CN113558136A

CN113558136A - Method for preparing fermented feed from dried corn

Info

Publication number: CN113558136A
Application number: CN202110846074.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒋万英
Original assignee: Inner Mongolia Yuanshengtai Agriculture And Animal Husbandry Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Inner Mongolia Yuanshengtai Agriculture And Animal Husbandry Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-26
Filing date: 2021-07-26
Publication date: 2021-10-29

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing fermented feed from dry corn, which comprises the steps of crushing the dry corn to form corn powder particles; adding a microbial agent and water into the corn powder particles, and fully mixing to obtain a mixture of the corn powder, the water and the microbial agent; compacting the mixture, and then placing the mixture in a closed environment, carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 20-30 days to finally obtain the corn fermented feed. The fermented corn feed disclosed by the invention can save cost, increase benefits, improve the absorption and utilization rate of livestock, solve part of environmental pollution problems, reduce storage risk and culture cost, and is a great good thing benefiting the nation and people.

Description

Method for preparing fermented feed from dried corn

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a method for preparing fermented feed from dry corn.

Background

Currently, corn is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus zea of the family poaceae. Is an important economic crop and also a crop with the maximum total yield all over the world, and is known as 'king of feed'. At present, two technologies are mainly used for the application of corn in the aspect of feed: the corn is directly ground into corn flour for adding, and the corn is prepared into steam-flaked corn for use.

In the traditional steam-flaked corn processing, the moisture content of the seeds is about 25-35% during corn harvesting, large-area fields, manpower and material resources are needed in the airing and drying processes in the traditional seed harvesting, the risks of bird eating, rat stealing, wind blowing, snow burying and the like cannot be avoided, and the corn is easy to get burnt, mildewed and deteriorated in the harvesting and storing processes. Processing dry corn seeds into steam-flaked corn by: in the process of high-temperature steam cooking, tabletting and drying, the whole process consumes mildew and electricity, generates a large amount of pollutants, increases the cost by about 200 yuan per ton of corn; if stored for a long period of time, losses and energy consumption waste are greater. Experiments show that corn kernels polluted by mycotoxin cannot be eliminated by physical and chemical methods, can only be controlled within a specified range, cannot ensure secondary pollution after processing, and cannot be stored for a long time. In the same using environment, the dry corn seeds can be stored for 10 days, the dry corn seeds can be processed into steam-flaked corn which can be stored for only 3 days, and the risk of secondary pollution caused by overdue storage is very high.

The traditional method for harvesting corn seeds is easy to deteriorate, mildew substances are generated to reduce palatability, and beta-carotene and carotenoids are greatly damaged in the drying, airing and storing processes. Experiments show that the starch conversion rate of the dried corn flour for ruminants is only 52 percent, and the livestock absorption rate is lower; the processing into steam-flaked corn was also only improved to 68-70%.

When traditional corn seeds are used for processing feed after being harvested, additives such as corn, bean pulp and wheat need to be crushed and processed, a large amount of dust and harmful gas can be generated in the processing process of a feed factory, the surrounding environment is seriously affected, the seeds are easy to mildew and deteriorate in the storage process, livestock products are affected after the livestock are fed with the mildewed feed, and then the human health is affected.

In summary, the conventional processing method of corn feed has the defects of high pollution, high energy consumption, high cost, low absorption rate as feed, low nutritional value and the like, and the environmental protection pressure is high, so that a new preparation method of corn powder is urgently needed to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention provides a method for preparing fermented feed from dry corn.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a method for preparing fermented feed from dry corn, which comprises the following steps:

crushing dry corn to form corn particles;

adding a microbial agent and water into the corn powder particles, and fully mixing to obtain a corn powder fermentation mixture;

and placing the corn flour fermentation mixture in a closed environment, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 20-30 days at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain the corn fermentation feed.

In one embodiment of the invention, the microbial agents include lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, and lactobacillus buchneri.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the microbial agent added is 5g per 1000 kg.

In one embodiment of the invention, the moisture content of the dried corn is no greater than 14%.

In one embodiment of the invention, the closed environment is formed by wrapping or filling the corn powder compact into a bag.

In one embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of the water to the corn powder particles is 186: 814.

In one embodiment of the invention, the corn meal particles are at least crushed to a size of less than 1/2 corn kernel integrity.

In one embodiment of the invention, the water content of the corn fermented feed is 30 +/-2%.

The corn feed prepared by the method also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.

The invention has the following advantages:

according to the preparation method of the fermented corn feed, after the dry corn seeds are quickly crushed, water and a microbial inoculum are added, the dry corn seeds are wrapped or filled into a bag, anaerobic fermentation storage is carried out, extra time and manpower and material resources are not needed, the cost of the whole processing process is much lower than that of steam-pressed corn, nutrition loss and mildewing and deterioration are basically avoided after wrapping or filling into the bag, the storage loss rate can be controlled within 2%, according to measurement and calculation, the wet storage fermented corn is only 20% of the drying and storage cost, the cost of corn wet storage fermentation is saved by 80-100 yuan/ton compared with the preparation of corn flour, the cost of corn wet storage fermentation is saved by 120-. And the starch conversion rate of the ruminant processed into the wet storage fermented corn is improved to 80 percent.

The fermented corn feed has the characteristics of golden color, sour and fragrant smell and soft texture, improves the palatability and the nutrient absorption rate of corn, ensures that the rumen-passing protein of the wet-storage fermented corn accounts for 80 percent of the crude protein, improves the digestibility of the wet-storage fermented corn by 9 percent, improves the net milk yield by 13 percent and increases the milk yield by 5 percent according to the material report of America. The whole process of the wet storage and fermentation of the dry corn has no pollution to the environment and has no adverse effect on animal products.

The fermented corn feed disclosed by the invention can save cost, increase benefits, improve the absorption and utilization rate of livestock, solve part of environmental pollution problems, reduce storage risk and culture cost, and is a great good thing benefiting the nation and people.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The microbial agents of the present invention were purchased from OEM manufacturers: ningxia Xinwufeng agricultural science and technology Co. The total viable bacteria amount of the microbial agent is 1000 hundred million/g.

Example 1

pulverizing 814kg of dried semen Maydis with water content not higher than 14%. The corn powder particles are formed and crushed to at least 1/2 degrees of corn kernel integrity. 186kg of a mixture of a microbial agent and water is added into the corn powder, wherein the microbial agent comprises lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus buchneri, and the addition amount of the microbial agent is 3 g. Fully mixing to obtain a corn flour fermentation mixture; and placing the uniformly mixed corn flour fermentation mixture in a closed environment, wherein the closed environment is formed by pressing and wrapping corn powder particles or filling the corn powder particles into bags. The detection temperature of the closed environment is 20-30 ℃, and the corn fermented feed is obtained after anaerobic fermentation for 20 days, wherein the water content of the corn fermented feed is 25 +/-2%.

Example 2

620kg of dry corn is taken and crushed, and the water content of the dry corn is not higher than 14 percent. The corn powder particles are formed and crushed to at least 1/2 degrees of corn kernel integrity. 155kg of a mixture of a microbial agent and water is added into the corn powder particles, wherein the microbial agent comprises lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus buchneri, and the addition amount of the microbial agent is 2.9 g. Fully mixing to obtain a corn flour fermentation mixture; and placing the uniformly mixed corn flour fermentation mixture in a closed environment, wherein the closed environment is formed by pressing and wrapping corn powder particles or filling the corn powder particles into bags. The detection temperature of the closed environment is 20-30 ℃, and the corn fermented feed is obtained after anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 25 days, wherein the water content of the corn fermented feed is 25 +/-2%.

Example 3

1230kg of dry corn is taken and crushed, and the water content of the dry corn is not higher than 14 percent. The corn powder particles are formed and crushed to at least 1/2 degrees of corn kernel integrity. 215kg of a mixture of a microbial agent and water is added into the corn powder, wherein the microbial agent comprises lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus buchneri, and the addition amount of the microbial agent is 6.15 g. Fully mixing to obtain a corn flour fermentation mixture; and placing the uniformly mixed corn flour fermentation mixture in a closed environment, wherein the closed environment is formed by pressing and wrapping corn powder particles or filling the corn powder particles into bags. The detection temperature of the closed environment is 20-30 ℃, and the corn fermented feed is obtained after 30 days of anaerobic fermentation, wherein the water content of the corn fermented feed is 25 +/-2%.

Test implementation

The corn fermented feed prepared in the embodiment 1 is detected, and the detection result is as follows:

TABLE 1

Item	Content%
		Moisture content	30.7
Dried substance	69.3

TABLE 2

TABLE 3

Fiber	％NDF	％DM
			Acid detergent fiber ADF	37.4	3.1
Neutral detergent fiber NDF		8.2
			Ash corrected NDFaNDFom		33.4
Coarse fiber	34.7	2.8
			Lignin	10.38	0.85

TABLE 4

Carbohydrate compound	％Starch	％NFC	％DM
				Alcohol soluble carbohydrates (ESC)		2.2	1.8
Water Soluble Carbohydrates (WSC)		95.7	74.8
				Soluble starch	60.4
Soluble fiber
				Starch digestibility (7 hours, 4 mm)
Fatty acid (in fat%)			97.0
				Total fatty acids			3.40
C16:0			0.51
				C18:0			0.06
C18:1			0.78
				C18:2			2.03
C18:3			0.06
				Unsaturated Fatty Acid (RUFAL)			2.87
Crude fat			3.51

TABLE 5

TABLE 6

TABLE 7

Qualitative analysis	Content%
		Total digestible nutrient (% DM)	88.1
Net energy of milk production (Mcal/kg)	2.03
		Maintenance of net energy (Mcal/kg)	2.16
Net energy gain (Mcal/kg)	1.48
		Metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg)	3.5
Amino acid nitrogen, accounting for the total nitrogen%
		NDF digestion Rate (kd,% hour, undigested NDF)
Starch digestibility (kd,% hour, Mertens)	14.0
		Relative feed value RFV
Relative feed quality RFQ
		Milk yield per ton of feed (kg/ton)
Rumen degradation protein (% DM)
		Non-fibrous carbohydrate (% DM)	78.20
DCAD(mEq/100gDM)
		Summary index%

The method for preparing the fermented feed by the dry corn comprises the steps of crushing the dry corn, adding a mixture of water and a microbial agent, crushing dry corn grains by a special crusher, wherein the crushing degree at least reaches 1/2 corn grain integrity, and forming crushed corn particles so as to facilitate compaction and discharge air among the corn grains; corn powder particles with different crushing particle sizes can be produced according to different feeding targets; the invention adopts a briquetting wrapping machine to compress corn particles into blocks and wind films to achieve a closed environment to form an anaerobic state. The briquetting, wrapping, sealing and fermenting device disclosed by the invention not only improves the conversion rate of corn starch, but also is energy-saving, environment-friendly, low-carbon and pollution-free, reduces the storage risk and storage cost, is less than one tenth of the original risk and cost, and becomes another popularization tool for corn feed application.

The method inhibits the propagation of various mixed bacteria through the fermentation action of various microbial bacteria to form an acidic environment, so that the materials are stored for a long time without mildewing and deteriorating, and the high-quality corn feed which is beneficial to absorption and has higher starch conversion rate than steam-flaked corn is formed. The corn feed has aromatic smell, high feed intake, rich nutrition, and long-term storage,

although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A method for preparing fermented feed from dry corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:

crushing dry corn to form corn particles;

adding a microbial agent and water into the corn powder particles, and fully mixing to obtain a mixture of the corn powder, the water and the microbial agent;

compacting the mixture, and placing the mixture in a closed environment, performing anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 20-30 days to obtain the corn fermented feed.

2. The method for producing fermented feed from dry corn according to claim 1,

the microbial agent comprises lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus buchneri.

3. The method for producing fermented feed from dry corn according to claim 1,

the addition amount of the microbial inoculum is 5g per 1000 kg.

4. The method for producing fermented feed from dry corn according to claim 1,

the moisture content of the dried corn is not higher than 14%.

5. The method for producing fermented feed from dry corn according to claim 1,

the closed environment is formed by wrapping or filling the corn powder briquettes into bags.

6. The method for producing fermented feed from dry corn according to claim 1,

the mass ratio of the water to the corn powder particles is 186: 814.

7. the method for producing fermented feed from dry corn according to claim 1,

the corn powder particles are at least crushed to be at least less than 1/2 corn kernel integrity.

8. The method for producing fermented feed from dry corn according to claim 1,

the water content of the corn fermented feed is 30 +/-2%.

9. A corn feed produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.