CN113564506A - Thick-wall aluminum-based bimetal bearing production line and production method thereof - Google Patents
Thick-wall aluminum-based bimetal bearing production line and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113564506A CN113564506A CN202110852116.8A CN202110852116A CN113564506A CN 113564506 A CN113564506 A CN 113564506A CN 202110852116 A CN202110852116 A CN 202110852116A CN 113564506 A CN113564506 A CN 113564506A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
- C23G1/19—Iron or steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
Abstract
A thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing production line and a production method thereof relate to the technical field of bearing processing, and comprise the following steps: conveyer, edge conveyer direction corresponds the work area who sets up and sets gradually last alkali cleaning station, pickling station, helps plate station and hot dipping station of work area, conveyer includes transport mechanism and sets up last being used for of transport mechanism presss from both sides and gets the fixed part of bearing, be provided with alkali cleaning tank and first washing pond on the alkali cleaning station, be provided with pickling tank and second on the pickling station and wash the pond, help and be provided with on the plate station and help plate pond and stoving case, be provided with hot dipping tank on the hot dipping station. The thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing has the advantages of simple production method, low manufacturing cost and suitability for mass production, has higher strength and rigidity, is more widely applied, and is particularly suitable for industries such as wind power, ships and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing processing, in particular to a thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing production line and a production method thereof.
Background
The common metal sliding bearing alloy materials mainly comprise babbitt metal, copper-based alloy and aluminum-based alloy. The microstructure of babbitt metal is a classical "dual phase structure" in which hard and brittle eutectic compound phases are distributed in a soft Sn or Pb matrix structure which provides good deformability and lubricity characteristics. The alloy has good embedding property, compliance, seizure resistance, friction reduction, low thermal expansion coefficient and good process performance, the hard eutectic compound phase can improve the wear resistance and mechanical strength of the alloy, but the strength of the matrix is very low, and the bearing capacity and fatigue strength of the matrix can be greatly reduced when the working temperature is increased to 100 ℃, so that the alloy can only be applied to small and light-load automobile engine bearing bushes or bushings. The copper-based alloy has higher fatigue strength than babbitt alloy, has better self-lubricating property after being added with certain soft metals such as tin, lead, cadmium, antimony, zinc, bismuth and the like, can meet the use requirements of modern high-speed high-load engines under various working conditions, but is poorer in embeddability, smoothness and seizure resistance than babbitt alloy. Zn and Cu elements are added into the aluminum-based alloy and are dissolved in the aluminum matrix in a solid solution manner, so that the solid solution strengthening effect can be achieved, and the Si element is added into the matrix, so that a hard Si particle phase can be formed, and the effect of strengthening the mechanical property of the alloy is achieved. On the other hand, addition of Sn to an aluminum alloy can form a soft Sn phase in the alloy matrix, thereby exhibiting good lubricating properties. Therefore, the aluminum alloy not only has good fatigue strength and bearing capacity, but also has high temperature resistance which is not possessed by babbit alloy. Because the aluminum alloy has higher comprehensive mechanical property, heat conduction property and good corrosion resistance, and has rich resources and low price, the aluminum-based bearing alloy is more and more widely applied.
At present, the aluminum-based bimetallic bearing is mainly prepared by a rolling composite method and a sputtering deposition method. The rolling composite method has higher requirements on equipment, large mechanical deformation and large energy consumption are required in the rolling process, a good metallurgical bonding interface can be formed after long-time diffusion annealing after rolling, the production flow is complex, and the rolling composite method is not suitable for mass production. In addition, the rolling and cladding method is only suitable for manufacturing thin-wall bearing bushes, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy layer is 0.4-1.5mm, and the thickness of the steel back layer is about 1-4 mm. The sputtering deposition method has high requirements on equipment, high preparation cost and low production efficiency, and the thickness of the prepared aluminum alloy layer is between several microns and dozens of microns, so the method is not suitable for mass production. Moreover, in the wind power and marine industries, the requirements for bearings include: high temperatures, large axial forces, large load variations and impacts are required, and therefore, thin-walled aluminum-based bearing shells are limited in their use in such industries.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing production line and a production method thereof, and the specific scheme is as follows:
a thick-walled aluminum-based bimetallic bearing production line comprises: the device comprises a conveying device, a working area and a plurality of working stations, wherein the working area is arranged corresponding to the conveying device, and the working stations are sequentially arranged on the working area along the conveying direction of the conveying device;
the conveying device comprises a conveying mechanism and a fixing part which is arranged on the conveying mechanism and used for clamping the bearing, the conveying mechanism is arranged in parallel corresponding to the working area, a plurality of working stations and lifting stations are arranged on the conveying mechanism, and the working stations are respectively arranged corresponding to the working stations;
the station length of each work station along the conveying direction of the conveying device is in direct proportion to the station processing time.
Preferably, the operation stations comprise an alkali washing station, an acid washing station, a plating assisting station and/or a hot dipping station;
an alkaline washing tank and a first cleaning tank are arranged on the alkaline washing station, and the alkaline washing tank is used for carrying out oil removal treatment on the bearing;
a pickling tank and a second cleaning tank are arranged on the pickling station, the pickling tank is used for carrying out rust removal treatment on the bearing, and the pickling tank is arranged between the first cleaning tank and the second cleaning tank;
a plating assisting pool and a drying box are arranged on the plating assisting station, and a hot dipping pool is arranged on the hot dipping station; the plating assisting tank is arranged between the second cleaning tank and the drying box and is used for performing plating assisting treatment on the bearing; the hot dip coating tank is arranged on one side of the drying box, which is far away from the plating assisting tank, and is used for carrying out hot dip coating treatment on the bearing.
Preferably, the height difference between the lifting station and the working area is greater than the height difference between the working station and the working area
Preferably, a pretreatment station is arranged on one side, away from the acid washing station, of the alkali washing station, a spray head is arranged on the pretreatment station, and the spray head is used for carrying out pretreatment shot blasting on the bearing.
Preferably, a first opening and closing door is arranged on one side, close to the plating assisting pool, of the drying box, a second opening and closing door is arranged on one side, close to the hot dipping pool, of the drying box, and a first position sensor and a second position sensor are arranged on the conveying mechanism;
when the bearing is driven to pass through the first position sensor, the first opening and closing door is opened to enable the bearing to enter the drying box;
when the bearing is driven to pass through the second position sensor, the second opening and closing door is opened so that the bearing is taken out of the drying box.
Preferably, temperature sensors are arranged on the alkaline cleaning station, the acid cleaning station, the plating assisting station and the hot dipping station and are used for detecting the temperature of the stations.
Preferably, a third position sensor and an alarm are arranged on the conveying mechanism;
and when the hot dipping treatment is finished and the bearing is driven to pass through the third position sensor, the alarm is started to send out warning prompt.
The invention also provides a production method of the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, clamping a steel back through the fixing part;
step 6, after the hot dipping treatment is finished, the alarm gives out warning prompt, the steel back subjected to the hot dipping treatment is placed into a mold, and the mold is cast;
and 7, taking the cast blank out of the die for heat preservation treatment, and air-cooling to obtain the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing.
Preferably, in step 4:
the plating assistant pool contains a plating assistant agent, and the plating assistant agent comprises the following components: KF.2H2O、KCl、NiCl2And H2O。
Preferably, KF.2H2O, KCl and NiCl2Is between 1:1:1 and 3.2:2: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with a rolled composite aluminum-based bearing bush, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the process for preparing the aluminum-based bearing bush by rolling and compounding is complex, and the steps of pretreatment of a steel plate and an aluminum plate, rolling, heat treatment after rolling, edge shearing, straightening, edge rolling and the like are required; the process method only needs pretreatment water washing, alkali washing treatment, acid washing treatment, plating assisting treatment, hot dipping treatment, casting treatment and heat preservation cooling to prepare the finished bearing bush, and the process is relatively simple; 2) the thickness of the aluminum-based bearing bush steel back prepared by the rolling composite process and the thickness of the aluminum layer are both limited, wherein the thickness of the steel back is between 1mm and 4mm, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy layer is between 0.4mm and 1.5 mm; the thickness of the steel back and the thickness of the aluminum layer of the aluminum-based bearing bush prepared by the invention are not limited theoretically, and the aluminum-based composite bearing bush with any thickness can be designed; 3) the aluminum-based bearing bush prepared by the rolling composite process has insufficient rigidity and high requirement on the processing precision of a bearing seat, and can only be applied to automobile engines and diesel engines generally, while the thick-wall aluminum-based bearing bush prepared by the invention has higher strength and rigidity and wider application field, and is particularly suitable for industries such as wind power, ships and the like.
Compared with the sputtering deposition of the aluminum-based bearing bush, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the process for preparing the aluminum-based bearing bush by sputtering deposition has high requirements, and the steps of plating by using a magnetron sputtering deposition technology, adjusting the frequency and the temperature of a magnetron target and the like are required; the process method only needs pretreatment water washing, alkali washing treatment, acid washing treatment, plating assisting treatment, hot dipping treatment, casting treatment and heat preservation cooling to prepare the finished bearing bush, and the process requirement is relatively low; 2) sputtering equipment used for preparing the aluminum-based bearing bush by sputtering deposition has high cost and low production efficiency, and is not suitable for mass production; the thick-wall aluminum-based bearing bush prepared by the invention has low cost and high efficiency, can be produced in large batch, has higher strength and rigidity, has wider application field, and is particularly suitable for industries such as wind power, ships and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an overall production line according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a drying box according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a conveying device; 101. a transport mechanism; 1011. a working station; 1012. raising the station; 102. a fixing member; 2. an alkaline cleaning station; 201. an alkali washing tank; 202. a first cleaning tank; 3. an acid washing station; 301. a pickling tank; 302. a second cleaning tank; 4. a plating assistant station; 401. a plating assisting tank; 402. a drying box; 4021. a first opening and closing door; 4022. a second opening and closing door; 5. a hot dip coating station; 501. a hot dip coating tank; 6. a pretreatment station; 601. a spray head; 7. a first position sensor; 8. a second position sensor; 9. a third position sensor; 10. an alarm; 11. a temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a thick-walled aluminum-based bimetallic bearing production line includes: the device comprises a conveying device 1, a working area correspondingly arranged along the direction of the conveying device 1, and a pretreatment station 6, an alkali washing station 2, an acid washing station 3, a plating assisting station 4 and a hot dipping station 5 which are sequentially arranged on the working area.
The conveying device 1 includes a conveying mechanism 101 and a fixing member 102 provided on the conveying mechanism 101 for gripping the bearing. In particular, the fixing part 102 may employ a fixing clamp, or other common tools like a fixing clamp that may be used to clamp a bearing. The conveying mechanism 101 and the working area are correspondingly arranged in parallel, and the conveying mechanism 101 is located right above the working area. The conveying mechanism 101 is provided with a plurality of working stations 1011 and lifting stations 1012, the height difference between the lifting stations 1012 and the working area is larger than that between the working stations 1011 and the working area, and the working stations 1011 are respectively arranged corresponding to the pretreatment station 6, the alkaline cleaning station 2, the acid cleaning station 3, the plating assistant station 4 and the hot dipping station 5. One end of the fixing component 102 is fixed on the conveying mechanism 101 and moves synchronously with the conveying mechanism 101, and the other end is used for clamping the bearing. Preferably, one end for gripping the bearing may be provided with a symmetrical jaw shape or four jaws in an axial direction, and the fixing member 102 may be selected according to the shape of the bearing without limitation. Further preferably, a rotating mechanism may be disposed at a connection position between the fixing member 102 and the claw or a connection position between the fixing member 102 and the conveying mechanism 101, and the rotating mechanism may be used to drive the bearing to rotate and displace along the height direction as an axial direction, so that the contact area between the bearing surface and the solution is increased during subsequent alkali washing, acid washing, water washing, and the like, and the treatment effect is improved.
And starting the conveying mechanism 101, when the fixed part 102 is driven to be positioned at the working station 1011, the bearing can be positioned at any one of the pretreatment station 6, the alkali cleaning station 2, the acid cleaning station 3, the plating assistant station 4 and the hot dipping station 5 for processing, and when the fixed part 102 is driven to be positioned at the lifting station 1012, the bearing is far away from any one of the pretreatment station 6, the alkali cleaning station 2, the acid cleaning station 3, the plating assistant station 4 and the hot dipping station 5 and is in a transfer state.
Because the conveying mechanism 101 usually moves at a constant speed, and the processing time of each station of the pretreatment station 6, the alkaline cleaning station 2, the acid cleaning station 3, the plating assistant station 4 and the hot dipping station 5 is different, the length corresponding to each station is set in a user-defined manner according to the processing time of each station in the pretreatment station 6, the alkaline cleaning station 2, the acid cleaning station 3, the plating assistant station 4 and the hot dipping station 5. Wherein the station processing time is used for representing the time required by the piece to be processed (bearing) to be processed at the station. For example: the displacement speed of the conveying mechanism 101 is 1m/min, the processing time of the alkaline cleaning station 2 is 8min, the processing time of the acid cleaning station 3 is 3min, the processing time of the plating assistant station 4 is 15min, and the processing time of the hot dipping station 5 is 5min, so that the station length of the alkaline cleaning station 2 is set to be 8m, the station length of the acid cleaning station 3 is set to be 3m, the station length of the plating assistant station 4 is set to be 15m, and the station length of the hot dipping station 5 is set to be 5m along the working area direction. As can be seen, the station lengths of the alkaline cleaning station 2, the acid cleaning station 3, the plating assisting station 4 and the hot dipping station 5 along the working area direction are in direct proportion to the station processing time.
And spray heads 601 are arranged on two sides of the pretreatment station 6 along the direction of the working area, and the spray heads 601 are used for performing pretreatment shot blasting on the bearing. The pretreatment shot blasting treatment refers to sand blasting or steel shot blasting treatment through a spray head so as to clean oil stains and rust on the surface of the bearing, ensure the surface of the bearing to be clean, increase the roughness of the surface of the bearing and improve the bonding strength.
An alkali washing tank 201 and a first cleaning tank 202 are arranged on the alkali washing station 2, the alkali washing tank 201 is located between the pretreatment station 6 and the first cleaning tank 202, and the alkali washing tank 201 is used for carrying out oil removal treatment on the bearing. Specifically, the alkali washing tank 201 is filled with a 15% NaOH oil removing solution, and the first washing tank 202 is filled with any one of clear water, purified water and distilled water. And heating the degreasing solution to 70 ℃, driving the bearing to be immersed in the NaOH degreasing solution and keeping for 8min for degreasing, and then driving the bearing to be immersed in the first cleaning tank 202 in a displacement mode to clean the residual NaOH degreasing solution on the surface of the bearing by using clean water.
Be provided with pickling bath 301 and second on the pickling station 3 and wash pond 302, pickling bath 301 is located first washing pond 202 with between the second washing pond 302, pickling bath 301 is used for right the bearing carries out the rust cleaning. Specifically, the pickling tank 301 is filled with an HCl rust removal solution with a mass concentration of 15%, and the second cleaning tank 302 is filled with any one of clear water, purified water and distilled water. And (3) under the normal temperature state, driving the bearing to be immersed in the HCl rust removing solution and keeping for 3min for rust removing treatment, and then driving the bearing to be immersed in the second cleaning pool 302 in a displacement mode to be cleaned by clear water to remove the residual HCl rust removing solution on the surface of the bearing.
The plating assisting station 4 is provided with a plating assisting tank 401 and a drying box 402, the plating assisting tank 401 is located between the second cleaning tank 302 and the drying box 402, the plating assisting tank 401 is used for performing plating assisting treatment on the bearing, and the drying box 402 is used for performing drying treatment on the bearing. Specifically, the plating assistant tank 401 contains KF.2H2O、KCl、NiCl2And H2And O as plating assistant agent. Wherein, KF.2H2O、KCl and NiCl2The mass ratio of (2) to (1) is preferably 3.2:2:1, and the plating assistant agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 1L of the solution: 61.9gKF & 2H2O、38.7gKCl、19.4gNiCl2The balance being H2O, the concentration of the prepared plating assistant agent is 120 g/L.
And heating the plating assistant agent to 70 ℃, heating the drying box 402 to 150 ℃, driving the bearing to be immersed in the plating assistant agent and keeping for 5min for plating assistant treatment, and then driving the bearing to move into the drying box 402 and keeping for 10min for drying treatment.
Referring to fig. 2, in order to ensure that the temperature of the drying box 402 is constant and the heat is not lost, it is preferable that the drying box 402 is in a hollow rectangular parallelepiped or square shape, two sides of the drying box 402 close to the plating assistant tank 401 and the hot dip plating station 5 are opened, a first opening and closing door 4021 and a second opening and closing door 4022 are arranged at the two side openings in a displacement manner, and the conveying mechanism 101 is provided with a first position sensor 7 and a second position sensor 8. When the bearing is driven to pass through the first position sensor 7, the first opening and closing door 4021 is opened to allow the bearing to enter the drying box 402; when the bearing is carried past the second position sensor 8, the second shutter 4022 is opened to take out the bearing from the drying box 402. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the fixed component 102 drives the bearing to normally displace, a sliding groove is formed in one side of the drying box 402, which is far away from the working area, along the length direction of the working area, and when the bearing is located in the drying box 402 and is displaced by the first opening/closing door 4021 close to the second opening/closing door 4022, the connecting end of the fixed component 102 is located in the sliding groove to perform displacement movement. By arranging the first opening and closing door 4021, the second opening and closing door 4022 and the sliding groove, the area of the external opening of the drying box 402 is reduced, the heat loss rate in the drying box 402 is reduced, and the sliding groove is used for ensuring the normal displacement and movement of the fixing part 102.
A hot dipping tank 501 is arranged on the hot dipping station 5, the hot dipping tank 501 is arranged on one side of the drying box 402, which is far away from the plating assistant tank 401, and the hot dipping tank 501 is used for performing hot dipping treatment on the bearing. Specifically, the hot dip coating bath 501 contains molten alloy liquid. And heating the molten alloy liquid to 730 ℃, driving the bearing to be immersed into the molten alloy liquid, and keeping for 5min for hot dip coating treatment. The preparation method of the molten alloy liquid comprises the following steps: placing a pure aluminum ingot in a medium-frequency induction melting furnace, heating to 730 ℃ for melting, then adding Al-Cu alloy until the Al-Cu alloy is melted, adding 20% of low-melting-point metal pure Sn, after all the substances are fully melted and uniformly stirred by a graphite rod, adding a refining agent accounting for 0.3% of the weight of the melted metal for refining and degassing to obtain molten alloy liquid.
After the hot dipping treatment is finished, the subsequent casting treatment work is required manually, the interval time between the casting treatment and the hot dipping treatment is not longer, and the casting treatment is required before the molten alloy liquid on the surface of the bearing is not completely solidified. Preferably, the conveying mechanism 101 is provided with a third position sensor 9 and an alarm 10, and when the hot dipping treatment is completed and the bearing is driven to pass through the third position sensor 9, the alarm 10 is started to send out a warning prompt.
Preferably, temperature sensors 11 are arranged on the alkaline cleaning station 2, the acid cleaning station 3, the plating assisting station 4 and the hot dipping station 5, and are used for detecting the temperature of the stations and ensuring that the temperature of each station is a preset value or the temperature of each station does not fluctuate more than 5 ℃.
Based on the production line, the embodiment further provides a production method of the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing, and the production method comprises the following steps:
step 1, clamping a steel back through the fixing part 102;
step 6, after the hot dipping treatment is finished, the alarm 10 sends out warning prompt, the steel back subjected to the hot dipping treatment is placed into a mold, and the mold is cast;
and 7, taking the cast blank out of the die for heat preservation treatment, and air-cooling to obtain the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing.
Example one
In the embodiment, the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing is prepared by a production method of the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing, and the specific method is as follows:
step 1, designing a size to process a steel backing and a matched casting mold;
wherein, the size of the steel backing needs to be reserved with machining allowance of 1mm-2 mm.
wherein, deoiling treatment includes: heating a 15% NaOH solution to 70 ℃ by adopting a water bath kettle, then soaking the steel back into the NaOH solution, keeping for 8min, taking out, and cleaning with clear water to remove residual NaOH on the surface of the steel back;
the rust removal treatment comprises: and (3) at normal temperature, immersing the steel back into a 15% HCl solution, keeping for 3min, taking out, and cleaning with clear water to remove residual HCl on the surface of the steel back.
3, immersing the steel back subjected to the oil removal treatment and the rust removal treatment in the step 2 into a plating assistant agent, performing plating assistant treatment for 5min at 70 ℃, then taking out the steel back, drying the steel back for 10min at 150 ℃, and covering a salt film anti-oxidation layer on the surface of the workpiece subjected to the drying treatment;
the plating assistant agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 1L of solution: 61.9gKF & 2H2O、38.7gKCl、19.4gNiCl2The balance being H2O, the concentration of the prepared plating assistant agent is 120 g/L.
placing a pure aluminum ingot in a medium-frequency induction melting furnace, heating to 730 ℃ for melting, then adding Al-Cu alloy until the Al-Cu alloy is melted, adding 20% of low-melting-point metal pure Sn, after all the substances are fully melted and uniformly stirred by a graphite rod, adding a refining agent accounting for 0.3% of the weight of the melted metal for refining and degassing to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and uniformly scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt.
And step 5, preheating the die in a furnace at 400 ℃ in advance.
And 6, removing the covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt in the step 4 by using a smelting spoon to expose the bright aluminum alloy melt, immersing the steel back of which the surface is covered with a salt film anti-oxidation layer in the step 3 into the aluminum alloy melt, uniformly scattering the covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, and carrying out hot dip plating treatment at 730 ℃ for 5 min.
And 7, after the hot dipping treatment is finished, removing the covering agent on the surface to expose the bright aluminum alloy melt, taking out the steel back from the aluminum alloy melt within 30s (at the moment, the surface of the steel back is covered with a layer of aluminum alloy layer which is not completely solidified), fixing the steel back in a mold, and pouring the aluminum alloy melt into the mold for casting treatment, wherein the casting temperature is 750 ℃.
And 8, placing the blank cast in the step 7 in an oven at 300 ℃ for 1h, and then air-cooling to obtain the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing.
The bonding strength of the double metal layer of the bearing of this example was tested to 44MPa according to ISO 4386-2-2012.
Example two
In the embodiment, the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing is prepared by a hot dip coating process, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, designing a size to process a steel backing and a matched casting mold;
wherein, the size of the steel backing needs to be reserved with machining allowance of 1mm-2 mm.
wherein, deoiling treatment includes: heating a 15% NaOH solution to 70 ℃ by adopting a water bath kettle, then soaking the steel back into the NaOH solution, keeping for 8min, taking out, and cleaning with clear water to remove residual NaOH on the surface of the steel back;
the rust removal treatment comprises: and (3) at normal temperature, immersing the steel back into a 15% HCl solution, keeping for 3min, taking out, and cleaning with clear water to remove residual HCl on the surface of the steel back.
3, immersing the steel back subjected to the oil removal treatment and the rust removal treatment in the step 2 into a plating assistant agent, performing plating assistant treatment for 5min at 70 ℃, then taking out the steel back, drying the steel back for 10min at 150 ℃, and covering a salt film anti-oxidation layer on the surface of the workpiece subjected to the drying treatment;
the plating assistant agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 1L of solution: 25.8gKF & 2H2O、8.1gKCl、16.1gNiCl2The balance being H2O, the concentration of the prepared plating assistant agent is 50 g/L.
placing a pure aluminum ingot in a medium-frequency induction melting furnace, heating to 730 ℃ for melting, then adding Al-Cu alloy until the Al-Cu alloy is melted, adding 20% of low-melting-point metal pure Sn, after all the substances are fully melted and uniformly stirred by a graphite rod, adding a refining agent accounting for 0.3% of the weight of the melted metal for refining and degassing to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and uniformly scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt.
And step 5, preheating the die in a furnace at 400 ℃ in advance.
And 6, removing the covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt in the step 4 by using a smelting spoon to expose the bright aluminum alloy melt, immersing the steel back of which the surface is covered with a salt film anti-oxidation layer in the step 3 into the aluminum alloy melt, uniformly scattering the covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, and carrying out hot dip plating treatment at 730 ℃ for 5 min.
And 7, after the hot dipping treatment is finished, removing the covering agent on the surface to expose the bright aluminum alloy melt, taking out the steel back from the aluminum alloy melt within 30s (at the moment, the surface of the steel back is covered with a layer of aluminum alloy layer which is not completely solidified), fixing the steel back in a mold, and pouring the aluminum alloy melt into the mold for casting treatment, wherein the casting temperature is 750 ℃.
And 8, placing the blank cast in the step 7 in an oven at 300 ℃ for 1h, and then air-cooling to obtain the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing.
The bonding strength of the double metal layer of the bearing of this example was tested to 32MPa according to ISO 4386-2-2012.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing production line is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a conveying device, a working area and a plurality of working stations, wherein the working area is arranged corresponding to the conveying device, and the working stations are sequentially arranged on the working area along the conveying direction of the conveying device;
the conveying device comprises a conveying mechanism and a fixing part which is arranged on the conveying mechanism and used for clamping the bearing, the conveying mechanism is arranged in parallel corresponding to the working area, a plurality of working stations and lifting stations are arranged on the conveying mechanism, and the working stations are respectively arranged corresponding to the working stations;
the station length of each work station along the conveying direction of the conveying device is in direct proportion to the station processing time.
2. A thick-walled aluminum-based bimetallic bearing production line as in claim 1, wherein the work stations comprise an alkaline cleaning station, an acid cleaning station, a plating assistant station and/or a hot dipping station;
an alkaline washing tank and a first cleaning tank are arranged on the alkaline washing station, and the alkaline washing tank is used for carrying out oil removal treatment on the bearing;
a pickling tank and a second cleaning tank are arranged on the pickling station, the pickling tank is used for carrying out rust removal treatment on the bearing, and the pickling tank is arranged between the first cleaning tank and the second cleaning tank;
a plating assisting pool and a drying box are arranged on the plating assisting station, and a hot dipping pool is arranged on the hot dipping station; the plating assisting tank is arranged between the second cleaning tank and the drying box and is used for performing plating assisting treatment on the bearing; the hot dip coating tank is arranged on one side of the drying box, which is far away from the plating assisting tank, and is used for carrying out hot dip coating treatment on the bearing.
3. A thick-walled aluminium-based bimetallic bearing production line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elevation station is at a greater height differential than the working station.
4. A thick-wall aluminum-based bimetal bearing production line as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pretreatment station is arranged on one side of the alkaline cleaning station, which is far away from the acid cleaning station, and a spray head is arranged on the pretreatment station and used for carrying out pretreatment shot blasting on the bearing.
5. The production line of the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing as in claim 1, wherein a first opening and closing door is arranged on one side of the drying box close to the plating assisting tank, a second opening and closing door is arranged on one side of the drying box close to the hot dipping tank, and a first position sensor and a second position sensor are arranged on the conveying mechanism;
when the bearing is driven to pass through the first position sensor, the first opening and closing door is opened to enable the bearing to enter the drying box;
when the bearing is driven to pass through the second position sensor, the second opening and closing door is opened so that the bearing is taken out of the drying box.
6. The production line of the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing as in claim 1, wherein the alkaline cleaning station, the acid cleaning station, the plating assisting station and the hot dipping station are all provided with temperature sensors for detecting the temperature of the stations.
7. The production line of the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing of claim 1, wherein a third position sensor and an alarm are arranged on the conveying mechanism;
and when the hot dipping treatment is finished and the bearing is driven to pass through the third position sensor, the alarm is started to send out warning prompt.
8. A production method of a thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, clamping a steel back through the fixing part;
step 2, starting a conveying mechanism, driving the steel back to be positioned at a pretreatment station, and carrying out pretreatment shot blasting treatment on the steel back by using a spray head;
step 3, after the pretreatment shot blasting treatment is finished, driving the steel back to be positioned at an alkaline washing station, driving the steel back to sequentially enter an alkaline washing tank and a first cleaning tank by utilizing a lifting mechanism for oil removal treatment, and fully contacting the steel back with solutions in the alkaline washing tank and the first cleaning tank by utilizing a rotating mechanism during the oil removal treatment;
step 3, after the oil removal treatment is finished, driving the steel back to be positioned at the pickling station, driving the steel back to sequentially enter a pickling tank and a second cleaning tank by using a lifting mechanism for rust removal treatment, and enabling the steel back to be in full contact with solutions in the pickling tank and the second cleaning tank by using a rotating mechanism during rust removal treatment;
step 4, after the rust removal treatment is finished, driving the steel back to be positioned at a plating assisting station, and driving the steel back to sequentially enter a plating assisting pool and a drying box by utilizing a lifting mechanism to perform plating assisting treatment and drying treatment;
step 5, after the plating assisting treatment and the drying treatment are finished, driving the steel back to be positioned at a hot dipping station, and driving the steel back to enter a hot dipping pool for hot dipping treatment by utilizing a lifting mechanism;
step 6, after the hot dipping treatment is finished, the alarm gives out warning prompt, the steel back subjected to the hot dipping treatment is placed into a mold, and the mold is cast;
and 7, taking the cast blank out of the die for heat preservation treatment, and air-cooling to obtain the thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing.
9. A thick-walled aluminum-based bimetallic bearing as in claim 8, wherein in step 4:
the plating assistant pool contains a plating assistant agent, and the plating assistant agent comprises the following components: KF.2H2O、KCl、NiCl2And H2O。
10. A thick-walled aluminum-based bimetallic bearing as in claim 9, characterized in that KF.2H2O, KCl and NiCl2Is between 1:1:1 and 3.2:2: 1.
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