light output by the port D of the first optical coupler 5 enters a pulse light modulation module 6, a periodic electric pulse signal generated by a pulse generation module 8 enters a port F of the pulse light modulation module 6, the probe light is modulated into periodic double pulse signals with a certain interval by the pulse light modulation module 6 and then enters a phase shift keying module 7 to be modulated into phase shift double pulse signals, after being amplified by the pulse optical amplifier 9, the amplified light enters the port G of the optical circulator 13 and enters the sensing optical fiber 12 from the port H of the optical circulator 13, so that brillouin scattering light signals and rayleigh scattering light signals are generated. The returned scattered light signal enters the continuous optical amplifier 15 through the port I of the optical circulator 13 to be amplified, and then enters the port O of the third coupler 18. The reference optical signal output by the port E of the first optical coupler 5 enters the electro-optical modulation module 11 for frequency shift, the electrical signal generated by the first microwave source 10 enters the port J of the electro-optical modulation module 11, the frequency-shifted reference optical signal enters the second optical coupler 16 and is divided into two paths of light of 1: 99, 1% of the reference light is output by the port L and is processed by the bias control module 14 to be used as a feedback signal, the feedback signal enters the port K of the electro-optical modulation module 11 for compensating the bias voltage of the electro-optical modulation module 11, 99% of the reference light enters the polarization scrambler 17 from the port M to change the polarization state of the reference light into a high-speed random state, then enters the port N of the third optical coupler 18 and then is subjected to beat frequency with backward scattering light, and the output beat frequency light enters the photodetector 25 to be converted into an electrical signal. The electric signal output by the photodetector 25 is amplified by the low-noise amplifier 24 and enters the filter module 23 to filter unwanted signals and noise, the brillouin scattering signal is selectively output from the port Y of the filter module 23, enters from the port Q of the first mixer 20, is mixed with the high-frequency signal output from the port W of the second microwave source 22 in the first mixer 20, is output from the port P of the first mixer 20, enters the port U of the data acquisition device 21, is output from the port S of the data acquisition device 21, enters the first signal processing device 19, and is sampled by a window and subjected to differential cross-correlation operation on the brillouin scattering frequency shift signal to demodulate temperature information distributed along the optical fiber. The rayleigh scattering signal is selectively output from the port Z of the filtering module 23, enters from the port c of the second mixer 27, is mixed with the high-frequency signal output from the port X of the second microwave source 22 in the second mixer 27, is output from the port b of the second mixer 27, enters the port V of the data acquisition device 21, is output from the port T of the data acquisition device 21, enters the second signal processing device 26, and is subjected to phase-shift auto-correlation operation and phase-shift calculation phase difference by taking the rayleigh scattering phase-shift signal under the double pulses with different phases to demodulate the strain information distributed along the optical fiber.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A dual pulse modulated temperature and strain fiber optic sensing system, comprising:
a first narrow linewidth laser (1), a second narrow linewidth laser (2), a third narrow linewidth laser (3), a wavelength division multiplexer (4), a first optical coupler (5), a pulse light modulation module (6), a phase modulation module (7), a pulse generation module (8), a pulse light amplifier (9), a first microwave source (10), an electro-optical modulation module (11), a sensing optical fiber (12) and an optical circulator (13), the device comprises a bias control module (14), a continuous optical amplifier (15), a second optical coupler (16), a polarization scrambler (17), a third optical coupler (18), a first signal processing device (19), a first mixer (20), a data acquisition device (21), a second microwave source (22), a filtering module (23), a low-noise amplifier (24), a photoelectric detector (25), a second signal processing device (26) and a second mixer (27);
wherein, a first narrow linewidth laser (1), a second narrow linewidth laser (2) and a third narrow linewidth laser (3) are respectively connected to an input end A of a wavelength division multiplexer (4), B. the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer (4) is connected with the input end of the first optical coupler (5), the output end D port of the first optical coupler (5) is connected with the input end of the pulse light modulation module (6), the pulse generation module (8) is connected with the port F of the pulse light modulation module (6), the output end of the pulse light modulation module (6) is connected with the input end of the phase modulation module (7), the output end of the phase modulation module (7) is connected with the port G of the optical circulator (13), a pulse light amplifier (9) is arranged between the output end of the phase modulation module (7) and the port G of the optical circulator (13), and the port H of the optical circulator (13) is connected with the sensing optical fiber (12); the port I of the optical circulator (13) is connected with the input end of the continuous optical amplifier (15), and the output end of the continuous optical amplifier (15) is connected with the input end O port of the third optical coupler (18); an output end E port of the first optical coupler (5) is connected with an input end of the electro-optical modulation module (11), an output end of the first microwave source (10) is connected with a J port of the electro-optical modulation module (11), a K port of the electro-optical modulation module (11) is connected with a compensation end of the bias control module (14), an output end of the electro-optical modulation module (11) is connected with an input end of the second optical coupler (16), an output end L port of the second optical coupler (16) is connected with a feedback end of the bias control module (14), an output end M port of the second optical coupler (16) is connected with an input end of the polarization scrambler (17), an output end of the polarization scrambler (17) is connected with an input end N port of the third optical coupler (18), an output end of the third optical coupler (18) is connected with an input end of the photoelectric detector (25), an output end of the photoelectric detector (25) is sequentially connected with the low-noise amplifier (24) and the filtering module (23), an output end Y port of the filtering module (23) is connected with an input end Q port of the first mixer (20), an output end Z port of the filtering module (23) is connected with an input end c port of the second mixer (27), an output end P port of the first mixer (20) and an output end b port of the second mixer (27) are respectively connected with a port U and a port V of the data acquisition device (21), and an output end S port and a port T of the data acquisition device (21) are respectively connected with the first signal processing device (19) and the second signal processing device (26).
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| CN112986646B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-04-22 | 南京大学 | Double-pulse health detection system and method based on all-fiber current transformer |
| CN113654679B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-05-26 | 太原理工大学 | Distributed optical fiber temperature and strain simultaneous sensing system |
| CN113624363B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2024-05-03 | 太原理工大学 | Optical fiber temperature monitoring device |
| CN114526683B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2023-05-23 | 太原理工大学 | High-spatial-resolution temperature and strain optical fiber sensing system and measuring method |
| CN114526684B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2023-08-08 | 太原理工大学 | Brillouin optical time domain reflection temperature and strain detection device with chaotic external modulation |
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