CN113546518B - Zero-emission method for treating garbage carbonization odor through steam - Google Patents
Zero-emission method for treating garbage carbonization odor through steam Download PDFInfo
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- CN113546518B CN113546518B CN202110931323.2A CN202110931323A CN113546518B CN 113546518 B CN113546518 B CN 113546518B CN 202110931323 A CN202110931323 A CN 202110931323A CN 113546518 B CN113546518 B CN 113546518B
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- B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/007—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/40—Acidic components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a zero-emission method for treating garbage charring odor through steam, which comprises a first-stage steam spiral mixing temperature rise and cooling deodorization process, a first-stage condensation deodorization and constant-temperature tar removal process, a second-stage steam spiral mixing tar removal process, a decoking combustible gas recycling process, a high-temperature combustion tail gas waste heat utilization process, a garbage drying odor sealing forced condensation process, a self-cleaning type circulating biological bacteria filter bed deodorization process and a UV photolysis and high-energy plasma combined deodorization process. The remarkable effects are as follows: the invention innovatively applies secondary steam heating to capture tar and dust, secondary cooling dust removal and decoking technology, combustible gas recycling technology, tail gas waste heat utilization technology and the like, and realizes comprehensive step-by-step odor removal and full zero emission of solid, liquid and gas in the whole garbage carbonization treatment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage odor treatment, in particular to a zero-emission method for treating garbage carbonization odor by steam.
Background
Along with the rapid development of global economy and industrialization, the scale of cities is continuously enlarged, the total amount of urban domestic garbage is increased day by day, and in the process of industrialized treatment of urban domestic garbage, in order to achieve reduction and complete treatment of garbage, the urban domestic garbage is treated in two ways of incineration and landfill. The hidden trouble that can not be eradicated is brought: odor pollution.
Because people have strong environmental awareness of atmospheric pollution and demand higher and higher treatment call for odor pollution generated by garbage, at present, most common garbage treatment modes in all countries in the world are only two mainstream modes of landfill and incineration; the odor problem of auxiliary modes such as high-temperature compost, RDF derived fuel and the like is not solved completely!
High temperature composting
The composting method utilizes the metabolism mechanism of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and other microbes in the nature to perform self-proliferation, reproduction and metabolism under the condition of proper temperature and humidity, thereby degrading organic lipid and cellulose and eliminating the waste reduction.
The composting technology is suitable for treating perishable and degradable organic garbage. The organic fertilizer is converted into usable organic fertilizer, reduces environmental pollution, kills a certain amount of germs in the garbage, and has the characteristics of harmlessness and reclamation. However, microorganisms have certain requirements on living environments, such as: temperature, pH value, organic matter content, ventilation and oxygen supply conditions, carbon, nitrogen and ammonia proportion, natural climate and the like. And the fermentation treatment period is long and the occupied area is large. In the process, sulfate ions and the like cannot be removed, but soil is hardened and polluted, and a large amount of odor of volatile hydrogen sulfide generated in fermentation pollutes the atmosphere and seriously harms the health of human beings.
Sanitary landfill
Sanitary landfill is the transport of refuse to selected sites for landfill. The landfill method has the advantages of mature technology, simple operation, low investment and operation cost, large treatment capacity, suitability for all types of garbage and the like, and is the most treatment mode adopted at present.
However, the landfill garbage is not subjected to early harmless treatment, and a large amount of bacteria, viruses and heavy metal pollution is caused. The leakage liquid of the garbage piling place can pollute underground water resources for a long time, so the method has great potential harm and can bring endless future troubles to descendants. Odor emitted by several kilometers around the refuse landfill cannot be solved; after the field is closed, the subsequent methane gas odor, leakage liquid and the like have high maintenance and operation cost. At present, the landfill method is permanently stopped along with the promulgation of 'ten items of soil' in China.
Incineration method
The process is a high-temperature heat treatment technology, namely, municipal solid waste is used as solid fuel and is put into an incinerator to be mixed and combusted with coal, petroleum or natural gas, and oxygen in the air and combustible substances in the waste are subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction to release heat under the condition of high temperature, so that the waste is reduced into solid slag and fly ash. Complex mixing of "odors" also does not effectively treat emissions.
The volume of the garbage can be reduced by a garbage burning method, the volume can be reduced by 80-90% after the garbage is generally burned, and the volume reduction effect is quite obvious. The method has the advantages of small floor area, flexible site selection, closer city area, reduction of garbage transportation cost and short treatment period. Meanwhile, the heat energy generated by burning the garbage can be recycled for power generation, and the residual gas is used for heating, so that the waste is changed into valuable, and the recycling degree is high.
The disadvantages are that: firstly, the tail gas of incineration contains a large amount of particulate matters, sulfur oxides SOx, nitrogen oxides NOx, heavy metals, dioxin and other odor pollutants, which cannot be effectively treated, secondly, because of no separation process, the tail gas is completely mixed and incinerated, and the residue contains a large amount of heavy metals, so that the residue cannot be harmlessly treated, and the problem of secondary pollution exists.
Dioxin is a very toxic organic compound, and parts per million and even parts per billion grams of dioxin can cause serious health hazards. It has been classified as human primary carcinogen by the international center for cancer research. Dioxin has reproductive toxicity and genetic toxicity besides carcinogenic toxicity, and directly harms the health of offspring. In addition, microorganisms and hydrolysis in the nature have little influence on the molecular structure of dioxin, and the dioxin in the environment is difficult to naturally degrade and eliminate and can only be cracked at the high temperature of 1200-1500 ℃. Thus, dioxin pollution is a serious problem related to human existence and must be strictly controlled.
RDF derived fuel
RDF is refuse derived fuel abbreviation (RDF). The RDF has the characteristics of high heat value, stable combustion, easy transportation, easy storage, low secondary pollution, low discharge of dioxin substances and the like, and is widely applied to various coal-fired boilers.
The process is to crush, dry and mold combustible materials (rubber, plastic, wood and other organic materials) in the garbage to be used in the fields of drying engineering, cement manufacturing, heat supply engineering, power generation engineering and the like. However, this fuel has disadvantages in that it contains a large amount of plastic and rubber products, and generates a large amount of residual carbon ash, tar, mixed "odor" and is very likely to generate dioxin during combustion, and it also causes problems such as sanitary landfill and incineration.
In summary, we can see that the most common garbage disposal methods in all countries in the world are landfill and incineration, which not only do not meet the requirements of people in the aspect of harmlessness, but also generate a large amount of heavy metal harmful residues and mixed odor pollution. The waste incineration method is only an auxiliary fuel although it recovers heat energy generated during waste incineration to generate electricity and uses residual air for heating. Researches show that the utilization rate of the heat value of the municipal waste is only 15% -20%, wherein a considerable part of valuable resources are changed into waste gas to be discharged in incineration, and dioxin is always discharged in an overproof manner, so that more negative effects are brought to the environment.
In summary, all countries in the world strive to improve the odor in garbage treatment and after treatment from the source and afterwards, and the defects and application limitations can be all the same.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a zero-emission method for treating garbage charring odor through steam, which is based on the procedures of heating and cooling of a steam spiral tower, secondary steam for catching coke and dust, secondary cooling, constant temperature, fast and slow decoking technology (after tar oil is recycled), decoking and purifying combustible odor combustion energy for utilization and deodorization, drying and utilization of odorless high-temperature tail gas waste heat after combustion, generating odor by drying garbage, cooling and cooling, metabolic deodorization of a biological bacteria filter bed, UV photolysis and high-energy plasma deodorization and the like, and can be used for thoroughly removing the garbage mixed odor (combustible gas), tail gas (residual heat gas) and odor (water vapor) generated by a charring kettle step by step and realizing standard emission.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a zero-emission method for treating garbage carbonization odor through steam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, a first-stage steam spiral mixing temperature rise/temperature fall deodorization procedure: feeding the mixed odor containing tar discharged from the garbage carbonization kettle into a high-temperature steam spiral mixing tower to be mixed with steam in proportion, performing initial first-stage mixing heating, decoking, deodorizing and dedusting treatment, and continuously performing mixing cooling, decoking, deodorizing and dedusting treatment in the subsequent middle and high-temperature odor discharge process;
step 2, a first-stage condensation deodorization and constant-temperature tar removal process: carrying out primary cooling, cooling and decoking treatment on mixed odor discharged by the high-temperature steam spiral mixing tower, liquefying and condensing gaseous tar, and then sending the condensed gaseous tar into a constant-temperature storage;
step 3, a second-stage steam spiral mixing and tar removing process: sending the mixed odor subjected to the first-stage cooling and decoking treatment into a high-temperature steam spiral mixing tower for secondary heating and mixing, performing second-stage cooling and decoking, dust removing/dewatering treatment, and sending liquefied and condensed liquid tar into a constant-temperature storage;
step 4, decoking combustible gas recycling process: stabilizing the dust-free combustible odor obtained in the step (3) by pressure stabilizing equipment, and then feeding the dust-free combustible odor into a combustible gas combustion system of a garbage carbonization kettle for combustion utilization;
step 5, a waste heat utilization process of the high-temperature tail gas: drying and dehydrating the garbage crushed into small particles sent into the garbage carbonization kettle by high-temperature tail gas discharged after the garbage carbonization kettle is combusted;
step 6, sealing and forcibly condensing the garbage drying odor: condensing, cooling and dehydrating odor generated by drying and dehydrating garbage in a non-contact refrigerant heat exchange mode;
step 7, a self-cleaning type circulating biological bacteria phage filter bed deodorization procedure: sending the dust-free odor subjected to condensation cooling and dehydration treatment into a self-cleaning circulating biological bacteria filter bed for biological metabolism deodorization after alkali washing, dust removal and deacidification;
step 8, a UV photolysis and high-energy plasma combined deodorization procedure: after odor is metabolized and deodorized from a biological filter bed, peculiar smell molecule bodies are omitted from purified gas, trace ozone generated by ultraviolet light is mixed with positive and negative polarity particle fog groups generated by a plasma generator, ozone molecules are instantaneously crushed, positive and negative oxygen particles with geometric multiples increased are generated to permeate in space, and the escaping peculiar smell molecule bodies are quickly oxidized and omitted.
Further, the temperature of the mixed odor discharged by the garbage carbonization kettle is continuously increased to 400 ℃ from the initial 90-100 ℃, and the temperature of the steam in the high-temperature steam spiral mixing tower is not lower than 130 ℃.
Further, in the step 3, the mixed odor which is heated and mixed again is lifted to a high position through negative pressure, and the mixed odor is contacted with a refrigerant for heat exchange by utilizing the principle of downward moving wind and gravity, so that the secondary cooling decoking and dust removal treatment is realized.
Further, the liquid tar produced in the steps 2 and 3 forms a water-in-oil structure by using a liquid whistle ultrasonic emulsification technology, and a heavy oil combustion spray gun is used for combustion to supply energy to the garbage carbonization kettle or other equipment.
Further, in the step 6 of sealing and forcibly condensing the garbage drying odor, water used for the refrigerant is water with stable positive and negative charges of calcium and magnesium ions, a heat exchange medium is stainless steel and radiating fins, and a heat exchange constant is determined according to the withstand voltage base number and the material thickness of the stainless steel, so that the temperature of the dust-free odor is reduced to 35 ℃ after heat exchange according to the conversion of the total condensation heat exchange amount, the required time and the water requirement.
Furthermore, in the self-cleaning type circulating biological bacteria phagocytosis filter bed deodorization procedure in the step 7, the required retention time is at least 36 seconds.
Further, in the UV photolysis and high-energy plasma combined deodorization procedure, the peculiar smell molecule bodies are various long carbon chain bodies, short carbon chain bodies, single molecule bodies, microspores, single cells and the like which are not damaged in the odor, and the peculiar smell molecule bodies are small.
The invention has the following remarkable effects: the process technology of deacidification, decoking and dust removal by a traditional spraying method to generate a large amount of waste water and waste resources, the process technology of deacidification and decoking by a dry method to generate a large amount of waste water and waste resources and the inconvenience caused by burning and cloth bags of waste materials are abandoned, the whole process sealing treatment technology of steam capture decoking, cooling and purifying combustible gas, waste heat garbage dehydration after burning and final biological filter bed deodorization is innovatively applied, and in addition, the mature steam heating, cooling and decoking, combustible gas burning, tail gas waste heat dehydration technology, biological bacteria phage filter bed technology, UV photolysis and high-energy plasma oxidation technology and other deodorization technologies are added, so that comprehensive step-by-step odor removal is carried out, finally, the discharged gas reaches and exceeds the national standard, and zero emission of the whole carbonized garbage production process is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following provides a more detailed description of the embodiments and the operation of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the method for treating the garbage carbonization odor through steam with zero emission comprises the following steps:
crushing the household garbage or aged garbage undersize into 5mm, performing primary heat absorption pre-drying, dehydrating and granulating, feeding into a garbage carbonization kettle, performing secondary heat absorption anaerobic gasification carbonization, and carbonizing the solid into biomass combustible carbon. During the anaerobic gas carbonization process, the mixture is rich in plant fiber, starch, sugar, organic acid ester, flocculant ester and other substances, forms a large amount of natural gas, dust and tar in an anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking environment, except that part of the plant fiber C, H, O releases CO and CO2 through oxidation reduction, the starch, the sugar, the acid, the ester and the like are fermented to generate a large amount of tar and odor, and at the moment, the garbage carbonization kettle is heated to radiate a large amount of anaerobic high temperature to promote various organic matters and inorganic matters to perform secondary physical and chemical reactions due to heat absorption, so that mixed combustible odor containing various organic acids, inorganic acids, volatile oleic acid and water is formed again, and deacidification, decoking, dedusting, deodorization and gas utilization are needed.
Firstly, entering a step 1 and a first-stage steam spiral mixing temperature rise/temperature drop deodorization procedure: the method comprises the steps of discharging tar-containing mixed odor from 90-100 ℃ to 400 ℃ initially from a garbage carbonization kettle, feeding the mixed odor into a pipeline spiral high-temperature steam spiral mixing tower to be mixed with high-temperature steam at 130 ℃ in proportion, instantly absorbing heat of the mixed odor and heating the mixed odor to 130 ℃ to realize first-stage mixed heating, decoking, deodorizing and dedusting treatment, carrying out physical fusion reaction on most of peculiar smells NH3, HS, CH4S and the like in the mixed odor and H20 steam, capturing most of the odor by the steam, and forming SO2 hydroolefine acid and a very small amount of NH3 & H2O due to rich residual water. Because the coking still heats up and discharges the tar gas (cellulose forms) in the exhaust gas subsequently, the spiral air current mixes and makes the steam fog mix with tar gas more evenly, the viscosity change of tar is large along with the temperature change, it is easy to fuse with the organism molecule of peculiar smell, form macromolecule group odor and tar liquid, guarantee the even catching of the latter grade heat exchanger to tar, dust, because of the spiral pipeline heating method, the first grade centrifugal force is because of the steam catches a large amount of liquid tar fog, make the mixed odor homogenize, thermostatization, lay the foundation for the subsequent cooling decoking;
step 2, a first-stage condensation deodorization and constant-temperature tar removal process: carrying out primary cooling, temperature reduction, continuous decoking, dehydration and dust removal treatment on the mixed odor discharged by the high-temperature steam spiral mixing tower, liquefying and condensing the gaseous tar in the mixed odor, and then sending the condensed gaseous tar into a constant-temperature storage;
in the process, the odor channel is designed from top to bottom, a first refrigerant-noncontacting heat exchanger with 220 DN38 thin-wall stainless steel heat exchange tubes is adopted, a tube wall constant temperature mode (about 58 ℃ of tar thermosol flowing temperature) is assisted, and the rapid cooling of the high-temperature mixed odor at the temperature of 130 ℃ is replaced by increasing the contact area. After the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, the pipe wall ensures the liquidity of the liquid tar in a constant temperature mode, the liquid tar flows into a special constant temperature storage in the process of rapid condensation, then the waste water generated by cooling the ginger text and the tar are emulsified by liquid whistle type ultrasonic waves, and the heavy fuel oil is used for combustion and spraying to supplement the energy requirement of the carbonization kettle, thereby realizing the perfect utilization of the waste water and the tar.
Step 3, a second-stage steam spiral mixing and tar removing process: sending the mixed odor subjected to the first-stage cooling and decoking treatment into a high-temperature steam spiral mixing tower to be subjected to secondary heating/cooling mixing with high-temperature steam at 130 ℃ in proportion, and performing secondary cooling, decoking, dust removal and dehydration treatment to enable tar mist escaping from the first-stage cooling to be captured by the steam again, and sending liquefied and condensed liquid tar into a constant-temperature storage;
in the process, the odor channel is designed from top to bottom, a second refrigerant-noncontacting heat exchanger with 60 DN38 thin-wall stainless steel heat exchange tubes is adopted, and a mode of keeping the temperature of the tube walls constant (about 58 ℃ of the flowing temperature of tar thermosol) is adopted. Because of the participation of the low-temperature water circulation at 45-48 ℃, the viscosity of tar in the mixed odor is increased again after the temperature of the mixed odor is reduced to 50 ℃, so that a large amount of flowing oil drops and water drops are formed on the contact surface of the tar and the waste gas entering the cooling pipeline instantly, and more tar and a small amount of condensed water are discharged again due to the principle of downward moving wind and inertial gravity.
Through step 2 and step 3 the technical means, furthest lets steam fully mutually dissolve with mixed foul smell (later stage high temperature drying petroleum coke environment, the steam humidification catches the burnt effect and is showing) in high humid environment to make full use of whirl intensification increases and mixes the mutually soluble contact chance of foul smell, lets steam accomplish the seizure to tar, dust. Because the process of secondary steam mixing and secondary gradual cooling is adopted, tar and dust are attached to steam to the maximum extent, large and small particle oil drops of synthetic tar are generated after cooling, and then enter a constant-temperature storage device after constant-temperature fluidity is maintained, so that primary and secondary deodorization treatment of mixed odor is realized.
Step 4, decoking combustible gas recycling process: after the dust-free combustible odor generated by secondary capture, secondary cooling decoking and dehydration of steam (most of mixed natural gas such as CO, CH4, H and the like discharged by a carbonization kettle) is subjected to steam dust removal, decoking, deacidification and purification, the combustible gas is input into a pressure stabilizing tank by a Roots negative pressure pump, and the combustible odor with certain pressure and stability is connected into a combustible gas combustion system of a garbage carbonization kettle for combustion and utilization, so that the effects of recycling and deodorizing waste gas are achieved, and the third-stage deodorization treatment of the mixed odor is realized;
step 5, a waste heat utilization process of the high-temperature tail gas: the process is that after the combustible odor is decoked, dedusted, deacidified, dehydrated and purified, pressurized and stably combusted, the generated high-temperature waste gas with the temperature of more than 300 ℃ is sent into a garbage carbonization kettle in a fully sealed mode to dry and dehydrate the garbage crushed into small particles, and a large amount of waste gas (odor) is generated in the process, and because the waste gas does not contain tar, the follow-up processes only need to be decoked, cooled, dewatered and deodorized;
the high-temperature tail gas at 300 ℃ after being heated and combusted exchanges heat with garbage particles in the dryer, and the high temperature has the effects of sterilization and disinfection.
Step 6, sealing and forcibly condensing the garbage drying odor: the odor generated by drying and dehydrating the garbage is mainly water vapor, is mixed with various peculiar smell waste gases such as HS, C02, CO, methyl mercaptan and the like, and is condensed, cooled and dehydrated by adopting a non-contact refrigerant heat exchange mode, and the temperature of the odor is reduced to 35 ℃;
in the working procedure, the refrigerant selective water is calcium and magnesium ion stable positive and negative charge water, the heat exchange medium selects stainless steel and radiating fins, and the heat exchange constant is determined by the pressure-resistant base number of the stainless steel and the material thickness, so that the total condensation heat exchange amount, the required time and the water demand are converted, the temperature of dust-free odor is reduced to 60 ℃ after heat exchange, little condensed odor water is generated by cooling and condensation of the odor steam, and the odor steam is sent into a sewage circulating purification system for harmless emission after electric flocculation treatment, or is used for baking-free brick-making water, and fourth-stage odor treatment is realized.
Step 7, a self-cleaning type circulating biological bacteria phage filter bed deodorization procedure: carrying out alkaline water washing, dust cleaning and deacidification on the dust-free odor which is condensed, cooled and dehydrated and has the temperature reaching a control point of 60 ℃, further reducing the odor to 35 ℃, realizing fifth-stage deodorization treatment, entering a self-cleaning type circulating biological bacteria phagocytosis filter bed, filtering layer by layer through a biological active hypha hair structure, ensuring that waste odors such as HS, C02, CO, NH3 and the like stay for more than 36 seconds from an inlet to an outlet, and at the time, secreting collagen by bacteria, adsorbing odor molecules passing through organic carbon chains and ammonia nitrogen at the periphery of the collagen, and carrying out cyclic metabolism of a life maintenance system by using the odor as a carbon source through special digestive enzymes of various strains, thereby completing the removal of the odor and realizing sixth-stage odor treatment (the first-stage odor elimination with the largest load);
in the step, the dehydrated odor is condensed to a dust-free odor of about 60 ℃, and then washed with water againAfter dust removal and deacidification, performing biological bacteria phagocytosis deodorization, wherein the basic reaction formula is as follows: malodorous gas + O2 MicroorganismsCellular metabolites + CO2+H2And O. However, the malodorous gas has different components and different decomposition products, and different microorganisms have different decomposition and metabolism products. Therefore, the dust-free odor must be retained for 36 seconds or more to ensure that the sericin body secreted by the phage can adsorb odor molecules as much as possible. Meanwhile, when the PH of the deacidification solution recycled for a long time is between 4 and 6, the solution is recycled after neutralization and purification treatment by adding alkali.
In this process, the odor follows the reaction formula-malodor + O2 MicroorganismsCellular metabolites + CO2+H2O-reaction, after the bacterial phage secretes the collagen of the silk wool to be adsorbed, carbon is taken as basic life metabolic energy through special enzyme, the microbial flora and the insect flora in the box carry out self-circulation metabolism, after a period of time, when the deposition standard exceeding detector of the metabolite of the insect flora alarms, the nutrient solution and the self-circulation spraying are automatically controlled to carry out water washing, mixed solution containing various metabolites of the insect flora is washed, and the metabolite is recycled through flora self-reproduction restoration.
In the specific implementation, the malodorous gas has different components and different decomposition products, and different microorganisms have different catabolic products. For nitrogen-free organic materials such as phenol, carboxylic acids, formaldehyde, etc., the final products are carbon dioxide and water; for sulfur-type malodorous components, the sulfur-type malodorous components are oxidized and decomposed into sulfate ions and sulfur under aerobic conditions; for nitrogen-containing malodorous substances such as amines, NH is released by ammoniation3，NH3Can be oxidized into nitrite ions by nitrite bacteria, and then is further oxidized into nitrate ions by nitrifying bacteria, and finally H2O and CO2 are generated, namely the sixth-level odor treatment is realized.
Energy metabolism mode:
step 8, a UV photolysis and high-energy plasma combined deodorization procedure: after the odor is metabolized and deodorized from the biological filter bed, the odor molecular bodies in the purified gas are discharged, trace ozone generated by ultraviolet light is mixed with positive and negative polarity particle fog groups generated by a plasma generator, ozone molecules are instantaneously crushed to generate positive and negative oxygen particles with geometric multiples, the positive and negative oxygen particles are diffused in the space, and the escaping odor molecular bodies are quickly oxidized and omitted, so that the seventh-level odor treatment is realized;
in the working procedure, the self-cleaning type circulating biological bacteria phage filter bed does not catch various peculiar smell molecular bodies which are missed in the exhaust gas, the ozone is sent into high-energy plasma deodorization equipment under the pushing of negative pressure air, and the high-energy plasma deodorization equipment is arranged every 1cm3The ozone generator can generate 1000 ten thousand positive ions and 800 ten thousand negative ions, a small amount of ozone molecules in the channel are scattered in the channel and collide with a large amount of positive ions and negative ions which are equally released in the air to generate secondary activation, the ozone is excited to generate more ionized oxygen in the air, and a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and active oxygen ion field environments in the space are formed to oxidize and decompose peculiar smell organic molecules passing through the space, and the ozone generator also has wall breaking oxidizability on protein molecule groups, can fully decompose various group or chain peculiar smell pollutants in the air and oxidize the various group or chain peculiar smell pollutants into harmless and tasteless C02, H20 and N0 molecules, thereby thoroughly achieving the purpose of eliminating the peculiar smell molecule in the air.
TiO2Ozone and OH (hydroxyl radical) generated by the reaction carry out a synergistic decomposition oxidation reaction on malodorous gas (hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and mercaptan), and meanwhile, the molecular chain of the malodorous gas is structurally broken into whole chain under the action of ultraviolet rays, so that the malodorous gas is converted into a small molecular compound without odor or mineralized to generate water and CO2(ii) a Photolysis reaction mode:
organic waste gas → Wei wave + photolysis + O2→ O- + O (active oxygen) O +O2→CO2+H2O。
In this example, the odor molecule is various long carbon chain bodies, short carbon chain bodies, single molecule bodies, microspores, single cells and the like which are not damaged in the odor, and the odor molecule bodies are small.
The invention abandons the process technology of deacidification, decoking and dust removal by the traditional spraying method to generate a large amount of waste water and waste resources, the advanced dry deacidification and decoking technology (mixed calcium tar powder needs to be burnt by a furnace and waste cloth bags need to be treated), innovatively applies secondary steam heating/cooling to capture tar, dust, secondary cooling dust removal and decoking technology, combustible gas recycling technology, tail gas waste heat utilization technology and the like, and combines odor removal by adding a series of deodorization technologies such as mature heat exchange cooling technology, combustible gas burning technology, waste heat rotary kiln drying and dehydration technology, biological filter bed technology, UV photolysis + high-energy plasma oxidation technology and the like, thereby realizing the decoking and dust removal purification, waste heat utilization and odor re-treatment of high-temperature odor discharged from a garbage final treatment thermal cracking kettle, finally realizing that the discharged gas reaches the national standard, and realizing the fixation, dry deacidification and decoking of the whole process, And liquid and gas are completely zero discharged.
The technical solution provided by the present invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A zero-emission method for treating garbage carbonization odor through steam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, a first-stage steam spiral mixing heating, cooling and deodorizing process: feeding the mixed odor containing tar discharged from the garbage carbonization kettle into a high-temperature steam spiral mixing tower to be mixed with steam in proportion, performing initial first-stage mixing heating, decoking, deodorizing and dedusting treatment, and continuously performing mixing cooling, decoking, deodorizing and dedusting treatment in the subsequent middle and high-temperature odor discharge process;
the temperature of the mixed odor discharged by the garbage carbonization kettle is continuously increased to 400 ℃ from the initial temperature of 90-100 ℃, and the temperature of the steam in the high-temperature steam spiral mixing tower is not lower than 130 ℃;
step 2, a first-stage condensation deodorization and constant-temperature tar removal process: carrying out primary cooling, cooling and decoking treatment on mixed odor discharged by the high-temperature steam spiral mixing tower, liquefying and condensing gaseous tar, and then sending the condensed gaseous tar into a constant-temperature storage;
step 3, a second-stage steam spiral mixing and tar removing process: sending the mixed odor subjected to the first-stage cooling and decoking treatment into a high-temperature steam spiral mixing tower for secondary heating and mixing, performing second-stage cooling and decoking, dust removing/dewatering treatment, and sending liquefied and condensed liquid tar into a constant-temperature storage;
step 4, decoking combustible gas recycling process: stabilizing the dust-free combustible odor obtained in the step (3) by pressure stabilizing equipment, and then feeding the dust-free combustible odor into a combustible gas combustion system of a garbage carbonization kettle for combustion utilization;
step 5, a waste heat utilization process of the high-temperature tail gas: drying and dehydrating the garbage crushed into small particles sent into the garbage carbonization kettle by high-temperature tail gas discharged after the garbage carbonization kettle is combusted;
step 6, sealing and forcibly condensing the garbage drying odor: condensing, cooling and dehydrating odor generated by drying and dehydrating garbage in a non-contact refrigerant heat exchange mode;
step 7, a self-cleaning type circulating biological bacteria phage filter bed deodorization procedure: sending the dust-free odor subjected to condensation cooling and dehydration treatment into a self-cleaning circulating biological bacteria filter bed for biological metabolism deodorization after alkali washing, dust removal and deacidification;
step 8, a UV photolysis and high-energy plasma combined deodorization procedure: after odor is metabolized and deodorized from a biological filter bed, peculiar smell molecule bodies are omitted from purified gas, trace ozone generated by ultraviolet light is mixed with positive and negative polarity particle fog groups generated by a plasma generator, ozone molecules are instantaneously crushed, positive and negative oxygen particles with geometric multiples are generated to permeate in space, and the escaping peculiar smell molecule bodies are quickly oxidized and omitted.
2. The method for zero-emission steam treatment of garbage carbonization odor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and 3, raising the mixed odor subjected to secondary heating up to a high position through negative pressure, and performing contact heat exchange between the mixed odor and a refrigerant by utilizing a downward moving wind and gravity principle to realize secondary cooling decoking and dust removal treatment.
3. The zero-emission method for treating the carbonization odor of the garbage by steam according to any one of the claims 1 to 2, is characterized in that: and (3) forming a water-in-oil structure by utilizing a liquid whistle ultrasonic emulsification technology for the liquid tar generated in the step (2) and the step (3), and burning by adopting a heavy oil burning spray gun to supply energy to the garbage carbonization kettle or other equipment.
4. The method for zero-emission steam treatment of garbage carbonization odor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 6, in the garbage drying odor sealing forced condensation process, water for the refrigerant is selected as calcium and magnesium ion stable positive and negative charge water, a heat exchange medium is selected from stainless steel and radiating fins, and a heat exchange constant is determined according to the withstand voltage base number of the stainless steel and the thickness of the materials, so that the temperature of the dust-free odor is reduced to 35 ℃ after heat exchange according to the conversion of the total condensation heat exchange amount, the required time and the water requirement.
5. The method for zero-emission steam treatment of garbage carbonization odor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the self-cleaning type circulating biological bacteria-phage filter bed deodorization procedure in the step 7, the required retention time is at least 36 seconds.
6. The method for zero-emission steam treatment of garbage carbonization odor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the UV photolysis and high-energy plasma combined deodorization procedure, the peculiar smell molecule bodies are various long carbon chain bodies, short carbon chain bodies, single molecule bodies, microspores, single cells and peculiar smell molecule bodies which are not damaged in the odor.
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| CN212293435U (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-01-05 | 烟台通一环保科技有限公司 | Waste gas recycling device for carbonization furnace |
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| JP2001299898A (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2001-10-30 | Takashi Enkawa | Waste treating system |
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| CN109201701A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-01-15 | 广州科威环保工程有限公司 | A kind of waste gas treatment process applied to domestic garbage treating system |
| CN210069842U (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-02-14 | 张兵 | Low-nitrogen combustion control device of gas boiler |
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