CN113563910B - 一种高温碳化杀菌系统 - Google Patents

一种高温碳化杀菌系统 Download PDF

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CN113563910B
CN113563910B CN202110934811.9A CN202110934811A CN113563910B CN 113563910 B CN113563910 B CN 113563910B CN 202110934811 A CN202110934811 A CN 202110934811A CN 113563910 B CN113563910 B CN 113563910B
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CN113563910A (zh
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李晓华
王凡宁
李姣阳
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Affiliated Hospital of University of Qingdao
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Abstract

一种高温碳化杀菌系统,属于医疗器械技术领域。利用高温热解技术,设计一种能够就地处理沾有病毒的医疗废弃物的杀菌系统,当医疗废弃物被投放入桶体后,通过电磁加热器将燃烧桶体内的温度快速升温到400℃,在此过程橡胶和塑料材质的废弃物少部分进行有氧燃烧产生二氧化碳和炭渣,大部分进行高温裂解产生一氧化碳和焦油,此时系统的燃气净化组件关闭,气体混合物通过电捕焦油和碱性净化液的除焦净化后进入煤气罐储存,炭渣和焦油沉淀在燃烧器托板上作为炉基为后续投入的废弃物提供热量。

Description

一种高温碳化杀菌系统
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域,具体地说是一种高温碳化杀菌系统。
背景技术
随着新冠病毒的大流行,各大医院的应急门诊都提高了相应的防护措施,感染科的医生更是要求在工作期间全程佩戴口罩、手套和防护服等防护用品,这样医院的医疗废弃箱内每天都要不断的转运大量废弃的医疗防护用品,这些防护用品大多为塑料橡胶制品,无法进行就地燃烧或者深埋处理,只能单独打包后运至专门地点进行焚烧处理,在运输的过程中,沾附在防护用品上的病毒很有可能在某一个环节溢出或者泄露,进而再次引发大面积流行病的感染和传播。
发明内容
本发明的技术任务是解决现有技术的不足,提供一种高温碳化杀菌系统。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:利用高温热解技术,设计一种能够就地处理沾有病毒的医疗废弃物的杀菌系统,当医疗废弃物被投放入桶体后,通过电磁加热器将燃烧桶体内的温度快速升温到400℃,在此过程橡胶和塑料材质的废弃物少部分进行有氧燃烧产生二氧化碳和炭渣,大部分进行高温裂解产生一氧化碳和焦油,此时系统的燃气净化组件关闭,气体混合物通过电捕焦油和碱性净化液的除焦净化后进入煤气罐储存,炭渣和焦油沉淀在燃烧器托板上作为炉基为后续投入的废弃物提供热量。
当杀菌系统进行一段时间的热解作业后,煤气罐检测到内部气压达到设定气压值后,煤气罐和氧气罐的出气阀门同时开启,煤气罐内的可燃气通过燃烧器喷出并在旋风发生器处和高压氧气混合形成火焰涡流,在桶体内进行充分燃烧,燃烧后产生的二氧化碳等高温气体再次通过排气管经过除焦、冷却除硫除尘后进入净化组件中进行最后的净化后排出到外部环境中。
一种高温碳化杀菌系统,包括燃烧器,燃烧器为圆筒结构,圆筒筒壁上有空气进口和燃气进口,燃烧器内安装旋风发生器,旋风发生器的腔体与燃烧器的腔体连通,旋风发生器的底部安装喷嘴,喷嘴的中轴线倾斜,旋风发生器内部安装燃气喷管,燃气喷管与燃气进口连通,旋风发生器外部安装点火电极,燃烧器的底部安装翻转托板,翻转托板的燃烧面上加工导热孔,翻转托板的背面安装电磁加热器,电磁加热器上的导热柱穿过导热孔,翻转托板的转轴与减速箱的输出轴连接,减速箱上安装电机,燃烧器安装在桶体内,桶体内安装石棉层,桶体的底部安装炭箱,桶体的顶部安装密封盖,密封盖上安装气体检测组件。
桶体一侧安装净化箱,净化箱内安装文丘里发生器,文丘里发生器的燃气进口与冷却管连通,文丘里发生器的燃气出口浸没在净化箱盛装的洗涤剂液面以下,文丘里发生器的喉管部位安装洗涤剂喷嘴,洗涤剂喷嘴连通高压泵出水口,高压泵入水口通过导管浸入洗涤剂内密封盖。
净化箱的出气口通过排气管与燃气净化组件连通,燃气净化组件内部安装扰流筒,扰流筒上安装净化组件和扰流翅,净化组件为圆筒形双层结构,圆筒内层为固定支架,固定支架的表面安装净化层,扰流翅为圆环形,相邻的两片扰流翅中间安装净化组件。
冷却管上安装电捕焦油器,电捕焦油器内安装除焦电极,除焦电极为棒状结构,电极通过导线与变压器连接,电捕焦油器开设进气口、出气口和出油口,进气口与桶体的排气口通过管道连通,出气口上安装冷却管,出油口通过管路与焦油储罐连通。
净化箱上安装煤气罐和氧气罐,煤气罐通过管路与燃气喷管连通,氧气罐通过管路与燃烧器连通。
本发明的一种高温碳化杀菌系统与现有技术相比所产生的有益效果是:
(1)设计的高温热解系统取代传统的燃烧杀菌方式,在热解的过程中产生的可燃气经过净化后储存在煤气罐中,这样整个热解过程不对外排放废气,这个热解系统可以在室内作业,实现了就地废弃,就地热解杀菌的效果,避免了医疗废弃物在转运的过程中对周边环境和工作人员造成交叉感染,保证了人员安全。
(2)本发明设计的净化系统实现了对燃气的除焦、除尘、除硫等多级净化,系统最终排出的废气是对环境友好的二氧化碳和水蒸气,这样即便是在室内进行排气也不会室内环境造成巨大的污染与损坏。
附图说明
附图1是本发明结构主视剖面图;
附图2是本发明结构俯视图;
附图3是本发明结构燃烧器局部放大图;
附图4是本发明结构电捕焦油器剖面图;
附图5是本发明结构翻转托板三维图;
附图6是本发明结构净化组件放大图;
图中,1、桶体,2、石棉层, 3、燃烧器,301、空气进口,302、燃气进口,4、翻转托板,401、燃烧面,402、导热孔,5、电磁加热器,501、导热柱, 6、电机,601、减速箱,7、炭箱,8、密封盖,9、燃气净化组件, 10、扰流筒,11、净化组件,111、固定支架,112、净化层,12、扰流翅,13、燃气喷管,14、旋风发生器,141、喷嘴,15、点火电极、16、电捕焦油器,161、进气口,162、出气口,163、出油口,17、冷却管,18、排气管,19、焦油储罐,20、文丘里发生器,201、洗涤剂喷嘴,21、净化箱,22、洗涤剂,23、除焦电极,24、煤气罐,25、氧气罐,26、高压泵,27、气体检测组件。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,对本发明实施例的作以下详细说明。
一种高温碳化杀菌系统,包括燃烧器3,燃烧器3为圆筒结构,圆筒筒壁上有空气进口301和燃气进口302,燃烧器3内安装旋风发生器14,旋风发生器14的腔体与燃烧器3的腔体连通,旋风发生器14的底部安装喷嘴141,喷嘴141的中轴线倾斜,旋风发生器14内部安装燃气喷管13,燃气喷管13与燃气进口302连通,旋风发生器14外部安装点火电极15,燃烧器3的底部安装翻转托板4,翻转托板4的燃烧面401上加工导热孔402,翻转托板4的背面安装电磁加热器5,电磁加热器5上的导热柱501穿过导热孔402,翻转托板4的转轴与减速箱601的输出轴连接,减速箱601上安装电机6,燃烧器3安装在桶体1内,桶体1内安装石棉层2,桶体1的底部安装炭箱7,桶体1的顶部安装密封盖8,密封盖8上安装气体检测组件27。
桶体1一侧安装净化箱21,净化箱21内安装文丘里发生器20,文丘里发生器20的燃气进口与冷却管17连通,文丘里发生器20的燃气出口浸没在净化箱21盛装的洗涤剂22液面以下,文丘里发生器20的喉管部位安装洗涤剂喷嘴201,洗涤剂喷嘴201连通高压泵26出水口,高压泵26入水口通过导管浸入洗涤剂22内密封盖。
作为本发明的第一实施例,洗涤剂22通过水泵完成水路循环。
作为本发明的第一实施例,洗涤剂22为碱性溶液,是利用热解尾气中氮氧化合物溶于水的特性,将需要处理的尾气通过液体洗涤剂,对其中的氮氧化合物进行吸收。
进一步,同时该方法利用 NAOH、CA(OH)2、NH4OH等碱性溶液与尾气中的氮氧化合物发生化学反应,达到对尾气中的氮氧化合物吸收净化的效果。
净化箱21的出气口通过排气管18与燃气净化组件9连通,燃气净化组件9内部安装扰流筒10,扰流筒10上安装净化组件11和扰流翅12,净化组件11为圆筒形双层结构,圆筒内层为固定支架111,固定支架111的表面安装净化层112,扰流翅12为圆环形,相邻的两片扰流翅12中间安装净化组件11。
作为本发明的第一实施例,尾气在燃气净化组件9内流动总体方向为从下往上,其流动动力主要来自两方面: 烟气的热压和送风机压力。
进一步,锅炉尾气进入该装置后,经过以下几项净化处理:
1) 锅炉尾气在该装置内流动过程中通过和挡板的碰撞,由于尾气中固体颗粒物的自身物理特性,会起到烟气除尘的效果;
2) 在该装置的挡板上固定了具有吸附效果的材质,所以在烟气流动过程中,烟气中的固体颗粒物、硫化物、氮氧化合物会被该材质吸附,从而达到除尘、脱硫和脱硝的效果。
3) 由于燃气净化组件9的外表面结构和外界直接接触,所以其表面温度较低。在烟气流过该装置过程中,烟气会和低温的外表面发生换热,从而达到给烟气降温的效果。
4) 由于烟气降温过程中水分会析出,析出的水分在下落过程中会对烟气中的固体颗粒物、硫化物、氮氧化合物等污染物有吸收作用,从而进一步达到烟气净化的效果。
作为本发明的第一实施例,扰流翅在该装置中主要有以下几方面的作用:
1)烟气在流动过程中与扰流翅发生碰撞,从而对尾气中的固体颗粒物起到净化作用;
2)扰流筒上的吸附材质对锅炉尾气中的硫化物、氮氧化合物和固体颗粒物具有吸附作用,在尾气流过扰流翅过程中起到对尾气的净化作用;
3)由于不管是烟气尾气的降温都需要一定时间。扰流翅在这过程中起到了扰流和倒流的作用,增加尾气在该装置中流动的时间,使其充分的降温;
作为本发明的第一实施例,扰流翅采用与外围结构相同的材质—铝板。为了提高对锅炉尾气的净化效果,设计过程中需要尽可能的加大扰流翅与尾气接触的总面积。对于增加接触面通常有两种方法:
1)增加单个扰流翅与扰流翅的接触面积;
2) 增加该装置中扰流翅的数量。
本发明采用利用“V”字形曲面来增加单个扰流翅的接触面积。“V”字形设计扰流翅可以通过一定数量的长条形“一”字板进行简单的拼装而成,这为扰流翅的安装和日常的维修拆卸提供了方便性。
作为本发明的第一实施例,扰流翅与外围结构相接处的面,通过螺栓固定。防止扰流翅跨度过大,出现像中间弯曲的情况, 在扰流翅底部通过1根钢条进行辅助支撑。
作为本发明的第一实施例,本设计采用玻璃纤维耐高温过滤棉作为吸附材料。为了方便安装和美观,该吸附材料同挡板相同,通过多个条形过滤棉组合成 “V”字形过滤面固定在铝板上。每条过滤棉和铝板通过在两端和中部添加螺栓的方式进行固定。
冷却管17上安装电捕焦油器16,电捕焦油器16内安装除焦电极23,除焦电极23为棒状结构,电极通过导线与变压器连接,电捕焦油器16开设进气口161、出气口162和出油口163,进气口161与桶体1的排气口通过管道连通,出气口162上安装冷却管17,出油口163通过管路与焦油储罐19连通。
作为本发明的第一实施例,在电捕焦油器中沉降管为正极,沉降管由正六边形组成,中心悬挂的电晕导线作为负极。
进一步,电捕焦油器的工作原理为:当两极间通入高压直流电时,便形成了不均匀电场,两极间的中性煤气分子电离为带正电的离子和带负电的电子。电子因能量很小,很快被煤气分子俘获而煤气分子成为负离子。在电晕级附近的电场强度大,此处的离子以高速运动使煤气分子发生碰撞电离,而离电晕导线较远处,电场强度小,离子的速度和动能不能使相遇的分子离子化,所以在正常的情况下整个不均匀电场不会被击穿,只是在电晕级附近形成了大量的正离子和负离子。负离子的速度比正离子的大,它便很快向正极管壁处移动,而使绝大部分焦油雾滴带负电荷。荷载负电的焦油滴到达管壁并沉积于壁上。
净化箱21上安装煤气罐24和氧气罐25,煤气罐24通过管路与燃气喷管13连通,氧气罐25通过管路与燃烧器3连通。
综上所述,本发明的内容并不局限在上述的实施例中,本领域技术人员可以在本发明的指导思想之内提出其他的实施例,但这些实施例都包括在本发明的范围之内。

Claims (1)

1.一种高温碳化杀菌系统,其特征在于,包括燃烧器(3),所述燃烧器(3)为圆筒结构,所述圆筒筒壁上有空气进口(301)和燃气进口(302),所述燃烧器(3)内安装旋风发生器(14),所述旋风发生器(14)的腔体与所述燃烧器(3)的腔体连通,所述旋风发生器(14)的底部安装喷嘴(141),所述喷嘴(141)的中轴线倾斜,所述旋风发生器(14)内部安装燃气喷管(13),所述燃气喷管(13)与所述燃气进口(302)连通,所述旋风发生器(14)外部安装点火电极(15),所述燃烧器(3)的底部安装翻转托板(4),所述翻转托板(4)的燃烧面(401)上加工导热孔(402),所述翻转托板(4)的背面安装电磁加热器(5),所述电磁加热器(5)上的导热柱(501)穿过所述导热孔(402),所述翻转托板(4)的转轴与减速箱(601)的输出轴连接,所述减速箱(601)上安装电机(6),所述燃烧器(3)安装在桶体(1)内,所述桶体(1)内安装石棉层(2),所述桶体(1)的底部安装炭箱(7),所述桶体(1)的顶部安装密封盖(8),所述密封盖(8)上安装气体检测组件(27),所述桶体(1)一侧安装净化箱(21),所述净化箱(21)内安装文丘里发生器(20),所述文丘里发生器(20)的燃气进口与冷却管(17)连通,所述文丘里发生器(20)的燃气出口浸没在所述净化箱(21)盛装的洗涤剂(22)液面以下,所述文丘里发生器(20)的喉管部位安装洗涤剂喷嘴(201),所述洗涤剂喷嘴(201)连通高压泵(26)出水口,所述高压泵(26)入水口通过导管浸入所述洗涤剂(22)内密封盖,所述净化箱(21)的出气口通过排气管(18)与燃气净化组件(9)连通,所述燃气净化组件(9)内部安装扰流筒(10),所述扰流筒(10)上安装净化组件(11)和扰流翅(12),所述净化组件(11)为圆筒形双层结构,所述圆筒内层为固定支架(111),所述固定支架(111)的表面安装净化层(112),所述扰流翅(12)为圆环形,相邻的两片所述扰流翅(12)中间安装所述净化组件(11),冷却管(17)上安装电捕焦油器(16),所述电捕焦油器(16)内安装除焦电极(23),所述除焦电极(23)为棒状结构,电极通过导线与变压器连接,所述电捕焦油器(16)开设进气口(161)、出气口(162)和出油口(163),所述进气口(161)与所述桶体(1)的排气口通过管道连通,所述出气口(162)上安装所述冷却管(17),所述出油口(163)通过管路与焦油储罐(19)连通,所述净化箱(21)上安装煤气罐(24)和氧气罐(25),所述煤气罐(24)通过管路与所述燃气喷管(13)连通,所述氧气罐(25)通过管路与所述燃烧器(3)连通。
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