CN113548758A - Method and device for treating drinking water by using ceramic membrane and combined nanofiltration membrane - Google Patents
Method and device for treating drinking water by using ceramic membrane and combined nanofiltration membrane Download PDFInfo
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- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of water treatment, and particularly relates to a method and a device for treating drinking water by using a ceramic membrane and a combined nanofiltration membrane. The method comprises the following steps: adding ozone into surface water for pre-oxidation; adding a flocculating agent into the water subjected to the pre-oxidation treatment to perform flocculation reaction; introducing ozone into the flocculated water again, and filtering by using a ceramic membrane coated with a titanium dioxide sintered coating on the surface; the water filtered by the ceramic membrane enters a nanofiltration device for filtration, the nanofiltration device comprises three sections of nanofiltration membrane components which are connected in series, wherein the concentrated water of one section of the nanofiltration membrane component enters a second section of the nanofiltration membrane component, the concentrated water of the second section of the nanofiltration membrane component enters the third section of the nanofiltration membrane component, and the clear water of the first section of the nanofiltration membrane component, the second section of the nanofiltration membrane component and the third section of the nanofiltration membrane component is used as drinking water. The method greatly improves the removal rate of the bromine and dimethyl isoborneol in the surface water, the treated drinking water reaches the standard of new drinking water, the treatment efficiency is improved, and the treatment cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water treatment, and particularly relates to a method and a device for treating drinking water by using a ceramic membrane and a combined nanofiltration membrane.
Background
Yellow river water, reservoir water or Yangtze river water are used as drinking water sources in most areas of China, the surface water has micro-pollution states in different degrees, particularly, in summer, part of algae grows vigorously to generate odor substances such as oxybromine, dimethyl isoborneol and the like, the peak value can reach about 0.00008mg/L, and the detected concentration values of the two substances in the national new drinking water standard are less than or equal to 0.00001 mg/L.
The prior common drinking water treatment methods comprise three methods, one method adopts an ozone and biochar process, the process can reduce odor substances such as ambroxol, dimethyl isoborneol and the like in water, bromate generated by ozone is harmful to human health, activated carbon becomes hazardous waste after failure and is harmful to the environment, water quality returns muddy and turbidity rises due to falling of a biological membrane after the activated carbon treatment, the process can not reduce the hardness and salt content in the water, and the quality of drinking water is not greatly improved.
In addition, the other process adopts an organic hollow fiber membrane and nanofiltration process, the hollow fiber membrane in the process cannot be used together with ozone because of ozone oxidation resistance, and cannot be used together with a flocculating agent because the membrane is easy to block, so the membrane has no removal effect on the soil bromine and the dimethyl isoborneol in water and can only be removed by the subsequent nanofiltration, the removal rate of the soil bromine by the common nanofiltration is only 76 percent, the removal rate of the dimethyl isoborneol is only 71 percent, in the summer alga outbreak season, the drinking water treated by the process has the risk that the two substances exceed the standard, the hollow fiber membrane has the service life of 2-3 years, and only can be treated as hazardous waste after the service life is ended, so the environment is harmed, the hollow fiber membrane is generally made of PVDF, PE and PVC, and the materials have the condition of precipitating harmful substances in the water, particularly under the condition of residual chlorine in the water, the precipitation of harmful substances is accelerated, so that the health of people is harmed.
The third treatment process adopts an organic hollow fiber membrane and a reverse osmosis process, the organic hollow fiber membrane has the defects, the reverse osmosis operation cost is high, the PH of produced water is lower than the drinking water standard, and the salt content of reverse osmosis concentrated water is more than 2000mg/L and exceeds the drainage standard of a sewer, so the drinking water treated by the process also does not meet the requirements of society and environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the method for treating the drinking water by using the ceramic membrane and the combined nanofiltration membrane greatly improves the removal rate of the bromine and the dimethyl isoborneol in the surface water, the treated drinking water reaches the standard of a new version of drinking water, the water flux of the ceramic membrane is increased, the cleaning period is prolonged, the treatment efficiency is improved, and the treatment cost is reduced; the invention also provides a device thereof.
The method for treating drinking water by using the ceramic membrane and the combined nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps of:
(1) ozone pre-oxidation: adding ozone into surface water for pre-oxidation;
(2) flocculation reaction: adding a flocculating agent into the water subjected to the pre-oxidation treatment to perform flocculation reaction;
(3) catalytic oxidation and filtration by a ceramic membrane: introducing ozone into the flocculated water again, and filtering by using a ceramic membrane coated with a titanium dioxide sintered coating on the surface;
(4) nanofiltration and filtration: the water filtered by the ceramic membrane enters a nanofiltration device for filtration, the nanofiltration device comprises three sections of nanofiltration membrane components which are connected in series, wherein the concentrated water of one section of the nanofiltration membrane component enters a second section of the nanofiltration membrane component, the concentrated water of the second section of the nanofiltration membrane component enters the third section of the nanofiltration membrane component, and the clear water of the first section of the nanofiltration membrane component, the second section of the nanofiltration membrane component and the third section of the nanofiltration membrane component is used as drinking water.
In the step (1), the adding amount of the ozone is 0.1-10mg/L, preferably 1-2 mg/L. The addition of ozone can kill the algae in the surface water and inactivate the microorganisms in the water. The adding amount of ozone is too low, so that microorganisms in water cannot be effectively killed, the subsequent flocculation and filtration effects are influenced, more bromate can be generated if the adding amount of ozone is too high, the load of subsequent nanofiltration is increased, and even the bromate cannot be effectively removed, so that the health of a human body is damaged.
Preferably, the ozone is added in a jet device mode, and the pre-oxidation time is 1-10 min.
In the step (2), the flocculating agent is an inorganic flocculating agent. Such as aluminum-containing flocculants, iron-containing flocculants, or aluminum-iron-containing composite flocculants; the addition type may be one type or two or more types. The addition amount of the flocculating agent is 0.5-50mg/L, preferably 2.5-10 mg/L. The colloidal substances in the water can be formed into large particles by utilizing the mesh capture effect of the flocculating agent.
Preferably, the flocculation reaction time is 10-60 min.
In the step (3), the ceramic membrane is tubular or hollow fiber-shaped, and the aperture is 10-1000nm, preferably 20-200 nm; the ceramic membrane is made of one or more of alumina, zirconia, titania, silicon carbide, cordierite and silica.
The ozone is added into the water after the pre-oxidation and flocculation treatment again in the pipeline before the water enters the ceramic membrane, and the adding amount of the ozone is 0.1-10mg/L, preferably 2-5 mg/L.
After entering the ceramic membrane, large particles formed by the flocculating agent and the colloidal substances in the water form a loose filter cake layer on the surface of the ceramic membrane, so that small particles and algae secretions can be effectively prevented from blocking pores of the ceramic membrane. The ozone gas forms tiny bubbles in water, forms a turbulent flow state in a flow channel in the ceramic membrane, so that water flow is uniformly distributed, bias flow and pollutants are prevented from blocking the flow channel, vibration and stirring effects are realized on the surface of the ceramic membrane, and the pollutants are prevented from blocking filter holes on the surface of the ceramic membrane. The titanium dioxide sintered coating on the surface of the ceramic membrane plays a role in catalyzing ozone, so that the ozone generates hydroxyl radicals, further kills and decomposes odor substances such as algae secretion, bromine, dimethyl isoborneol and the like in water, and simultaneously prevents the formation of a biological membrane on the surface of the ceramic membrane.
The method comprises the steps of filtering colloid particles in water by utilizing a screening principle of a ceramic membrane, removing part of peculiar smell substances such as the bromine, the dimethyl isoborneol and the like in the water, carrying out combined treatment of pre-oxidation, flocculation and catalytic oxidation of the ceramic membrane, improving the removal rate of the bromine and the dimethyl isoborneol in the water, thickening a filter cake layer after the ceramic membrane operates for a certain time, stripping the filter cake layer by utilizing water power and gas backwashing after the ceramic membrane reaches a certain thickness, and then starting the operation of the next period.
The catalytic action of the titanium dioxide coating on the surface of the ceramic membrane, the oxidation action of ozone and the coagulation action of a flocculating agent are combined, so that odor substances in water can be removed, the filtering flux of the ceramic membrane is increased, and the cleaning period of the ceramic membrane is prolonged.
In the step (4), the three-section nanofiltration membrane component adopts a nanofiltration membrane with high desalination rate of 80-95%, such as NF90 nanofiltration membrane produced by the Dow company.
In consideration of the fact that the salt content of concentrated water cannot exceed the requirement of sewer discharge, common nanofiltration membranes with the salt rejection rate of 20-40 percent, such as NF270 produced by the Dow company, are used in the first-stage nanofiltration membrane module and the second-stage nanofiltration membrane module.
An intersegmental pump is added between the two-section nanofiltration membrane component and the three-section nanofiltration membrane component, so that the problem of low flow of the three-section nanofiltration membrane component is solved.
The nanofiltration device adopts three sections of nanofiltration membrane components connected in series, most organic matters in water can be filtered out in the combined mode, and part of inorganic salt is reserved, so that the removal rate of the bromine and dimethyl isoborneol is improved compared with that of the common nanofiltration device.
The device for treating drinking water by using the ceramic membrane and the combined nanofiltration membrane comprises an ozone reaction tank, a flocculation reaction tank, a ceramic membrane component, a ceramic membrane water production tank, a first-stage nanofiltration membrane component, a second-stage nanofiltration membrane component and a third-stage nanofiltration membrane component which are sequentially connected, wherein a water inlet of the ozone reaction tank is connected with a surface water conveying pipeline, and clear water outlets of the first-stage nanofiltration membrane component, the second-stage nanofiltration membrane component and the third-stage nanofiltration membrane component are connected with a drinking water conveying pipeline; the water inlet pipes of the ozone reaction tank and the ceramic membrane component are connected with an ozone generator, and the water inlet pipe of the flocculation reaction tank is connected with a flocculating agent adding device.
The pipeline between the flocculation reaction tank and the ceramic membrane component is provided with a No. 1 booster pump, the pipeline between the ceramic membrane water production tank and the first section of nanofiltration membrane component is provided with a No. 2 booster pump, and the pipeline between the second section of nanofiltration membrane component and the third section of nanofiltration membrane component is provided with an intersegmental pump.
And a concentrated water outlet of the three-section nanofiltration membrane component is connected with a concentrated water discharge pipeline.
The operation process of the device is as follows:
adding ozone into surface water in a conveying pipeline, introducing the surface water into an ozone reaction tank for pre-oxidation reaction, mixing a flocculating agent into discharged water after the reaction is finished, introducing the discharged water into a flocculation reaction tank for flocculation reaction, increasing the pressure of the discharged water by a 1# booster pump after the reaction is finished, adding ozone, introducing a ceramic membrane component, introducing produced water filtered by a ceramic membrane into a ceramic membrane production tank, increasing the pressure by a 2# booster pump, introducing the produced water into a first-section nanofiltration membrane component, introducing concentrated water generated by the first-section nanofiltration membrane component into a second-section nanofiltration membrane component, increasing the pressure of the concentrated water generated by the second-section nanofiltration membrane component by an intersegmental pump, introducing the produced water into a third-section nanofiltration membrane component, discharging the concentrated water generated by the third-section nanofiltration membrane component, and taking clear water generated by the first-section nanofiltration membrane component, the second-section nanofiltration membrane component and the third-section nanofiltration membrane component as drinking water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, drinking water is treated by adopting a ceramic membrane and ozone combined process, microorganisms such as algae in the water are killed by ozone, ozone is catalyzed by utilizing the oxidation resistance characteristic of the ceramic membrane and a titanium dioxide coating on the surface of the ceramic membrane, so that odor substances such as bromine and dimethyl isoborneol in the water are further decomposed, the ozone catalyzed by the titanium dioxide prevents a biological membrane from being formed on the surface of the ceramic membrane while the odor substances in the water are removed, part of ozone forms an asthmatic state in the ceramic membrane and plays roles in vibrating and stirring on the surface of the ceramic membrane, and thus the filtration flux of the ceramic membrane is increased;
(2) according to the invention, drinking water is treated by adopting a ceramic membrane, ozone and flocculation combined process, a loose filter cake layer is formed on the surface of the ceramic membrane by a flocculating agent, so that small particles and algae secretions are prevented from blocking pores of the ceramic membrane, smelly substances in the water are further decomposed by catalyzing ozone with the ceramic membrane, and the removal rate of the bromine in the water can reach 46 percent and the removal rate of dimethyl isoborneol can reach 49 percent through combined treatment of pre-oxidation, flocculation and catalytic oxidation with the ceramic membrane, meanwhile, the filtration flux of the ceramic membrane is increased by more than 177 percent and the cleaning period of the ceramic membrane is prolonged by 30 times compared with the surface water treated by the ceramic membrane alone;
(3) the nanofiltration device adopts a one-stage three-section design, the first section and the second section adopt common nanofiltration membranes, the third section adopts a high-desalination-rate sodium filtration membrane, and an intersegmental pump is added between the second section and the third section, so that the combined nanofiltration device greatly improves the removal rate of the bromine and the dimethyl isoborneol, the removal rate of the bromine can reach 87%, and the removal rate of the dimethyl isoborneol can reach 84%;
(4) the invention adopts the process of combining ceramic membrane, ozone and flocculating agent reinforced coagulation and combined nanofiltration to treat drinking water, the contents of the soil bromine and the dimethyl isoborneol in the treated water can reach the national new drinking water standard, namely the contents of two substances are less than or equal to 0.00001mg/L, the hardness in the water can be reduced by more than 65%, the salt content is reduced by more than 37%, the antibiotic is reduced by 90-97%, and the salt content of nanofiltration concentrated water is less than 1600ppm, thereby meeting the standards of discharging into sewers, oceans and river channels and the standards of reuse water such as landscape water.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a device for treating drinking water by using a ceramic membrane and a combined nanofiltration membrane according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an ozone reaction tank; 2. a flocculant adding device; 3. a flocculation reaction tank; 4. a 1# booster pump; 5. a ceramic membrane module; 6. a ceramic membrane water producing tank; 7. 2# booster pump; 8. a first stage nanofiltration membrane module; 9. a second-stage nanofiltration membrane component; 10. an interstage pump; 11. a three-section nanofiltration membrane component; 12. an ozone generator; 13. a surface water delivery pipeline; 14. a potable water delivery conduit; 15. a concentrated water discharge pipeline.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the device for treating drinking water by using a ceramic membrane and a combined nanofiltration membrane comprises an ozone reaction tank 1, a flocculation reaction tank 3, a ceramic membrane component 5, a ceramic membrane water production tank 6, a first-stage nanofiltration membrane component 8, a second-stage nanofiltration membrane component 9 and a third-stage nanofiltration membrane component 11 which are connected in sequence, wherein a water inlet of the ozone reaction tank 1 is connected with a surface water conveying pipeline 13, and clear water outlets of the first-stage nanofiltration membrane component 8, the second-stage nanofiltration membrane component 9 and the third-stage nanofiltration membrane component 11 are connected with a drinking water conveying pipeline 14; the water inlet pipes of the ozone reaction tank 1 and the ceramic membrane component 5 are connected with an ozone generator 12, and the water inlet pipe of the flocculation reaction tank 3 is connected with a flocculating agent adding device 2.
Wherein, be equipped with 1# booster pump 4 on the pipeline between flocculation reaction tank 3 and the ceramic membrane subassembly 5, be equipped with 2# booster pump 7 on the pipeline between ceramic membrane product water pond 6 and the first section nanofiltration membrane subassembly 8, be equipped with intersegmental pump 10 on the pipeline between second-stage nanofiltration membrane subassembly 9 and the three-stage nanofiltration membrane subassembly 11.
And a concentrated water outlet of the three-section nanofiltration membrane component 11 is connected with a concentrated water discharge pipeline 15.
The operation process of the device is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that ozone is added into surface water in a conveying pipeline, then the surface water is introduced into an ozone reaction tank 1 to carry out pre-oxidation reaction, after the reaction is finished, a flocculating agent is mixed into discharged water, then the discharged water is introduced into a flocculation reaction tank 3 to carry out flocculation reaction, after the reaction is finished, the pressure of the discharged water is increased through a 1# booster pump 4, then the ozone is added, then the water is introduced into a ceramic membrane component 5, the produced water filtered by a ceramic membrane enters a ceramic membrane production tank 6, the pressure of the produced water is increased through a 2# booster pump 7, then the produced water is introduced into a first-section nanofiltration membrane component 8, concentrated water produced by the first-section nanofiltration membrane component 8 enters a second-section nanofiltration membrane component 9, the concentrated water produced by the second-section nanofiltration membrane component 9 enters a third-section nanofiltration membrane component 11 after the pressure of the second-section nanofiltration membrane component 10 is increased, the concentrated water produced by the third-section nanofiltration membrane component 11 is discharged, and clean water produced by the first-section nanofiltration membrane component 8, the second-section nanofiltration membrane component 9 and the third-section nanofiltration membrane component 11 is used as drinking water.
Examples 2 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5
The apparatus of example 1 was used to treat yellow river water, pre-treatment yellow river water index: the salt content is 582mg/L and the total hardness is 282mg/L (as CaCO)3Meter), pH value of 8.31, dibromine 0.0000813mg/L, dimethyl isoborneol 0.0000436mg/L, oxytetracycline 0.0000038mg/L and tetracycline 0.0000163 mg/L.
The titanium dioxide sintered coating is coated on the surface of a ceramic membrane of the ceramic membrane component, the ceramic membrane is a product of environment-friendly science and technology limited of a Hichuan membrane (Zibo), the model is CM-12, the pore diameter of the ceramic membrane is 100 nanometers, and the ceramic membrane is made of a zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide and titanium oxide composite material; the nanofiltration membranes of the first-stage nanofiltration membrane component and the second-stage nanofiltration membrane component are common nanofiltration membranes with the desalination rate of 20-40% and are NF270 produced by the Dow company; the nanofiltration membrane of the three-section nanofiltration membrane component is a high-desalination-rate nanofiltration membrane with the desalination rate of 80-95% and is NF90 produced by Dow company.
The processing steps are as follows:
(1) ozone pre-oxidation: adding appropriate amount of ozone into yellow river water, introducing into an ozone reaction tank, and pre-oxidizing for 5 min;
(2) flocculation reaction: adding a proper amount of polyaluminium chloride into the water subjected to the pre-oxidation treatment, introducing into a flocculation reaction tank, and performing flocculation reaction for 30 min;
(3) catalytic oxidation and filtration by a ceramic membrane: pressurizing the flocculated water, introducing a proper amount of ozone, then introducing a ceramic membrane component for filtering, and introducing the produced water filtered by the ceramic membrane into a ceramic membrane water producing tank;
(4) nanofiltration and filtration: the method comprises the following steps of pressurizing water in a ceramic membrane production tank, introducing the water into a first-stage nanofiltration membrane component, introducing concentrated water of the first-stage nanofiltration membrane component into a second-stage nanofiltration membrane component, pressurizing the concentrated water of the second-stage nanofiltration membrane component, introducing the pressurized concentrated water into a third-stage nanofiltration membrane component, using clear water of the first-stage nanofiltration membrane component, the second-stage nanofiltration membrane component and the third-stage nanofiltration membrane component as drinking water, and recycling the concentrated water of the third-stage nanofiltration membrane component.
In order to examine the influence of the addition amount of ozone and the addition amount of a flocculating agent on the water treatment effect and the water flux, the water flux and the effluent quality of the ceramic membrane module were measured by adjusting the addition amounts of ozone and the flocculating agent only in examples 2 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5 during the operation of the apparatus, and the addition amounts of ozone and the flocculating agent and the measurement results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 ozone, flocculant addition and test results
| Item | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 |
| Step (1) ozone addition amount (mg/L) | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 15 |
| Step (3) ozone addition (mg/L) | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Step (2) adding amount (mg/L) of flocculant | 2.5 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Removal rate of bromine (%) | 46 | 46 | 45 | 22 | 34 | 12 | 32 | 31 |
| Dimethyl isoborneol removal (%) | 49 | 50 | 48 | 25 | 35 | 13 | 33 | 30 |
| Average water flux (LMH) | 283 | 287 | 285 | 139 | 159 | 102 | 153 | 132 |
| Cleaning cycle (sky) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 7 |
As can be seen from Table 1, in comparison with comparative example 1 and comparative example 3, the average water flux of the yellow river water treated by the ozone and ceramic membrane catalysis is improved from 102LMH to 139LMH, the water flux is increased by more than 36%, and the cleaning period is prolonged from one day to 3 days; comparing the comparative example 2 with the comparative example 3, compared with the method for treating the yellow river water by adopting the ceramic membrane and the flocculating agent in a combined manner, the average water flux is improved from 102LMH to 159LMH, the water flux is increased by more than 55 percent, and the cleaning period is prolonged from one day to 7 days; compared with the comparative example 3, the method has the advantages that the average water flux is improved from 102LMH to 283LMH by adopting the ceramic membrane to catalyze the combination of the ozone and the flocculating agent, the water flux is increased by more than 177% compared with the method of singly adopting the ceramic membrane to treat the yellow river water, and the cleaning period is prolonged from one day to 30 days; comparative example 4 is directly flocculated and filtered by a ceramic membrane, pre-oxidation is not carried out, algae secretion in water is more, the filtering effect of the ceramic membrane is directly influenced, the average water flux of the ceramic membrane is 153LMH, and the average water flux is reduced compared with that of example 2; comparative example 5 adopts the ceramic membrane to combine with flocculating agent to process the yellow river water, does not add ozone during the ceramic membrane filtration, increases the amount of ozone added during the preoxidation at the same time, and the average water flux of the ceramic membrane is 132LMH, which is not obviously improved.
Comparative example 6
Compared with the figure 1, the difference is that a pipeline between the two-section nanofiltration membrane component 9 and the three-section nanofiltration membrane component 11 is not provided with an intersegment pump 10, and the one-section nanofiltration membrane component 8, the two-section nanofiltration membrane component 9 and the three-section nanofiltration membrane component 11 all adopt common nanofiltration membranes, namely NF270 produced by the Dow company.
The water source for treatment was exactly the same as in example 2, and the treatment steps were as follows:
(1) ozone pre-oxidation: adding 1mg/L ozone into the yellow river water, and introducing into an ozone reaction tank for pre-oxidation for 5 min;
(2) flocculation reaction: adding 2.5mg/L polyaluminium chloride into the water subjected to pre-oxidation treatment, introducing into a flocculation reaction tank, and performing flocculation reaction for 30 min;
(3) catalytic oxidation and filtration by a ceramic membrane: pressurizing the flocculated water, introducing 2mg/L ozone, then introducing a ceramic membrane component for filtering, and introducing the produced water filtered by the ceramic membrane into a ceramic membrane water producing tank;
(4) nanofiltration and filtration: after the water in the ceramic membrane water producing tank is pressurized, the water is introduced into a first-stage nanofiltration membrane component, the concentrated water of the first-stage nanofiltration membrane component enters a second-stage nanofiltration membrane component, the concentrated water of the second-stage nanofiltration membrane component enters a third-stage nanofiltration membrane component, the clear water of the first-stage nanofiltration membrane component, the clear water of the second-stage nanofiltration membrane component and the clear water of the third-stage nanofiltration membrane component are used as drinking water, and the concentrated water of the third-stage nanofiltration membrane component is recycled.
The water treatment results of comparative example 6 and example 2 are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of Water treatment Effect before and after improvement of nanofiltration device
| Item | Example 2 | Comparative example 6 |
| Removal rate of bromine (%) | 87 | 76 |
| Dimethyl isoborneol removal (%) | 84 | 71 |
| Hardness reduction Rate (%) | 65 | 52 |
| Salt content reduction ratio (%) | 37 | 28 |
| Antibiotic reduction (%) | 90-97 | 75-90 |
| The concentrated water after nanofiltration contains salt (ppm) | ＜1600 | ＜1600 |
As can be seen from the table 2, through the actual operation comparison of the device, the removal rate of the bromine in the soil of the common nanofiltration device is 76 percent, and the removal rate of the dimethyl isoborneol is 71 percent; the combined nanofiltration device has the advantages that the removal rate of bromine reaches 87%, the removal rate of dimethyl isoborneol reaches 84%, and the removal rate is far higher than that of a common nanofiltration device. In addition, part of bromate can be formed in the ozone oxidation process, bromate is harmful to human health, and the removal rate of the bromate by the nanofiltration membrane can reach over 90 percent.
Claims (8)
1. A method for treating drinking water by using a ceramic membrane and a combined nanofiltration membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) ozone pre-oxidation: adding ozone into surface water for pre-oxidation;
(2) flocculation reaction: adding a flocculating agent into the water subjected to the pre-oxidation treatment to perform flocculation reaction;
(3) catalytic oxidation and filtration by a ceramic membrane: introducing ozone into the flocculated water again, and filtering by using a ceramic membrane coated with a titanium dioxide sintered coating on the surface;
(4) nanofiltration and filtration: the water filtered by the ceramic membrane enters a nanofiltration device for filtration, the nanofiltration device comprises three sections of nanofiltration membrane components which are connected in series, wherein the concentrated water of one section of the nanofiltration membrane component enters a second section of the nanofiltration membrane component, the concentrated water of the second section of the nanofiltration membrane component enters the third section of the nanofiltration membrane component, and the clear water of the first section of the nanofiltration membrane component, the second section of the nanofiltration membrane component and the third section of the nanofiltration membrane component is used as drinking water.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step (1), the adding amount of the ozone is 1-2 mg/L.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step (2), the flocculating agent is an inorganic flocculating agent, and the addition amount is 2.5-10 mg/L.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step (3), the adding amount of the ozone is 2-5 mg/L.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step (4), the three-section nanofiltration membrane component adopts a high-desalination-rate nanofiltration membrane with the desalination rate of 80-95%, and the first-section nanofiltration membrane component and the second-section nanofiltration membrane component adopt a common nanofiltration membrane with the desalination rate of 20-40%.
6. An apparatus for use in a method of treating drinking water with a ceramic membrane and a combined nanofiltration membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the apparatus comprises: the device comprises an ozone reaction tank (1), a flocculation reaction tank (3), a ceramic membrane component (5), a ceramic membrane water production tank (6), a first-section nanofiltration membrane component (8), a second-section nanofiltration membrane component (9) and a third-section nanofiltration membrane component (11) which are connected in sequence, wherein a water inlet of the ozone reaction tank (1) is connected with a surface water conveying pipeline (13), and clear water outlets of the first-section nanofiltration membrane component (8), the second-section nanofiltration membrane component (9) and the third-section nanofiltration membrane component (11) are connected with a drinking water conveying pipeline (14); the water inlet pipes of the ozone reaction tank (1) and the ceramic membrane component (5) are connected with an ozone generator (12), and the water inlet pipe of the flocculation reaction tank (3) is connected with a flocculating agent adding device (2).
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein: a1 # booster pump (4) is arranged on a pipeline between the flocculation reaction tank (3) and the ceramic membrane component (5), and a 2# booster pump (7) is arranged on a pipeline between the ceramic membrane production tank (6) and the section of nanofiltration membrane component (8).
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein: an intersegmental pump (10) is arranged on a pipeline between the two-section nanofiltration membrane component (9) and the three-section nanofiltration membrane component (11); the concentrated water outlet of the three-section nanofiltration membrane component (11) is connected with a concentrated water discharge pipeline (15).
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