CN113563134A - Preparation method of compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation - Google Patents
Preparation method of compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113563134A CN113563134A CN202111057693.4A CN202111057693A CN113563134A CN 113563134 A CN113563134 A CN 113563134A CN 202111057693 A CN202111057693 A CN 202111057693A CN 113563134 A CN113563134 A CN 113563134A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. And the preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: step one, preparing a film forming solution; and step two, spraying the film forming solution on the surface of the fertilizer granules to obtain the compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation. The fertilizer particles are prepared by mixing and granulating urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium oxide, silicate, trace elements and composite filler. The silicate is used as silicon fertilizer to improve the disease resistance and lodging resistance of rice. Meanwhile, the composite filler has a porous structure, and the silicon dioxide and the lignin have adsorption capacity, so that the adsorption capacity of the composite filler is improved, the release of fertility is delayed, and the rice is prevented from lodging due to the excess of fertility; and the binder is made of silica sol and modified starch, so that the mechanical property of the coating is improved, the slow release capability of the fertility granules is enhanced, and the fertility surplus of rice is further avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation.
Background
The growth cycle of rice is largely divided into two phases: a vegetative growth stage and a reproductive growth stage, wherein the vegetative growth stage is from the germination of rice seeds to a seedling jointing stage, and the vegetative growth stage can also be divided into a seedling stage, a seedling transplanting stage, a tillering stage and a jointing stage; the reproductive growth stage is from booting to ripening and can be divided into a booting stage, a heading stage, a flowering and pollination stage and a filling stage. The rice needs to be fattened in the vegetative growth stage of the rice so as to ensure a large amount of nutrition required by the booting stage, the heading stage, the flowering and pollination stage and the grouting stage in the reproductive growth stage, and if the fertilizer is not sufficiently applied, nutrition is not supplied in the reproductive growth stage, grouting is not full, and the nutritive value of the rice is influenced; the rice is reasonably fertilized in the reproductive growth stage of the rice, the rice can be lodging due to excessive fertilization, after lodging, rice leaves are mutually overlapped, the photosynthetic area and the group photosynthetic efficiency are reduced, and therefore grain filling is influenced, and the phenomena of grain falling, grain shrinkage, sprouting and the like occur. And lodging causes harvesting difficulty, increases the loss rate of rice and reduces the yield and quality of rice. Therefore, fertilizers aimed at the reproductive growth stage of rice are available on the market.
For example, Chinese patent CN105541490A discloses a functional fertilizer for late growth of rice, which comprises 40 wt% of base fertilizer, 10 wt% -30 wt% of tillering fertilizer and 30 wt% -50 wt% of spike fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer and the tillering fertilizer are quick-acting fertilizers, and the spike fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer. The slow release fertilizer is used as the spike fertilizer, the proportion of the nitrogen fertilizer of the spike fertilizer is 30-50 wt% of the total nitrogen fertilizer, so that the continuous supply of the nitrogen fertilizer can be ensured during the grouting period after the flowering of the indica-japonica hybrid rice, the normal green of the leaves can be maintained, the photosynthetic function of the leaves in the later period can be ensured, the grouting and fructifying capacity can be improved, the full seeds can be reached, and the rice yield can be improved. However, when the fertilizer provided by the invention is applied at the later stage, the rice leaves are over green, seedlings are flourishing, lodging is caused, and grouting is influenced.
Therefore, the invention provides a preparation method of the compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation, which improves the yield of rice by adding components for preventing rice from lodging into the compound fertilizer and slowly releasing nutritional ingredients in the compound fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the existing fertilizer lacks the regulation on the growth of rice, and the rice is easy to fall down.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation comprises the following steps:
step one, uniformly mixing organic acid, boric acid, a binder and water at 40-60 ℃ to obtain a film forming solution;
and secondly, placing the fertility granules in a rotating disc, preheating, spraying the film forming solution on the surfaces of the fertilizer granules by using a spray gun at 40-60 ℃, and drying in a drying oven at 30-50 ℃ to obtain the compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation.
Further, in the first step, the mass ratio of the organic acid to the boric acid to the binder to the water is 30-50: 8-15: 2.5-4.5: 70-90.
Further, the organic acid is one of citric acid and oxalic acid.
Further, in the second step, the preheating time is 15-30min, and the flow rate of the spray gun is 80 kg/h.
Further, in the second step, the mass ratio of the fertility particles to the film forming solution is 100: 30-40.
Further, the particle size of the compound fertilizer is 3-4.5 mm.
Further, the fertility granules are prepared by the following method:
urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium oxide, silicate, trace elements and composite filler are uniformly mixed in a mixture device, and then granulation and screening are carried out by using an extrusion method to obtain the fertility granules.
Further, the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate to the potassium oxide to the silicate to the trace elements to the composite filler is 30-45: 10-15: 3-8: 1.5-3.5: 1.5-3.5: 3-6: 0.8-1.6.
Further, the trace elements are any one or a mixture of several selected from Fe, Mg, Zn and Cu in any ratio.
Furthermore, the grain diameter of the fertility granules is 1.5-2.5 mm.
Further, the composite filler is prepared by the following steps:
x1, dissolving liquid sodium silicate in water, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 25min to obtain a water glass solution, adding a sulfuric acid solution containing adipic acid into the water glass solution, adjusting the pH value to 10-11 by using an alkali solution, stirring for 30min at room temperature, dehydrating at normal pressure, and concentrating until the concentration of silicon dioxide is 15-35% to obtain silica sol;
and X2, mixing the sodium hydroxide solution of the lignin with the silica sol, ultrasonically mixing for 20min, adding ketone sulfate, stirring for 2h at 70-80 ℃, cooling, and filtering to obtain the composite filler.
Further, the mass ratio of the water glass solution to the sulfuric acid solution containing adipic acid in the step X1 is 3-5: 2-4, the mass fraction of the water glass solution is 50-55%, and the dosage ratio of sulfuric acid to adipic acid in the sulfuric acid solution of adipic acid is 18: 0.5-1.5; the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 10-15%.
Further, in the step X2, the mass ratio of the lignin to the silica sol is 5-10: 85 to 93 percent, the adding mass of the copper sulfate is 1.5 to 3 percent of the mass of the lignin, and the pH value of the sodium hydroxide solution of the lignin is 10 to 11.
In the preparation process of the composite filler, adipic acid is introduced in the process of preparing silica sol, and then the silica sol and an alkaline lignin solution are mixed to obtain the composite filler, wherein in the process, the adipic acid participates in the formation of the silica sol, and carboxyl and hydroxyl on the surface of silicon dioxide form crosslinking, so that a plurality of silicon dioxide particles crosslinked with the adipic acid are formed in a silica sol system; when the silica sol is mixed with an alkaline lignin solution, adipic acid and lignin are subjected to a condensation reaction of carboxyl and hydroxyl under the catalysis of ketone sulfate to form a macromolecular chain, and an interpenetrating network system of silicon dioxide-adipic acid-lignin-adipic acid-silicon dioxide is formed, and the formed macromolecular chain is a connecting element, so that the aperture in the composite filler is enlarged, and the adsorption capacity of the composite filler is increased.
Further, the raw materials of the adhesive comprise the following components in parts by weight: 75-95 parts of modified starch and 23-32 parts of silica sol.
Further, the adhesive is made by the steps of:
s11, dissolving starch in hot water at 80 ℃, stirring for 30min, adding into an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 2% to prepare a starch solution with the mass fraction of 35%, stirring and adding into an isopropanol solution of (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane, continuously stirring, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for reaction for 5h, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation on the solution to remove the solvent to obtain modified starch, wherein the adding mass of the (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane is 12-18% of the mass of the starch;
s12, preparing the modified starch into a solution with the mass concentration of 35%, adding silica sol at room temperature and at the speed of 400-500r/min, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20min at the temperature of 55 ℃ to obtain the binder.
In the preparation process of the binder, the starch molecular chain is modified by (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane, the flexibility and the mobility of a siloxane chain are utilized to increase the compatibility of the starch and silica sol, the reaction between the carboxyl of adipic acid on the surface of silicon dioxide and the hydroxyl of the modified starch molecular chain is promoted, and then the silicon dioxide is grafted to the molecular chain of the modified starch, so that the mechanical capacity of the modified starch is increased, and meanwhile, the adsorption capacity of the modified starch is increased by porous silicon dioxide.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium oxide, silicate and trace elements are compounded to prepare a fertility source of rice, wherein the urea, the monoammonium phosphate, the potassium sulfate and the potassium oxide are used as sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers required by the growth of the rice, the silicate is used as a main source of a silicon fertilizer required by the rice, the disease resistance and the lodging resistance of the rice can be improved, the natural disaster resistance of the rice can be enhanced, silicon can also promote the absorption of the nitrogen and the phosphorus by the rice, the photosynthesis of the rice is enhanced, the effects of increasing yield, improving quality and increasing efficiency are further achieved, the growth of the rice can be regulated by the trace elements, the photosynthesis is promoted, and the yield of the rice is increased; the fertility source and the composite filler are compounded to form the fertility granules, and the purpose is to utilize the absorption capacity of the composite filler to the fertility source, and the fertility granules are explained as follows: the composite filler is prepared from liquid sodium silicate, adipic acid and lignin, wherein silicon dioxide particles are finally formed by the liquid sodium silicate and can be used as a silicon fertilizer source, trace adipic acid is safe for rice, the lignin has an adsorption effect on the fertility source, and the lignin and the silicon dioxide particles simultaneously play an adsorption effect on the fertility source, so that the release of the fertility is delayed, and the rice is prevented from lodging due to the excessive fertility of the rice;
the invention utilizes organic acid, boric acid, binder and water to mix and form film forming solution, wraps the fertility granules and finally obtains the compound fertilizer, wherein, the organic acid is used as the main material of the film, so that the absorption of the lead and the septa in the soil by the rice can be effectively inhibited by utilizing the organic acid, meanwhile, the binder is made of silica sol and modified starch, the mechanical property of the coating is increased, the slow release capability of the fertility granules is enhanced, and the rice fertility surplus is further prevented from causing rice lodging.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the silica sol is prepared by the following method:
dissolving liquid sodium silicate in water, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 25min to obtain a water glass solution, adding a sulfuric acid solution containing adipic acid into the water glass solution, adjusting the pH value to 10 by using an alkali solution, stirring at room temperature for 30min, dehydrating at normal pressure, and concentrating until the concentration of silicon dioxide is 15% to obtain silica sol, wherein the mass ratio of the water glass solution to the sulfuric acid solution containing adipic acid is 3: 2, the mass fraction of the water glass solution is 50%, and the dosage ratio of sulfuric acid to adipic acid in the sulfuric acid solution of adipic acid is 18: 0.5; the concentration of sulfuric acid was 10%.
Example 2:
the silica sol is prepared by the following method:
dissolving liquid sodium silicate in water, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 25min to obtain a water glass solution, adding a sulfuric acid solution containing adipic acid into the water glass solution, adjusting the pH value to 10.5 by using an alkali solution, stirring at room temperature for 30min, dehydrating at normal pressure, and concentrating until the concentration of silicon dioxide is 20% to obtain silica sol, wherein the mass ratio of the water glass solution to the sulfuric acid solution containing adipic acid in the step X1 is 4: 3, the mass fraction of the water glass solution is 53%, and the dosage ratio of sulfuric acid to adipic acid in the sulfuric acid solution of adipic acid is 18: 1.0; the concentration of sulfuric acid was 12%.
Example 3:
the silica sol is prepared by the following method:
dissolving liquid sodium silicate in water, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 25min to obtain a water glass solution, adding a sulfuric acid solution containing adipic acid into the water glass solution, adjusting the pH value to be 11 by using an alkali solution, stirring at room temperature for 30min, dehydrating at normal pressure, and concentrating until the concentration of silicon dioxide is 35% to obtain silica sol, wherein the mass ratio of the water glass solution to the sulfuric acid solution containing adipic acid in the step X1 is 5: and 4, the mass fraction of the water glass solution is 55%, and the use ratio of sulfuric acid to adipic acid in the sulfuric acid solution of adipic acid is 18: 1.5; the concentration of sulfuric acid was 15%.
Example 4:
the fertility granules are prepared by the following method:
(1) mixing a sodium hydroxide solution of lignin with the silica sol prepared in the embodiment 1, ultrasonically mixing for 20min, adding ketone sulfate, stirring for 2h at 70 ℃, cooling, filtering, and taking filtrate to obtain the composite filler, wherein the mass ratio of the lignin to the silica sol is 5: 85, the adding mass of the copper sulfate is 1.5 percent of the mass of the lignin, and the pH value of the sodium hydroxide solution of the lignin is 10;
(2) uniformly mixing urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium oxide, silicate, trace elements and composite filler in a mixture device, then granulating by using an extrusion method, and screening particles with the diameter of 1.5mm to obtain fertility particles, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate to the potassium oxide to the silicate to the trace elements to the composite filler is 30: 10: 3: 1.5: 1.5: 3: 0.8.
example 5:
the fertility granules are prepared by the following method:
(1) mixing a sodium hydroxide solution of lignin with the silica sol prepared in the embodiment 2, ultrasonically mixing for 20min, adding ketone sulfate, stirring for 2h at 70 ℃, cooling, filtering, and taking filtrate to obtain the composite filler, wherein the mass ratio of the lignin to the silica sol is 7: 88, the adding mass of the copper sulfate is 2 percent of the mass of the lignin, and the pH value of the sodium hydroxide solution of the lignin is 10.5;
(2) uniformly mixing urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium oxide, silicate, trace elements and composite filler in a mixture device, then granulating by using an extrusion method, and screening particles with the diameter of 2mm to obtain fertility particles, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate to the potassium oxide to the silicate to the trace elements to the composite filler is 35: 13: 6: 2: 2.1: 4: 1.3.
example 6:
the fertility granules are prepared by the following method:
(1) mixing a sodium hydroxide solution of lignin with the silica sol prepared in the embodiment 1, ultrasonically mixing for 20min, adding ketone sulfate, stirring for 2h at 70 ℃, cooling, filtering, and taking filtrate to obtain the composite filler, wherein the mass ratio of the lignin to the silica sol is 10: 93, the adding mass of the copper sulfate is 3 percent of the mass of the lignin, and the pH value of the sodium hydroxide solution of the lignin is 11;
(2) uniformly mixing urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium oxide, silicate, trace elements and composite filler in a mixture device, then granulating by using an extrusion method, and screening particles with the diameter of 2.5mm to obtain fertility particles, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate to the potassium oxide to the silicate to the trace elements to the composite filler is 45: 15: 8: 3.5: 3.5: 6: 1.6.
example 7:
the adhesive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of modified starch, 23 parts of silica sol prepared according to example 1.
The adhesive is prepared by the following steps:
s11, dissolving starch in hot water at 80 ℃, stirring for 30min, adding into an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 2% to prepare a starch solution with the mass fraction of 35%, stirring and adding into an isopropanol solution of (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane, continuously stirring, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for reaction for 5h, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation on the solution to remove the solvent to obtain modified starch, wherein the adding mass of the (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane is 12% of the mass of the starch;
s12, preparing the modified starch into a solution with the mass concentration of 35%, adding silica sol at room temperature and 400r/min, and performing ultrasonic dispersion at 55 ℃ for 20min to obtain the binder.
Example 8:
the adhesive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of modified starch, 27 parts of silica sol prepared in example 2.
The adhesive is prepared by the following steps:
s11, dissolving starch in hot water at 80 ℃, stirring for 30min, adding into an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 2% to prepare a starch solution with the mass fraction of 35%, stirring and adding into an isopropanol solution of (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane, continuously stirring, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for reaction for 5h, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation on the solution to remove the solvent to obtain modified starch, wherein the adding mass of the (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane is 16% of the mass of the starch;
s12, preparing the modified starch into a solution with the mass concentration of 35%, adding silica sol at room temperature and 450r/min, and performing ultrasonic dispersion at 55 ℃ for 20min to obtain the binder.
Example 9:
the adhesive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 95 parts of modified starch, 32 parts of silica sol prepared according to example 3.
The adhesive is prepared by the following steps:
s11, dissolving starch in hot water at 80 ℃, stirring for 30min, adding into an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 2% to prepare a starch solution with the mass fraction of 35%, stirring and adding into an isopropanol solution of (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane, continuously stirring, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for reaction for 5h, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation on the solution to remove the solvent to obtain modified starch, wherein the adding mass of the (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane is 18% of the mass of the starch;
s12, preparing the modified starch into a solution with the mass concentration of 35%, adding silica sol at room temperature and 500r/min, and performing ultrasonic dispersion at 55 ℃ for 20min to obtain the binder.
Example 10:
a compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation is prepared by the following steps:
step one, uniformly mixing organic acid, boric acid, the binder prepared in example 7 and water at 40 ℃ to obtain a film forming solution, wherein the mass ratio of the organic acid to the boric acid to the binder prepared in example 7 to the water is 30: 8: 2.5: 70;
step two, placing the fertility granules prepared in the embodiment 4 in a rotating disc, preheating for 15min, spraying a film forming solution on the surfaces of the fertilizer granules by using a spray gun at 40 ℃, and drying in a drying oven at 30 ℃ to obtain the compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation, wherein the flow of the spray gun is 80kg/h, and the mass ratio of the fertility granules to the film forming solution is 100: 30, the grain size of the obtained compound fertilizer is 3 mm.
Example 11:
a compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation is prepared by the following steps:
step one, uniformly mixing organic acid, boric acid, the binder prepared in the embodiment 8 and water at 50 ℃ to obtain a film forming solution, wherein the mass ratio of the organic acid to the boric acid to the binder prepared in the embodiment 8 to the water is 40: 10: 3: 80;
step two, placing the fertility granules prepared in the embodiment 5 in a rotating disc, preheating for 20min, spraying a film forming solution on the surfaces of the fertilizer granules by using a spray gun at 50 ℃, and drying in a 50 ℃ oven to obtain the compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation, wherein the flow of the spray gun is 80kg/h, and the mass ratio of the fertility granules to the film forming solution is 100: 35, the grain size of the obtained compound fertilizer is 4 mm.
Example 12:
a compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation is prepared by the following steps:
step one, uniformly mixing organic acid, boric acid, the binder prepared in example 9 and water at 60 ℃ to obtain a film forming solution, wherein the mass ratio of the organic acid to the boric acid to the binder prepared in example 9 to the water is 50: 15: 4.5: 90, respectively;
step two, placing the fertility granules prepared in the embodiment 6 in a rotating disc, preheating for 30min, spraying a film forming solution on the surfaces of the fertilizer granules by using a spray gun at 60 ℃, and drying in a 50 ℃ oven to obtain the compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation, wherein the flow of the spray gun is 80kg/h, and the mass ratio of the fertility granules to the film forming solution is 100: 40, the grain size of the obtained compound fertilizer is 4.5 mm.
Comparative example 1:
the binder was the modified starch prepared in example 7.
Comparative example 2:
the fertility granules are prepared by the following method:
(1) mixing a sodium hydroxide solution of lignin with the silica sol prepared in the embodiment 2, ultrasonically mixing for 20min, adding ketone sulfate, stirring for 2h at 70 ℃, cooling, filtering, and taking filtrate to obtain the composite filler, wherein the mass ratio of the lignin to the silica sol is 5: 85, the adding mass of the copper sulfate is 1.5 percent of the mass of the lignin, and the pH value of the sodium hydroxide solution of the lignin is 10;
(2) uniformly mixing urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium oxide, silicate, trace elements and composite filler in a mixture device, then granulating by using an extrusion method, and screening particles with the diameter of 1.5mm to obtain fertility particles, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate to the potassium oxide to the silicate to the trace elements to the composite filler is 30: 10: 3: 1.5: 1.5: 3: 0.8.
comparative example 3:
a compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation is prepared by the following steps:
step one, uniformly mixing organic acid, boric acid, the binder prepared in comparative example 1 and water at 40 ℃ to obtain a film forming solution, wherein the mass ratio of the organic acid to the boric acid to the binder prepared in comparative example 1 to the water is 30: 8: 2.5: 70;
step two, placing the fertility granules prepared in the embodiment 5 in a rotating disc, preheating for 15min, spraying a film forming solution on the surfaces of the fertilizer granules by using a spray gun at 40 ℃, and drying in a drying oven at 30 ℃ to obtain the compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation, wherein the flow of the spray gun is 80kg/h, and the mass ratio of the fertility granules to the film forming solution is 100: 30, the grain size of the obtained compound fertilizer is 3 mm.
Comparative example 4:
a compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation is prepared by the following steps:
step one, uniformly mixing organic acid, boric acid, the binder prepared in the embodiment 8 and water at 50 ℃ to obtain a film forming solution, wherein the mass ratio of the organic acid to the boric acid to the binder prepared in the embodiment 8 to the water is 40: 10: 3: 80;
step two, placing the fertility granules prepared in the comparative example 2 in a rotating disc, preheating for 20min, spraying a film forming solution on the surfaces of the fertilizer granules by using a spray gun at 50 ℃, and drying in a 50 ℃ oven to obtain the compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation, wherein the flow rate of the spray gun is 80kg/h, and the mass ratio of the fertility granules to the film forming solution is 100: 35, the grain size of the obtained compound fertilizer is 4 mm.
Comparative example 5:
a compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation is prepared by the following steps:
step one, uniformly mixing organic acid, boric acid and water at 60 ℃ to obtain a film forming solution, wherein the mass ratio of the organic acid to the boric acid to the water is 50: 15: 90, respectively;
step two, placing the fertility granules prepared in the embodiment 6 in a rotating disc, preheating for 30min, spraying a film forming solution on the surfaces of the fertilizer granules by using a spray gun at 60 ℃, and drying in a 50 ℃ oven to obtain the compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation, wherein the flow of the spray gun is 80kg/h, and the mass ratio of the fertility granules to the film forming solution is 100: 40, the grain size of the obtained compound fertilizer is 4.5 mm.
Example 13:
the compound fertilizers obtained in examples 10 to 12 and comparative examples 3 to 5 were used in the following experiments:
and (3) rice field test: rice seedlings are respectively transplanted into 7 test fields with the length of 10 meters and the width of 6 meters, the test fields are fertilized and sprayed with pesticide according to a conventional method, the compound fertilizers obtained in the examples 10-12 and the comparative examples 3-5 are respectively used for treating the rice in the No. 1-6 test fields, the spraying amount is 1.5kg per mu, the No. 7 test fields are not fertilized as a control group, the yield of the rice in the 7 test fields is recorded, the yield of the test areas of the examples 10-12 and the comparative examples 3-5 is compared with the control group to calculate the yield increase rate, the lodging condition of the rice in the test fields is observed, and the test results are listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1
From the above data, it can be seen that the compound fertilizer for facilitating the regulation of rice growth provided by the present invention has the effect of promoting the increase of rice yield.
Slow release experiments of fertilizers: the determination is carried out by adopting a water solubility method according to the national standard of the slow release fertilizer (GB/T23348-2009); weighing about 10g of fertilizer sample, putting the fertilizer sample into a small bag made of a 100-mesh nylon gauze, putting the small bag into a 250mL glass bottle, adding 200mL of water, covering and sealing, putting the small bag into a biochemical constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃, sampling at 1, 7, 28, 36 and 42d respectively, testing the nitrogen release amount by adopting an automatic analyzer, and calculating the cumulative nitrogen release rate by the following calculation formula: where Wn is the mass fraction of nitrogen released measured on day n and W is the mass fraction of total nitrogen, the test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
From the data, the compound fertilizer provided by the invention has excellent slow release performance and is convenient for rice growth regulation.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, uniformly mixing organic acid, boric acid, a binder and water at 40-60 ℃ to obtain a film forming solution;
secondly, placing the fertility granules in a rotating disc, preheating, spraying a film forming solution on the fertility granules at 40-60 ℃, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer convenient for rice growth regulation;
the fertility granules are prepared by the following method:
uniformly mixing urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium oxide, silicate, trace elements and composite filler, then granulating, and screening particles with the particle size of 1.5-2.5mm to obtain the fertilizer particles.
2. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for rice growth regulation according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components: in the first step, the mass ratio of the organic acid to the boric acid to the binder to the water is 30-50: 8-15: 2.5-4.5: 70-90.
3. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for rice growth regulation according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components: in the second step, the mass ratio of the fertility granules to the film forming solution is 100: 30-40.
4. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for rice growth regulation according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components: the mass ratio of the urea to the monoammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate to the potassium oxide to the silicate to the trace elements to the composite filler is 30-45: 10-15: 3-8: 1.5-3.5: 1.5-3.5: 3-6: 0.8-1.6.
5. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for rice growth regulation according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components: the composite filler is prepared by the following steps:
x1, dissolving liquid sodium silicate in water, and ultrasonically oscillating for 25min to obtain a water glass solution; adding a sulfuric acid solution containing adipic acid into the water glass solution, adjusting the pH value to 10-11, stirring at room temperature for 30min, dehydrating at normal pressure, and concentrating until the concentration of silicon dioxide is 15-35% to obtain silica sol;
and X2, mixing the sodium hydroxide solution of the lignin with the silica sol, ultrasonically mixing for 20min, adding ketone sulfate, stirring for 2h at 70-80 ℃, cooling, and filtering to obtain the composite filler.
6. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for rice growth regulation according to claim 5, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components: the mass ratio of the water glass solution to the sulfuric acid solution containing adipic acid in the step X1 is 3-5: 2-4, the mass fraction of the water glass solution is 50-55%, and the dosage ratio of sulfuric acid with the mass concentration of 10-15% in the sulfuric acid solution of adipic acid to adipic acid is 18: 0.5-1.5.
7. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for rice growth regulation according to claim 5, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components: in the step X2, the mass ratio of the lignin to the silica sol is 5-10: 85 to 93 percent, wherein the added mass of the copper sulfate is 1.5 to 3 percent of the mass of the lignin.
8. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for rice growth regulation according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components: the adhesive is prepared by the following steps:
preparing the modified starch into a solution with the mass concentration of 35%, adding silica sol at room temperature and 500r/min under 400 ℃, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20min at 55 ℃ to obtain the binder.
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Application publication date: 20211029 |