CN113564496A - 一种长寿命铁路轴承钢及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种长寿命铁路轴承钢及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113564496A
CN113564496A CN202110829802.3A CN202110829802A CN113564496A CN 113564496 A CN113564496 A CN 113564496A CN 202110829802 A CN202110829802 A CN 202110829802A CN 113564496 A CN113564496 A CN 113564496A
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尹鸿祥
吴毅
张关震
张澎湃
张恒
李翔
张弘
丛韬
吴斯
冯亦得
王玮
李文博
赵飒
徐璐
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Tieke Jinhua Testing Center Co ltd
China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS
Railway Engineering Research Institute of CARS
Beijing Teletron Telecom Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种长寿命铁路轴承钢,其中所述钢的化学成分及相应的重量百分比如下:C:0.17~0.23%,Si:0.15~0.40%,Mn:3.0~3.8%,Cr:0.35~0.65%,Ni:0.6~0.9%,Mo:0.20~0.30%,Cu≤0.30%,V:0.05~0.20%P≤0.020%,S≤0.020%,其余为Fe和杂质。此外,本发明还提供了一种长寿命铁路轴承钢的制备方法,所述方法主要包括:锻造、渗碳处理、一次淬火回火等温淬火。本发明通过对残余奥氏体和晶粒组织的合理调控,使本发明的钢表层组织为贝氏体+针状马氏体+纳米奥氏体+针状碳化物。本发明提供的钢具有良好的强韧性配合和优良的接触疲劳性能。

Description

一种长寿命铁路轴承钢及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于轴承制造技术领域,具体涉及一种长寿命铁路轴承钢及其制备方法。
背景技术
为满足节支降耗降低成本的工作要求,铁路货车轴承开启了修程修制改革,要求大幅度延长轴承的检修周期,这势必对轴承质量控制提出了更高要求。重载铁路轴承承受重载和冲击载荷,使用环境苛刻。轴承表面疲劳剥落是高铁轴箱轴承主要的失效模式,这与轴承钢的内在质量有很大关系,决定轴承钢内在质量主要集中在钢铁冶炼水平和热处理工艺。钢的冶炼水平决定了轴承钢成分和夹杂物控制精度,而热处理工艺是钢组织调控的关键手段。
马氏体广泛用于高强度和高硬度的工业领域,然而马氏体具有较差的塑性和抗断裂韧性。回火是提升韧性的一种常用手段,但是应力松弛和碳化物析出会降低马氏体的强度。本发明提供的轴承钢旨在淬火态马氏体中引入稳定的奥氏体。残余奥氏体对轴承钢疲劳性能有着显著影响,国内轴承行业比较看重残余奥氏体对尺寸影响的负面作用,因此要求尽量降低残余奥氏体含量。然而,本申请的发明人发现,一定量的残余奥氏体可以显著提高残余奥氏体的使用寿命。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种长寿命铁路轴承钢。
本发明的又一目的是提供上述长寿命铁路轴承钢的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的是提供由上述制备方法制备得到的轴承钢。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现上述目的:
一方面,本发明提供一种长寿命铁路轴承钢,其特征在于,所述钢的化学成分及相应的重量百分比如下:
C:0.17~0.23%,Si:0.15~0.40%,Mn:3.0~3.8%,Cr:0.35~0.65%,Ni:0.6~0.9%,Mo:0.20~0.30%,Cu≤0.30%,V:0.05~0.20%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.020%,其余为Fe和杂质;
优选地,在所述钢中,Mn的重量百分比为3.5~3.8%,更优选地为3.60%或3.62%;
优选地,在所述钢中,Ni的重量百分比为0.8~0.9%,更优选地为0.81%或0.82%;
优选地,在所述钢中,V的重量百分比为0.09~0.20%,更优选地为0.09%或0.19%;
优选地,所述钢的化学成分及相应的重量百分比如下:
C:0.20~0.22%,Si:0.20~0.40%,Mn:3.5~3.8%,Cr:0.35~0.55%,Ni:0.8~0.9%,Mo:0.20~0.25%,Cu≤0.25%,V:0.09~0.20%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.020%,其余为Fe和杂质。
在本发明提供的轴承钢中,通过将Mn的含量控制为3.0~3.8%,同时配合本发明的提供的制备工艺,从而使轴承钢获得了适量残余奥氏体,优选使轴承钢获得的残余奥氏体含量≤30%。
在本发明提供的轴承钢中,将Ni的含量控制为0.6~0.9%,在Mn含量增加的前提下,降低传统G20CrNi2MoA渗碳轴承钢中Ni的含量,成本降低。
在本发明提供的轴承钢中,将V的含量控制为0.05~0.20%,并结合V元素发挥凝固细化,形变再结晶细化和热处理细化多重细化技术,获得超细晶组织。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明提供的钢的化学成分及相应重量百分比如下:C:0.21%,Si:0.34%,Mn:3.6%,Cr:0.41%,Ni:0.82%,Mo:0.21%,Cu:0.01%,V:0.09%,P:0.005%,S:0.002%,其余为Fe和杂质。在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明提供的钢的化学成分及相应重量百分比如下:C:0.21%,Si:0.34%,Mn:3.62%,Cr:0.42%,Ni:0.81%,Mo:0.22%,Cu:0.01%,V:0.19%,P:0.005%,S:0.002%,其余为Fe和杂质。
另一方面,本发明提供一种长寿命铁路轴承钢的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)锻造:锻造采用的加热温度为1160~1180℃,始锻温度为1180℃,终锻温度为950℃;
(2)渗碳处理:渗碳处理采用的温度为920±10℃,保温时间为24~26h;
(3)一次淬火+回火:淬火温度为870±10℃,保温时间为3~4h;回火温度为600~660℃,保温时间为5~6h;
(4)等温淬火:加热温度为800~810℃,保温时间为15~20min,盐浴温度为320~340℃,等温时间为30~40min。
步骤(3)的工艺主要为了细化组织,并获得富Mn的碳化物(Fe,Mn)3C,在此工艺下,在步骤(4)中,富Mn区形成的奥氏体较稳定,易在等温过程中形成残余奥氏体。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明提供的轴承钢采用包含以下步骤的方法制备:
(1)锻造:锻造采用的加热温度为1160℃,始锻温度为1180℃,终锻温度为950℃;
(2)渗碳处理:渗碳处理采用的温度为930℃,保温时间25h;
(3)一次淬火+回火:淬火温度为870℃,保温时间为3h;回火温度为630℃,保温时间为5h;
(4)等温淬火:加热温度为800℃,保温时间为15min,盐浴温度为320~340℃,等温时间为35min。
再一方面,本发明还提供通过本发明的方法制备得到的长寿命铁路轴承钢,其中,所述钢的化学成分及相应的重量百分比如下:
C:0.17~0.23%,Si:0.15~0.40%,Mn:3.0~3.8%,Cr:0.35~0.65%,Ni:0.6~0.9%,Mo:0.20~0.30%,Cu≤0.30%,V:0.05~0.20%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.020%,其余为Fe和杂质;
优选地,所述钢的化学成分及相应的重量百分比如下:
C:0.20~0.22%,Si:0.20~0.40%,Mn:3.5~3.8%,Cr:0.35~0.55%,Ni:0.8~0.9%,Mo:0.20~0.25%,Cu≤0.25%,V:0.09~0.20%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.020%,其余为Fe和杂质;
进一步优选地,所述钢的化学成分及相应的重量百分比如下:C:0.21%,Si:0.34%,Mn:3.6%,Cr:0.41%,Ni:0.82%,Mo:0.21%,Cu:0.01%,V:0.09%,P:0.005%,S:0.002%,其余为Fe和杂质;
再进一步优选地,所述钢的化学成分及相应的重量百分比如下:C:0.21%,Si:0.34%,Mn:3.62%,Cr:0.42%,Ni:0.81%,Mo:0.22%,Cu:0.01%,V:0.19%,P:0.005%,S:0.002%,其余为Fe和杂质。
采用本发明提供的化学组成及相应的制备方法制备得到轴承钢具有显著不同于现有技术的表层组织,具体地,本发明提供的轴承钢的表层组织为贝氏体+针状马氏体+纳米奥氏体+针状碳化物。更进一步地,本发明提供的轴承钢的表层组织中残余奥氏体主要呈超细晶板条形态,其尺寸宽度≤100nm,超细晶板条残余奥氏体较稳定,有助于提高轴承钢接触疲劳性能。
本发明提供的轴承钢及其制备方法具有明显优势,具体地,本发明通过将Mn的含量控制为3.5~3.8%,同时配合本发明的提供的制备工艺,从而使轴承钢获得了适量残余奥氏体,由此显著改善了轴承钢的服役寿命。另外,在本发明提供的轴承钢中,将Ni的含量控制为0.6~0.9%,在Mn含量增加的前提下,降低传统G20CrNi2MoA渗碳轴承钢中Ni的含量,成本降低。再次,在本发明提供的轴承钢中,将V的含量控制为0.10~0.20%,并结合V元素发挥凝固细化,形变再结晶细化和热处理细化多重细化技术,获得超细晶基体组织。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述,给出的实施例仅为了阐明本发明,而不是为了限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
表1中示出了G20CrNi2MoA渗碳轴承钢和本发明提供的轴承的化学成分及相应的重量百分含量。其中编号为1#的钢为G20CrNi2MoA渗碳轴承钢,编号为2#~3#的钢为本发明提供的轴承钢。
表1:钢化学成分
编号 C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo Cu V
1# 0.21 0.34 0.45 0.005 0.002 0.40 1.80 0.22 0.01 0
2# 0.21 0.34 3.60 0.005 0.002 0.41 0.82 0.21 0.01 0.09
3# 0.21 0.34 3.62 0.005 0.002 0.42 0.81 0.22 0.01 0.19
注:其余为Fe和杂质。
G20CrNi2MoA渗碳轴承钢采用常规制备工艺。编号为2#~3#的钢采用包括以下步骤的方法制备:
(1)锻造:锻造采用的加热温度为1160℃,始锻温度为1180℃,终锻温度为950℃;
(2)渗碳处理:渗碳处理的温度为930℃,保温时间为25h;
(3)一次淬火+回火:淬火温度为870℃,保温时间为3h;回火温度为630℃,保温时间为5h;
(4)等温淬火:加热温度800℃,保温时间15min,盐浴温度320~340℃,等温时间35min。
对制备获得的轴承钢采用JB/T10510-2005《滚动轴承材料接触疲劳试验方法》进行疲劳试验,试验结果如表2所示。
表2:接触疲劳寿命
Figure BDA0003175086990000051
Figure BDA0003175086990000061
通过对比可以看出,本发明通过对合金元素和热处理工艺的调整,使得本发明提供的钢相对传统的G20CrNi2MoA渗碳轴承钢的寿命提高了2.8~3.2倍以上。

Claims (8)

1.一种长寿命铁路轴承钢,其特征在于,所述钢的化学成分及相应的重量百分比为:
C:0.17~0.23%,Si:0.15~0.40%,Mn:3.0~3.8%,Cr:0.35~0.65%,Ni:0.6~0.9%,Mo:0.20~0.30%,Cu≤0.30%,V:0.05~0.20%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.020%,其余为Fe和杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钢,其特征在于,所述钢的化学成分及相应的重量百分比如下:
C:0.20~0.22%,Si:0.20~0.40%,Mn:3.5~3.8%,Cr:0.35~0.55%,Ni:0.8~0.9%,Mo:0.20~0.25%,Cu≤0.25%,V:0.09~0.20%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.020%,其余为Fe和杂质。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的钢,所述钢的化学成分及相应的重量百分比如下:
C:0.21%,Si:0.34%,Mn:3.6%,Cr:0.41%,Ni:0.82%,Mo:0.21%,Cu:0.01%,V:0.09%,P:0.005%,S:0.002%,其余为Fe和杂质。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的钢,所述钢的化学成分及相应的重量百分比如下:
C:0.21%,Si:0.34%,Mn:3.62%,Cr:0.42%,Ni:0.81%,Mo:0.22%,Cu:0.01%,V:0.19%,P:0.005%,S:0.002%,其余为Fe和杂质。
5.一种权利要求1-4中任一项所述的钢的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)锻造:锻造采用的加热温度为1160~1180℃,始锻温度为1180℃,终锻温度为950℃;
(2)渗碳处理:渗碳处理采用的温度为920±10℃,保温时间为24~26h;
(3)一次淬火+回火:淬火温度为870±10℃,保温时间为3~4h;回火温度为600~660℃,保温时间为5~6h;
(4)等温淬火:加热温度为800~810℃,保温时间为15~20min,盐浴温度为320~340℃,等温时间为30~40min。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)锻造:锻造采用的加热温度为1160℃,始锻温度为1180℃,终锻温度为950℃;
(2)渗碳处理:渗碳处理采用的温度为930℃,保温时间25h;
(3)一次淬火+回火:淬火温度为870℃,保温时间为3h;回火温度为630℃,保温时间为5h;
(4)等温淬火:加热温度为800℃,保温时间为15min,盐浴温度为320~340℃,等温时间为35min。
7.一种权利要求1-4中任一项所述的钢或权利要求5或6制备得到的钢,其特征在于,所述钢的表层组织为贝氏体+针状马氏体+纳米奥氏体+针状碳化物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的钢,其特征在于,残余奥氏体主要呈板条形态,其尺寸宽度≤100nm。
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