CN113541516A - Unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on IGCT (integrated gate commutated thyristor) and control method - Google Patents
Unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on IGCT (integrated gate commutated thyristor) and control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/505—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/515—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/521—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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Abstract
The invention provides an IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter and a control method thereof, wherein the multilevel converter comprises a plurality of bridge arms, each bridge arm comprises a plurality of identical sub-modules, and each sub-module comprises: an IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module (1); a drive power supply (2); a buffer circuit (3); a voltage clipping circuit (4); a DC capacitor (5); a balanced discharge circuit (6); a current collection circuit (8); a sub-module controller (9). The unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT realizes the functions of self-clearing of direct-current faults, direct-current voltage conversion operation, power inversion and the like, has the advantages of low loss and low economic cost, overcomes the defects of other structures, and can be widely applied to a flexible direct-current transmission system or a hybrid direct-current transmission system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and particularly relates to a unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on an Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) and a control method thereof.
Background
Flexible dc transmission has become the most potential new power transmission mode at present, and has been applied to large-capacity power transmission systems.
The modular multilevel converter is the most mainstream topological structure adopted by the flexible direct current transmission at present. Most of the existing flexible direct-current transmission projects adopt a conventional half-bridge modular multilevel converter based on an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), but the half-bridge modular multilevel converter has great difficulty in realizing direct-current fault clearing, a direct-current voltage-to-voltage operation mode, power inversion and the like, and has the defects of high loss and economic cost in system operation.
IGCT-based half-bridge modular multilevel converters have been proposed to further reduce the operating losses and reduce the economic cost compared to conventional IGBT-based half-bridge modular multilevel converters. However, the half-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT does not have a function of self-clearing a dc fault when the dc short circuit fault occurs in the overhead line of the dc system, and thus has a poor capability of resisting the dc short circuit fault. In addition, for a hybrid direct-current transmission system composed of a power grid commutation converter and a modular multilevel converter, when online power inversion is required, the half-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT cannot realize continuous forward and reverse conversion and regulation of direct-current voltage.
In the prior art, in order to achieve the purposes of fault ride-through and polarity inversion of a direct current transmission system, a full-bridge modular multilevel converter is required, a sub-module of the converter is structured as shown in fig. 1, the number of power devices required by the sub-module is large, and the operation loss is also large.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on IGCT.
The invention relates to a unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on IGCT, which comprises a plurality of bridge arms, wherein each bridge arm comprises a plurality of identical submodules,
each of the sub-modules includes: an IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module (1); a drive power supply (2); a buffer circuit (3); a voltage clipping circuit (4); a DC capacitor (5); a balanced discharge circuit (6); a current collection circuit (8); a sub-module controller (9),
wherein the IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module (1); a drive power supply (2); a buffer circuit (3); a voltage clipping circuit (4); a DC capacitor (5); the balance discharge circuits (6) are connected in sequence;
the IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module (1) is connected to the current acquisition circuit (8);
the IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module (1), the voltage acquisition circuit (4), the balance discharge circuit (6) and the current acquisition circuit (8) are all connected to the sub-module controller (9).
Further, in the present invention,
the IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module (1) comprises IGCTs S1 and S2 and two switch tubes D1 and D2,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the anode of the IGCT S1 is connected to the second electrode of the switch tube D1, and the cathode of the IGCT S1 is connected to the second electrode of the switch tube D2;
the anode of the IGCT S2 is connected to the first electrode of the switch tube D1, and the cathode of the IGCT S2 is connected to the first electrode of the switch tube D2.
Further, in the present invention,
the cathode of the IGCT S1 is connected to the gate drive GDU1 of the IGCT S1;
the cathode of the IGCT S2 is connected to the gate drive GDU2 of the IGCT S2.
Further, in the present invention,
the input end of the driving power supply (2) is connected with an external power supply;
different output ends of the driving power supply (2) are respectively connected with the input ends of the gate drive GDU1 and the GDU 2.
Further, in the present invention,
the buffer circuit (3) comprises an anodic reactance, i.e. an inductance LAThe buffer circuit (3) further comprises a resistor RASwitch tube DACapacitor CCL，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the inductance LAAnd the switching tube DAAre connected in series to form a series structure, and the series structure and the resistor R are connected in seriesAIn parallel, the inductance LAIs connected to the resistor RAOne end of said inductor LAIs connected to the switching tube D at the other endAThe first electrode of (1), the switching tube DAIs connected with the anode of the IGCT S1, and the switching tube DAAnd the second electrode of (C) and the capacitor (C)CLAnd the resistor RAIs connected to the other end of the capacitor CCLAnd the other end of the anode is connected to the cathode of the IGCT S2.
Further, in the present invention,
the voltage acquisition circuit (4) is formed by connecting a voltage dividing resistor RVD and a voltage sensor LVD in series, the voltage acquisition circuit (4) is connected with the buffer circuit (3) and the direct current capacitor (5) in parallel,
one end of the voltage dividing resistor RVD is connected to the inductor LAAnd the resistance RAOne end of the voltage dividing resistor RVD is also connected to the positive electrode of the direct current capacitor (5);
the other end of the voltage dividing resistor RVD is connected to one end of the voltage sensor LVDThe other end of the voltage sensor LVD is connected to the capacitor CCLAnd the other end of the capacitor (5) and the negative electrode of the direct current capacitor;
and the result output end of the voltage sensor LVD is connected to a current and voltage sampling interface of the sub-module controller (9).
Further, in the present invention,
the direct current capacitor (5) is formed by connecting 1 or more capacitors in series and parallel.
Further, in the present invention,
the balance discharge circuit (6) is connected in series by a discharge resistor RFD and an electronic switch SFD, and the balance discharge circuit (6) is connected in parallel with the direct current capacitor (5),
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
one end of the discharge resistor RFD is connected to the positive electrode of the direct current capacitor (5);
the other end of the discharge resistor RFD is connected to a first electrode of the electronic switch SFD;
the second electrode of the electronic switch SFD is connected to the negative electrode of the direct current capacitor (5).
Further, in the present invention,
the electronic switch SFD may be one of the following devices: a transistor, a thyristor, a field effect transistor and a relay;
when the electronic switch SFD is a transistor, a first electrode of the electronic switch SFD is a collector, and a second electrode is an emitter;
when the electronic switch SFD is a thyristor, a first electrode of the electronic switch SFD is an anode, and a second electrode of the electronic switch SFD is a cathode;
when the electronic switch SFD is a field effect transistor, a first electrode of the electronic switch SFD is a source electrode, and a second electrode of the electronic switch SFD is a drain electrode;
when the electronic switch SFD is a relay, the first electrode of the electronic switch SFD is an input end, and the second electrode is an output end.
Further, in the present invention,
each sub-module further comprises a bypass switch (7), the bypass switch (7) being a mechanical switch or a semiconductor switch.
Further, in the present invention,
the current acquisition circuit (8) comprises 1 or more current sensors,
the IGCTs S2 and IGCT S1 are each connected to a main loop interface through the current sensor.
Further, in the present invention,
the current acquisition circuit (8) comprises current sensors LD1 and LD2,
one end of the current sensor LD1 is connected to the anode of the IGCT S2, and the other end of the current sensor LD1 is connected to the main loop interface;
one end of the current sensor LD2 is connected to the cathode of the IGCT S1, and the other end of the current sensor LD2 is connected to the other main loop interface;
the resulting outputs of the current sensors LD1 and LD2 are connected to the current-voltage sampling interface of the sub-module controller (9).
Further, in the present invention,
the sub-module controller (9) is connected with the main controller through an optical fiber and a controller interface;
the sub-module controller (9) is connected with and controls the electronic switch SFD of the balance discharge circuit (6) through an optical fiber;
the sub-module controller (9) is connected to the voltage sensor LVD and the result output ends of the current sensors LD1 and LD2 through a current-voltage sampling interface;
the sub-module controller (9) is connected to the gate drives GDU1 and GDU2 of the IGCTS1 and S2 through drive and return interfaces and optical fibers.
Further, in the present invention,
the switch tubes D1, D2 and DAAre all power diodes or thyristors;
the switch tubes D1, D2 and DAThe first electrodes of the anode are anodes;
the switch tubes D1, D2 and DAThe second electrodes of (a) are both cathodes.
The invention also provides a control method of the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT, which comprises the following steps:
I. and controlling the IGCT S1 and the IGCT S in the submodule to be switched on and off so as to control the output voltage of the submodule port.
Further, in the present invention,
the step I comprises at least one of the following steps I1-I4:
i1, controlling the IGCT S1 and IGCT S2 to be turned off simultaneously, so that the output voltage of the sub-module port is E;
i2, controlling the IGCT S1 to be switched on, and simultaneously switching the IGCT S2 off, so that the output voltage of the sub-module port is 0;
i3, controlling the IGCT S1 to be turned off, and simultaneously controlling the IGCT S2 to be turned on, so that the output voltage of the sub-module port is 0;
i4, controlling the IGCT S1 and IGCT S2 to be conducted simultaneously, so that the output voltage of the sub-module port is-E,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
e is the rated direct current voltage on the direct current capacitor (5).
Further, in the present invention,
if the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT is formed by sequentially connecting N sub-modules in series through port terminals of the sub-modules, and N is an integer greater than 1, the rated direct-current voltage E on the direct-current capacitor (5) meets the following requirements:
The unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT can realize the functions of self clearing of direct current faults, direct current voltage transformation operation, power inversion and the like, has the advantages of low loss and low economic cost, overcomes the defects of other structures, and can be widely applied to a future flexible direct current transmission system or a hybrid direct current transmission system.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a prior art full bridge modular multilevel converter;
fig. 2 shows an IGCT based unidirectional full bridge modular multilevel converter according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows a sub-module structure in each leg of the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on IGCT according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a first control mode and voltage output state diagram of sub-modules in each bridge arm of the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 shows a second control mode and voltage output state diagram of sub-modules in each bridge arm of the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 shows a third diagram of the control mode and voltage output state of the sub-module in each bridge arm of the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 shows a fourth diagram of the control mode and the voltage output state of the sub-module in each bridge arm of the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT can be a three-phase circuit or a single-phase circuit. The three-phase circuit comprises 6 bridge arms, the single-phase circuit comprises 4 bridge arms, and each bridge arm is provided with n identical submodules. As shown in fig. 2, the three-phase circuit has identical sub-modules as shown in fig. 2: SMap1 … SMapn, SMbp1 … SMbpn, SMcp1 … SMcpn, SMan1 … SMann, SMbn1 … SMbnn, SMcn1 … SMcnn.
Fig. 3 shows a specific structure of the sub-modules, each of which includes: an IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module 1; a drive power supply 2; a buffer circuit 3; a voltage clipping circuit 4; a direct current capacitor 5; a balanced discharge circuit 6; a bypass switch 7; a current collection circuit 8; and a sub-module controller 9.
Wherein:
1) the IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module 1 is composed of two IGCTs (i.e., S1 and S2) and two diodes (i.e., D1 and D2): the anode of S1 was connected to the cathode of D1, the cathode of S1 was connected to the cathode of D2 and the gate of S1 driven GDU1, the anode of S2 was connected to the anode of D1, the cathode of S2 was connected to the anode of D2 and the gate of S2 driven GDU 2.
2) The driving power supply 2 may be two independent power supplies having one output terminal (e.g., CPS1 and CPS2 in fig. 3), or may be 1 independent power supply having two output terminals. The input terminal of the driving power supply 2 is connected with an external power supply, and the output terminal of the driving power supply 2 is connected with the input terminals of the gate drivers GDU1 and GDU2 of S1 and S2, respectively.
3) The snubber circuit 3 includes an anode reactance (i.e., an inductance L)A) Resistance RADiode DACapacitor CCLInductance LAAnd diode DAConnected in series to form a series structure, the series structure and the resistorRAParallel connection, inductance LAIs connected to a resistor RAOne terminal of (1), inductance LAIs connected to a diode D at the other endAPositive electrode of (2), DAIs simultaneously connected to the anode of IGCT S1, DANegative electrode and resistor RAAnother terminal of (1) and a capacitor CCLAre connected to one end of CCLAnd the other end is connected to the cathode of IGCT S2.
Devices D1, D2, and D in the present applicationABut also thyristors.
4) Voltage acquisition circuit 4 is connected in series by divider resistance RVD and voltage sensor LVD and constitutes, and voltage acquisition circuit 4 and buffer circuit 3 and direct current capacitance 5 parallel connection: one end of the voltage dividing resistor RVD is connected to the inductor LAAnd a resistor RAOne end of the capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current capacitor 5; the other end of the voltage dividing resistor RVD is connected to one end of a voltage sensor LVD, and the other end of the voltage sensor LVD is connected to the capacitor CCLAnd the other end of the capacitor and the negative electrode of the dc capacitor 5. The resulting output of the voltage sensor LVD is connected to the current-voltage sampling interface of the sub-module controller 9.
5) The direct current capacitor 5 is formed by connecting 1 or more capacitors in series and in parallel, and the direct current capacitor 5 in the figure 3 is formed by connecting capacitors CD1-CD4 in parallel;
6) the balance discharge circuit 6 is connected in series by a discharge resistor RFD and an electronic switch SFD, and is connected in parallel with the direct current capacitor 5. The electronic switch SFD may be a transistor, one end of the discharge resistor RFD is connected to the positive electrode of the dc capacitor 5, the other end of the discharge resistor RFD is connected to the first electrode of the electronic switch SFD, and the second electrode of the electronic switch SFD is connected to the negative electrode of the dc capacitor 5, wherein the electronic switch SFD may also be a thyristor, a field effect transistor, a relay, or other devices; when the electronic switch SFD is a transistor, a first electrode of the electronic switch SFD is a collector, and a second electrode is an emitter; when the electronic switch SFD is a thyristor, the first electrode of the electronic switch SFD is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode; when the electronic switch SFD is a field effect transistor, the first electrode of the electronic switch SFD is a source electrode, and the second electrode of the electronic switch SFD is a drain electrode; when the electronic switch SFD is a relay, the first electrode of the electronic switch SFD is an input terminal, and the second electrode is an output terminal.
7) The bypass switch 7 may be a mechanical switch or a semiconductor switch. The bypass switch 7 may be provided or removed.
8) The current acquisition circuit 8 consists of 1 or more current sensors, the current acquisition circuit 8 in fig. 3 comprises two current sensors LD1 and LD2, one end of LD1 is connected to the anode of IGCT S2, and the other end of LD1 is connected to the main loop interface; one end of the LD2 is connected to the cathode of the IGCT S1, and the other end of the LD2 is connected to the main loop interface. The resulting outputs of the current sensors LD1 and LD2 are connected to the current-voltage sampling interface of the sub-module controller 9.
9) The sub-module controller 9 is connected with the main controller through an optical fiber and a controller interface, meanwhile, the sub-module controller 9 controls an electronic switch SFD of the balanced discharge circuit 6 through the optical fiber, receives output signals of a voltage sensor LVD and current sensors LD1 and LD2 through a current-voltage sampling interface, and drives a GDU1 and a GDU2 through a gate connected to IGCTS1 and S2 through a driving and returning interface and the optical fiber, so that the sub-module controller 9 can control the driving and the turn-off of the IGCTs S1 and S2 and can also receive state signals of the IGCTs1 and S2.
Referring to fig. 4 to 7 (in fig. 4 to 7, C is a dc capacitor 5, and E is a rated dc voltage E on the dc capacitor 5), the following describes in detail the operating principle and the operating process of the sub-module (hereinafter referred to as the unidirectional current type full-bridge sub-module) in each bridge arm of the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on IGCT of the present invention:
the rated voltage of a direct current circuit of the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT is set to be UdcIf the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter bridge arm of the invention is formed by connecting N unidirectional current type full-bridge submodules in series in sequence through the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 of the port thereof (N is an integer greater than 1), the rated dc voltage E on the dc capacitor 5 in each unidirectional current type full-bridge submodule can be represented as follows:
the current of the bridge arm of the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter always flows into the unidirectional current type full-bridge submodule from a first terminal T1 and flows out from a second terminal T2, and the control method and the voltage output state of the unidirectional current type full-bridge submodule are as follows:
A) controlling the IGCT S1 to turn off, and the IGCT S2 to turn off, as shown in fig. 4, the current circulation line in the unidirectional current type full bridge submodule is: t1 → D1 → C → D2 → T2, the output voltage of the unidirectional current type full bridge submodule port is E;
B) controlling the IGCT S1 to be on and the IGCT S2 to be off, as shown in fig. 5, the current circulation line in the unidirectional current type full bridge submodule is: t1 → D1 → S1 → T2, the output voltage of the unidirectional current type full bridge submodule port is 0;
C) controlling the IGCT S1 to turn off and the IGCT S2 to turn on, as shown in fig. 6, the current flowing line in the unidirectional current type full bridge submodule is: t1 → S2 → D2 → T2, the output voltage of the unidirectional current type full bridge submodule port is 0;
D) controlling the IGCT S1 and IGCT S2 to be turned on, as shown in fig. 7, the current flowing line in the unidirectional current type full-bridge submodule is: t1 → S2 → C → S1 → T2, the output voltage of the unidirectional current type full bridge sub-module port is-E.
As mentioned above, the ports of the IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module can output three voltage states of E, 0 and E.
According to the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT, the voltage control of the IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module can realize self-clearing of direct-current faults, large-range voltage regulation and polarity inversion, and meanwhile, the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter is easy to realize in engineering. Compared with the output voltage of the submodule of the conventional technology which is only E and 0, the output voltage of the unidirectional current type full-bridge submodule based on the IGCT can be regulated in a wider range; in the aspect of polarity inversion, because the output voltage of the sub-module can be positive or negative, the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT can control the output voltage of the sub-module, so that the voltage of the converter is inverted from positive to negative; when a direct current fault occurs, an alternating current power grid connected with the multilevel converter injects fault current to a direct current fault point due to an uncontrolled rectification effect, and at the moment, the voltage of the converter can be equal to or greater than alternating current voltage at the side of an alternating current power grid through controlling the output voltage of the submodule of the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT, so that the fault current can be gradually attenuated, and the direct current fault self-clearing is realized.
The number of power devices required by the existing full-bridge modular multilevel converter for realizing fault ride-through and polarity reversal of a direct-current transmission system is twice that of the scheme of the invention, and meanwhile, the operation loss is also twice that of the scheme of the invention. Compared with the full-bridge modular multilevel converter, the invention realizes fault ride-through and polarity reversal of a direct current transmission system with higher performance, lower loss and lower economic cost.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. The unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT is characterized by comprising a plurality of bridge arms, wherein each bridge arm comprises a plurality of identical sub-modules,
each of the sub-modules includes: an IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module (1); a drive power supply (2); a buffer circuit (3); a voltage clipping circuit (4); a DC capacitor (5); a balanced discharge circuit (6); a current collection circuit (8); a sub-module controller (9),
wherein the IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module (1); a drive power supply (2); a buffer circuit (3); a voltage clipping circuit (4); a DC capacitor (5); the balance discharge circuits (6) are connected in sequence;
the IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module (1) is connected to the current acquisition circuit (8);
the IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module (1), the voltage acquisition circuit (4), the balance discharge circuit (6) and the current acquisition circuit (8) are all connected to the sub-module controller (9).
2. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 1,
the IGCT unidirectional full-bridge module (1) comprises IGCTs S1 and S2 and two switch tubes D1 and D2,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the anode of the IGCT S1 is connected to the second electrode of the switch tube D1, and the cathode of the IGCT S1 is connected to the second electrode of the switch tube D2;
the anode of the IGCT S2 is connected to the first electrode of the switch tube D1, and the cathode of the IGCT S2 is connected to the first electrode of the switch tube D2.
3. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 2,
the cathode of the IGCT S1 is connected to the gate drive GDU1 of the IGCT S1;
the cathode of the IGCT S2 is connected to the gate drive GDU2 of the IGCT S2.
4. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 3,
the input end of the driving power supply (2) is connected with an external power supply;
different output ends of the driving power supply (2) are respectively connected with the input ends of the gate drive GDU1 and the GDU 2.
5. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 2,
the buffer circuit (3) comprises an anodic reactance, i.e. an inductance LAThe buffer circuit (3) further comprises a resistor RASwitch tube DACapacitor CCL，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the inductance LAAnd the switching tube DAAre connected in series to form a series structure, and the series structure and the resistor R are connected in seriesAIn parallel, the inductance LAIs connected to the resistor RAOne end of said inductor LAIs connected to the switching tube D at the other endAThe first electrode of (1), the switching tube DAIs connected with the anode of the IGCT S1, and the switching tube DAAnd the second electrode of (C) and the capacitor (C)CLAnd the resistor RAIs connected to the other end of the capacitor CCLAnd the other end of the anode is connected to the cathode of the IGCT S2.
6. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 5,
the voltage acquisition circuit (4) is formed by connecting a voltage dividing resistor RVD and a voltage sensor LVD in series, the voltage acquisition circuit (4) is connected with the buffer circuit (3) and the direct current capacitor (5) in parallel,
one end of the voltage dividing resistor RVD is connected to the inductor LAAnd the resistance RAOne end of the voltage dividing resistor RVD is also connected to the positive electrode of the direct current capacitor (5);
the other end of the voltage dividing resistor RVD is connected to one end of the voltage sensor LVD, and the other end of the voltage sensor LVD is connected to the capacitor CCLAnd the other end of the capacitor (5) and the negative electrode of the direct current capacitor;
and the result output end of the voltage sensor LVD is connected to a current and voltage sampling interface of the sub-module controller (9).
7. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 1,
the direct current capacitor (5) is formed by connecting 1 or more capacitors in series and parallel.
8. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 6 or 7,
the balance discharge circuit (6) is connected in series by a discharge resistor RFD and an electronic switch SFD, and the balance discharge circuit (6) is connected in parallel with the direct current capacitor (5),
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
one end of the discharge resistor RFD is connected to the positive electrode of the direct current capacitor (5);
the other end of the discharge resistor RFD is connected to a first electrode of the electronic switch SFD;
the second electrode of the electronic switch SFD is connected to the negative electrode of the direct current capacitor (5).
9. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 1,
the electronic switch SFD may be one of the following devices: a transistor, a thyristor, a field effect transistor and a relay;
when the electronic switch SFD is a transistor, a first electrode of the electronic switch SFD is a collector, and a second electrode is an emitter;
when the electronic switch SFD is a thyristor, a first electrode of the electronic switch SFD is an anode, and a second electrode of the electronic switch SFD is a cathode;
when the electronic switch SFD is a field effect transistor, a first electrode of the electronic switch SFD is a source electrode, and a second electrode of the electronic switch SFD is a drain electrode;
when the electronic switch SFD is a relay, the first electrode of the electronic switch SFD is an input end, and the second electrode is an output end.
10. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 1,
each sub-module further comprises a bypass switch (7), the bypass switch (7) being a mechanical switch or a semiconductor switch.
11. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 8,
the current acquisition circuit (8) comprises 1 or more current sensors,
the IGCTs S2 and IGCT S1 are each connected to a main loop interface through the current sensor.
12. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 11,
the current acquisition circuit (8) comprises current sensors LD1 and LD2,
one end of the current sensor LD1 is connected to the anode of the IGCT S2, and the other end of the current sensor LD1 is connected to the main loop interface;
one end of the current sensor LD2 is connected to the cathode of the IGCT S1, and the other end of the current sensor LD2 is connected to the other main loop interface;
the resulting outputs of the current sensors LD1 and LD2 are connected to the current-voltage sampling interface of the sub-module controller (9).
13. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 12,
the sub-module controller (9) is connected with the main controller through an optical fiber and a controller interface;
the sub-module controller (9) is connected with and controls the electronic switch SFD of the balance discharge circuit (6) through an optical fiber;
the sub-module controller (9) is connected to the voltage sensor LVD and the result output ends of the current sensors LD1 and LD2 through a current-voltage sampling interface;
the sub-module controller (9) is connected to the gate drives GDU1 and GDU2 of the IGCTS1 and S2 through drive and return interfaces and optical fibers.
14. The IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 5,
the switch tubes D1, D2 and DAAll workA rate diode or thyristor;
the switch tubes D1, D2 and DAThe first electrodes of the anode are anodes;
the switch tubes D1, D2 and DAThe second electrodes of (a) are both cathodes.
15. The method for controlling an IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to any of claims 1-14, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
I. controlling the IGCTs S1 and IGCT S2 in the sub-module to turn on and off to control the output voltage of the sub-module ports.
16. The method for controlling an IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to any of claims 1-14, wherein,
the step I comprises at least one of the following steps I1-I4:
i1, controlling the IGCT S1 and IGCT S2 to be turned off simultaneously, so that the output voltage of the sub-module port is E;
i2, controlling the IGCT S1 to be switched on, and simultaneously switching the IGCT S2 off, so that the output voltage of the sub-module port is 0;
i3, controlling the IGCT S1 to be turned off, and simultaneously controlling the IGCT S2 to be turned on, so that the output voltage of the sub-module port is 0;
i4, controlling the IGCT S1 and IGCT S2 to be conducted simultaneously, so that the output voltage of the sub-module port is-E,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
e is the rated direct current voltage on the direct current capacitor (5).
17. The method for controlling an IGCT-based unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to any of claims 1-14, wherein,
if the unidirectional full-bridge modular multilevel converter based on the IGCT is formed by sequentially connecting N sub-modules in series through port terminals of the sub-modules, and N is an integer greater than 1, the rated direct-current voltage E on the direct-current capacitor (5) meets the following requirements:
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