CN113541161A - Wind-storage combined frequency modulation coordination control method and energy storage configuration method - Google Patents

Wind-storage combined frequency modulation coordination control method and energy storage configuration method Download PDF

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CN113541161A
CN113541161A CN202111084875.0A CN202111084875A CN113541161A CN 113541161 A CN113541161 A CN 113541161A CN 202111084875 A CN202111084875 A CN 202111084875A CN 113541161 A CN113541161 A CN 113541161A
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energy storage
fan
storage device
rotor
wind
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李欣然
陈长青
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Hunan University
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Hunan University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a coordination control method and an energy storage configuration method for wind and energy storage combined frequency modulation, wherein the coordination control method comprises the following steps: repeatedly monitoring the system frequency until the system frequency is less than the lower limit of the system frequency, and entering the next step; in the inertia response stage, when the fan is in a medium wind speed interval, the fan provides inertia response, and the kinetic energy of a rotor of the fan is utilized to carry out frequency modulation; when the fan is not in the middle wind speed interval, the energy storage device provides inertia response and starts the energy storage device to perform frequency modulation; repeating the previous step until the rotating speed of the fan rotor is not reduced or the frequency deviation change rate of the system is equal to zero, and performing a rotor rotating speed recovery stage; the energy storage device assists the rotor to recover the rotating speed; repeating the previous step until the rotating speed of the fan rotor is recovered to be normal, and ending the process; the invention also includes an energy storage configuration method; according to the invention, the energy storage device is used for assisting the fan, so that the inertia requirement of the fan at low wind speed can be effectively compensated.

Description

Wind-storage combined frequency modulation coordination control method and energy storage configuration method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power grid frequency modulation, and particularly relates to a coordination control method and an energy storage configuration method for wind storage combined frequency modulation.
Background
Because the mechanical part and the electrical part of the fan are decoupled, the frequency change of the power grid cannot be responded in time through the inherent inertia, so that the inertia of the system is reduced and the frequency deviation is increased along with the continuous increase of the wind power permeability of the power grid; in order to ensure the frequency modulation capability of a wind power system, the high-permeability state outside the country clearly indicates that a grid-connected wind power plant has the primary frequency modulation capability as a conventional generator set; in China, the national standard GB/T19963-2011 technical Specification for accessing a wind power plant to a power system indicates that: the wind power plant is in accordance with DL/T1040 standard and has the capability of participating in frequency modulation of the power system.
At present, aiming at the problem of the reduction of the frequency process capability after a large-scale wind power plant is accessed into a system, a plurality of scholars at home and abroad deeply research the control strategy; common control strategies are: virtual inertia control of inertial support is provided for the system by utilizing the kinetic energy of the fan rotor; the method comprises the steps of offsetting a maximum power tracking point, reserving certain active and standby rotor overspeed and pitch angle control or droop control, and adopting a control method with various control strategy combinations. After inertia is finished, a large number of wind turbine generators simultaneously enter rotor rotation speed recovery, so that the system frequency is easy to fall down for the second time, and overspeed and pitch angle control enable the wind turbine generators to deviate from a maximum power tracking point, so that the economy is greatly reduced; although the control strategy has a good control effect, partial problems still exist only by means of frequency modulation of the wind turbine generator. Meanwhile, although the frequency disturbance of all wind turbines in the wind power plant is the same, the wind speeds of the turbines are different, the running states of the turbines are different, and the inertia provided by the turbines is different; after the system disturbance is eliminated, the wind turbine generator recovers to the maximum power tracking point running state before the frequency modulation action, and the required additional compensation power is different; therefore, how to optimize and configure the energy storage capacity and realize the dynamic frequency modulation capacity under different wind speeds by using the energy storage auxiliary double-fed induction wind driven generator is a problem worthy of further research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a control method capable of realizing dynamic frequency modulation at different wind speeds by using an energy storage auxiliary fan, in particular to a coordination control method for wind storage combined frequency modulation.
The invention provides a coordination control method for wind storage combined frequency modulation, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: repeatedly monitoring the system frequency of the wind storage system until the system frequency is lower than the lower limit of the system frequency, and judging whether the fan is in a medium wind speed interval or not;
step 2: in the inertia response stage, when the fan is in a medium wind speed interval, the fan provides inertia response, and the kinetic energy of a rotor of the fan is utilized to carry out frequency modulation; wherein the interval value of the medium wind speed interval is 11.7-13 m/s;
when the fan is not in the middle wind speed interval, comparing the charge state of the energy storage device with the lower limit of the charge state, and when the charge state of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the charge state, providing inertia response by the energy storage device and starting the energy storage device to modulate frequency;
and step 3: analyzing the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan or the frequency state of the system by combining the inertia response provided by the fan and the inertia response provided by the energy storage device, and performing the step 4 when the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan is not reduced or the frequency deviation change rate of the system is equal to zero, otherwise, repeating the step 2;
and 4, step 4: in the rotor rotating speed recovery stage, when the charge state of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the charge state, the energy storage device assists the fan rotor to recover rotating speed; otherwise, the rotation speed of the auxiliary rotor of the conventional unit is recovered;
and 5: and (4) judging whether the rotating speed of the fan rotor is recovered to be normal or not, if so, ending the process, and otherwise, repeating the step (4).
Another objective of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks of the prior art, and provide an energy storage configuration method for avoiding a secondary drop of system frequency due to a fan exiting, and in particular, an energy storage configuration method for configuring the capacity of an energy storage device in the coordination control method.
Preferably, the capacity of the energy storage device is not less than 4.08% of the rated power of the fan.
Preferably, the following calculation process is included:
in the inertia response phase, the energy for inertia response is generated by the rotational kinetic energy E stored in the rotor of the wind turbineKProvide, then rotate the kinetic energy EKExpressed as:
Figure 742092DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
j is the total rotational inertia of the fan, and omega is the rotating speed of a fan rotor;
the magnitude of the fan inertia is represented by an inertia time constant H, which is expressed as:
Figure 862495DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
wherein S isNThe rated capacity of the fan;
analogy type obtaining virtual inertia time constant H of fan and energy storage deviceW-B，HW-BExpressed as:
Figure 111074DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
wherein n is the number of fans in the wind farm, EBFor storing equivalent kinetic energy, S, of the energy storage meansN_WBThe total rated capacity of the fan and the energy storage device;
△Eopitotal power of rotor of ith fan, and Δ Eopi=△Eop=△Ek-△Eloss；
Wherein Δ EopThe total power of the rotor side of the fan is represented as:
Figure 975125DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
△Ekthe total kinetic energy released for the rotor is expressed as:
Figure 55076DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
△Elossthe additional loss of wind energy to the rotor due to the reduction in rotor speed is expressed as:
Figure 839056DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
wherein, Delta EopTotal power at the rotor side of the fan, PATracking point power, P, for pre-FM powere(t) is the output electromagnetic power, Pw(t) input mechanical power,. DELTA.EkFor total rotor release kinetic energy, J for total fan rotational inertia, Delta ElossFor additional rotor loss of wind energy due to reduced rotor speed, tonAnd toffRespectively, the moment of frequency modulation start and inertia exit, omegaＡIs the initial rotor speed, ωcThe rotating speed of the rotor is quitted;
virtual inertia time constant H of fan and energy storage deviceW-BAnd the relation with the rotor speed omega is expressed as follows:
Figure 574931DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
when the fan is in low wind speed, inertia response is provided by the energy storage device, and the variation range of the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan is 0.96-1 pu, and then the maximum rotational kinetic energy of the rotor, which can be released by the fan, is as follows:
Figure 242672DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the stored rotational kinetic energy is:
Figure 114814DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Figure 577019DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
wherein, TJControlling time for inertia participation in frequency modulation，PNIs the credit capacity of the synchronous generator;
the energy storage device releases the inertia same as that of the equal-rated fan within the time delta t, namely:
Figure 596927DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
wherein, PBIs the capacity of the energy storage device; according to Δ T = TJThen, then
Figure 802781DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Figure 795008DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Wherein P isNIs the rated capacity of the synchronous generator, and PN=PW+PB；PWRepresenting the rated power of the wind turbines in the wind farm.
Preferably, the capacity of the energy storage device is configured to be 5% of the rated power of the wind turbine in the wind farm, obtained from the above formula.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of correcting the state of charge of the energy storage device when the state of charge of the energy storage device is close to the limit state, wherein the state of charge is close to the limit state upper limit when the state of charge is 0.9 p.u; when the state of charge is 0.1p.u, the state of charge is close to the lower limit of the limit state; the correction formula of the charge state of the energy storage device is as follows:
Figure 428114DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Figure 637116DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
therein, SOCtThe energy storage charge level at time t; eta is the charge-discharge efficiency; pBIs the capacity of the energy storage device; ptPositive means charging and negative means discharging; beta is a charge-discharge speed control factor.
Preferably, the energy storage device is selected by the following calculation formula:
Figure 381082DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Figure 290132DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
wherein y is the economic benefit index of the energy storage device, RoutBidding for electric energy of energy storage device, RinFor the electric energy input of the energy storage device, C is the initial investment of 1-degree electric energy output, C0For the operation cost of outputting 1-degree electric energy, DOD is the charging and discharging depth of stored energy, N is the cycle number under the corresponding DOD, and r is the profit margin; the energy storage device is selected such that r is greater than 0.
Preferably, the energy storage device is mounted on the direct current bus on the fan set side.
Preferably, the energy storage device is connected with the direct-current side bus capacitor of the fan through a bidirectional DC-DC converter.
Preferably, the energy storage is a super-capacitor energy storage system, and the super-capacitor energy storage system comprises a super-capacitor.
Has the advantages that:
1. when the load of the wind storage system is suddenly changed, the wind storage combined frequency modulation coordination control method can effectively compensate the inertia requirement of a fan in a wind power plant at low wind speed through the auxiliary fan of the energy storage device, and can meet the inertia response requirement at different wind speeds;
2. the problem of secondary frequency drop caused by rotor speed recovery when the fan finishes frequency modulation and exits at the medium wind speed is solved, and the stable frequency modulation capability of the wind storage system at different wind speeds is realized;
3. the capacity of the energy storage device is configured to be 5% of the rated power of the fan in the wind power plant, so that the inertia of the wind power system and the primary frequency modulation capability are unchanged before and after the fan replaces the traditional unit to be connected;
4. the frequency modulation performance and the interference resistance of a single fan can be effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a coordination control method in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a frequency characteristic graph of the cooperative control method in the implementation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a characteristic of a fan operating state transition during disturbance in the coordination control method in the implementation of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a blower and an energy storage device of a coordinated control method in the implementation of the present invention.
Fig. 5a is a schematic diagram of the charging principle of the super capacitor in the implementation of the present invention.
FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of the discharge principle of the super capacitor in the implementation of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind farm of the energy storage configuration method in the implementation of the present invention.
FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of a system frequency curve of a coordinated control method in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7b is a schematic diagram of a local fan set output power curve of the coordination control method in the implementation of the present invention.
Fig. 7c is a schematic diagram of an output power curve of an energy storage device in a coordination control method in the implementation of the invention.
FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of a low wind speed system frequency curve of the coordinated control method in the implementation of the present invention.
Fig. 8b is a schematic diagram of an output power curve of the doubly-fed induction wind generator at low wind speed according to the coordination control method in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8c is a schematic diagram of a local fan set output power curve at low wind speed according to the coordination control method in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8d is a schematic diagram of the output power curve of the regional unit at low wind speed according to the coordination control method in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8e is a schematic diagram of an output power curve of the energy storage device at low wind speed according to the coordination control method in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Because the work of the fan is directly related to the current wind speed, different wind speeds correspond to the respective maximum wind power and the optimal rotating speed, and therefore, if the kinetic energy of the rotor of the fan is used for frequency adjustment, the wind speed interval where the current fan is located needs to be determined. When the fan is in a low wind speed zone, the kinetic energy of a fan rotor is insufficient, and when the fan is in a high wind speed zone, the output power of the fan reaches a rated value and cannot be increased beyond the limit, so that when the wind speed is in a medium wind speed zone, the fan cannot participate in frequency modulation, the wind speed interval of the fan responding to the frequency modulation requirement is limited, and the fan cannot participate in frequency modulation regulation at the full wind speed; the embodiment provides a coordinated control method of wind-storage combined frequency modulation, which utilizes the kinetic energy of a fan rotor to the maximum extent according to different wind speeds, realizes frequency regulation under the full wind speed through coordination of an energy storage device and a fan, and assists the fan to recover the rotor rotating speed to avoid secondary frequency drop after fan inertia response; as shown in fig. 1, the coordination control method includes the following steps:
step 1: repeatedly monitoring the system frequency f of the wind storage system until the system frequency f is less than the lower limit f of the system frequencyminJudging whether the fan is in a medium wind speed interval or not; wherein the lower limit of the system frequency fmin=49.967Hz。
Step 2: in the inertia response stage, when the fan is in a medium wind speed interval (11.7-13 m/s), the fan provides inertia response, and the kinetic energy of a rotor of the fan is utilized to carry out frequency modulation;
when the fan is not in the middle wind speed interval, comparing the charge state of the energy storage device with the lower limit of the charge state, and when the charge state of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the charge state, providing inertia response by the energy storage device and starting the energy storage device to modulate frequency;
and step 3: analyzing the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan or the frequency state of the system by combining the inertia response provided by the fan and the inertia response provided by the energy storage device, and performing the step 4 when the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan is not reduced or the frequency deviation change rate of the system is equal to zero, otherwise, repeating the step 2;
and 4, step 4: in the rotor rotating speed recovery stage, when the charge state of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the charge state, the energy storage device assists the fan rotor to recover rotating speed; otherwise, the rotation speed of the fan rotor is recovered by the conventional unit auxiliary fan;
and 5: and (4) judging whether the rotating speed of the fan rotor is recovered to be normal or not, if so, ending the process, and otherwise, repeating the step (4).
When the wind turbine and the energy storage device meet the condition of sudden change, the wind storage combined frequency modulation coordination control method can effectively compensate the inertia requirement of the wind turbine of the wind power plant at low wind speed through the auxiliary wind turbine of the energy storage device, and can meet the inertia response requirement at different wind speeds.
As shown in fig. 2, a curve a-B-C is an inertia response phase, the fan normally operates at a point a on a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) curve, and a dotted line OB is a limit torque of the fan rotor at different rotation speeds; when the load is disturbed and increased, the frequency deviation exceeds the dead zone of 0.033Hz, inertia response is started, the electromagnetic power is suddenly increased to a set value PB, the output electromagnetic power is larger than the mechanical power captured by the fan, the fan reduces the rotating speed to release the kinetic energy of the rotor, the electromagnetic power output is reduced along the BC line in a slope manner along with the reduction of the rotating speed of the rotor, the difference value between the electromagnetic power and the mechanical power is continuously reduced, and when the frequency deviation change rate of the system is equal to zero, namely when d is equal to zerofAt/dt =0, the mechanical power is equal to the electromagnetic power, so a new equilibrium state is reached at point C; rotor speed from initial rotor speed ω during inertia responseＡTo the exit rotor speedωＣThe total kinetic energy released, a part being used to increase the output power (P)A→PB →PC→PD) The other part is used for compensating the input mechanical power loss (P) of the wind turbine generator caused by the reduction of the rotor speedA→PD) Namely, the calculation formula of the total power of the rotor side of the fan at the inertia response stage is as follows:
Figure 94140DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Figure 291903DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Figure 839559DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
wherein, Delta EopTotal power at the rotor side of the fan, PATracking point power, P, for pre-FM powere(t) is the output electromagnetic power, Pw(t) input mechanical power,. DELTA.EkFor total rotor release kinetic energy, J for total fan rotational inertia, Delta ElossFor additional rotor loss of wind energy due to reduced rotor speed, tonAnd toffRespectively, the moment of frequency modulation start and inertia exit, omegaＡIs the initial rotor speed, ωcTo exit the rotor speed.
When the fan is at the temporary stable operation point C after the maximum frequency deviation, because PCDSo that the rotational speed of the rotor of the fan converges to the second operating point omegaCDeviating from the maximum power generation efficiency operation state; if the wind speed is reduced or secondary disturbance occurs at this time, the following vicious circle is likely to be formed:
according to the analysis of fig. 2 and 3, if the electromagnetic active power of the fan is deloaded to a point D, the difference between the deloaded electromagnetic torque and the mechanical torque is large, and the rotation speed of the rotor is rapidly recovered to a point a along the MPPT curve, but the problem of drop of the secondary frequency of the system is caused due to the excessively large electromagnetic active sudden change, so that the rotation speed of the rotor of the fan needs to be recovered after the inertia control is finished. In fig. 3, according to wind power operation statistics, the probability that the output power of the wind turbine exceeds the rated value by 80% generally does not exceed 10%, and the wind turbine is basically in the medium-low wind speed range, so that the frequency modulation capability and the frequency modulation effect of the wind storage system at the medium-low wind speed are mainly researched in the embodiment.
The frequency fluctuation in the wind power plant or the low-voltage side of the grid-connected point transformer frequently occurs, so that the improvement of the primary frequency modulation capability and the noise immunity of a single fan is particularly important, and therefore, the energy storage device is arranged on the direct current bus at the fan set side, as shown in fig. 4, the fan and the energy storage device can be taken as a whole, and the wind storage system has the frequency modulation capability similar to that of a synchronous generator through reasonable control of the wind storage power.
Based on the principle that wind storage new energy replaces the equivalent inertia frequency modulation principle of a conventional unit, an energy storage configuration method is provided, and the aim of improving the dynamic frequency supporting capacity of a wind storage system is fulfilled; according to the analysis, when the fan is at a low wind speed, the rotating speed of the rotor is low, the kinetic energy of the rotor stored in the rotor is less, and the fan is out of step and stops if the stored kinetic energy of the rotor is fully utilized; the fan may cause the secondary frequency drop problem of the wind storage system at the rotor speed recovery stage; the configuration of stored energy needs to satisfy two functions:
1) when the fan cannot release the kinetic energy of the rotor, the kinetic energy of the rotor is used as a standby power, so that the inertia of the wind storage system is improved;
2) the auxiliary fan recovers the rotating speed of the rotor, and secondary falling of the wind storage system caused by the fan quitting is avoided;
the calculation process for configuring the energy storage device includes the following:
wind stores up inertia response stage of system:
energy for inertia response is derived from rotational kinetic energy E stored in the rotor of the wind turbineKProviding, rotating kinetic energy EKExpressed as:
Figure 806378DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
j is the total rotational inertia of the fan, and omega is the rotating speed of a fan rotor;
the magnitude of the fan inertia is represented by an inertia time constant H, which is expressed as:
Figure 781287DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
wherein S isNThe rated capacity of the fan;
analogy type obtaining virtual inertia time constant H of fan and energy storage deviceW-B，HW-BExpressed as:
Figure 200767DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
wherein n is the number of fans in the wind farm, Delta EopiTotal rotor power of ith fan, EBFor storing equivalent kinetic energy, S, of the energy storage meansN_WBIs the total rated capacity of the fan and the energy storage device, and Delta Eopi=△Eop=△Ek-△Eloss；
Substituting equations (1) - (3) into equation (6) to obtain virtual inertia time constant H of fan and energy storage deviceW-BAnd the relation with the rotor speed omega is expressed as follows:
Figure 50649DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
when the fan is at low wind speed, ωA≈ωC(ii) a Rotor speed variation tends to 0, and fan rotor speed can be almost zero to the inertia contribution of system this moment, so only provide inertia response by energy memory, and the change range of fan rotor speed is 0.96~1 pu, and then the rotor maximum rotational kinetic energy that the fan can release is:
Figure 668712DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
the stored rotational kinetic energy is then:
Figure 80102DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Figure 986878DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
wherein, TJFor inertia to take part in frequency-modulated control of time, PNIs the rated capacity of the synchronous generator;
the energy storage device releases the inertia same as that of the equal-rated fan within the time delta t, namely:
Figure 610758DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
wherein, PBIs the capacity of the energy storage device; the time for the power system to participate in frequency control by inertia is about 10s, so let Δ T = TJThen, then
Figure 552169DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Figure 931198DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Wherein P isNIs the rated capacity of the synchronous generator, and PN=PW+PB；PWThe rated power of the fan in the wind power plant is represented, and the capacity of the energy storage device is not less than 4.08% of the rated power of the fan, so that the capacity of the configured energy storage device is 5% of the rated power of the fan in the wind power plant.
And (3) a fan rotor rotating speed recovery stage:
when the kinetic energy deviation of the fan rotor is not reduced any more, namely | delta ω | < 4 × 10 |-7(Δ ω is the variation of the rotational speed of the rotor of the fan), or the rate of change of the frequency deviation is equal to zero, i.e. df/dtWhen the rotational speed of the fan rotor is not reduced continuously when the rotational speed is not reduced by 0, the inertia response process is finished at the moment, the rotational speed of the rotor is recovered to the initial value in an accelerating way, and the fan is reducedThe electromagnetic power is reduced to the position of a point D in the figure 1, and the rotor speed is restored to the point A along a curve D → A, which corresponds to a curve C → D → A in the figure 1; at the moment, the energy storage needs to compensate the sudden change power P when the fan exits the frequency modulationCD；PCDExpressed as:
Figure 325270DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
wherein, PC、PDElectromagnetic power at point C, D in FIG. 1; in the inertia response stage, the power loss of the fan caused by the reduction of the rotating speed of the rotor is PAD；PADExpressed as:
Figure 18419DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
wherein, PAThe electromagnetic power at point a in fig. 1.
Analyzing the formulas (13) and (15) to show that the capacity of the energy storage device configured in the inertia response stage meets the rotor speed recovery requirement, so that the obtained energy storage configuration capacity is 5% of the rated power of a fan in the wind power plant; for the control of the energy storage device body, the charge and discharge capacity of the energy storage device is mainly based on the residual power at the last moment and the charge and discharge efficiency per se; in order to prevent overcharge and overdischarge, the charge-discharge speed of the energy storage device needs to be set according to the state of charge of the energy storage device, namely the state of charge of the energy storage device, the speed is slower when the state of charge is closer to the SOC limit state, and the state of charge is 0.9p.u, namely the upper limit of the state of charge is close to the limit state; when the state of charge is 0.1p.u, the state of charge is close to the lower limit of the limit state; the correction formula of the SOC state of the energy storage device is as follows:
Figure 283179DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Figure 534906DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
therein, SOCtThe energy storage charge level at time t; eta is the charge-discharge efficiency; pBIs the capacity of the energy storage device; ptPositive means charging and negative means discharging; beta is a charge-discharge speed control factor.
In the aspect of energy storage device type selection, the energy storage device is deduced to select the type according to the following calculation formula from the performance index and the operation economic index of the energy storage device:
Figure 213012DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Figure 709852DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
wherein y is the economic benefit index of the energy storage device, RoutBidding for electric energy of energy storage device, RinFor the electric energy input of the energy storage device, C is the initial investment of 1-degree electric energy output, C0For the operation cost of outputting 1-degree electric energy, DOD is the charging and discharging depth of the energy storage device, N is the cycle number under the corresponding DOD, and r is the profit margin; r is greater than 0 to indicate profit, otherwise, loss is indicated, so the energy storage device is selected to satisfy the condition that r is greater than 0.
According to the relevant data of the battery producer, the electric energy is charged by RinIs 0.15[ (element/(W.h)]Electric energy bid RoutIs 0.8[ (element/(W. h)]Obtaining economic benefit evaluation of different chemical power supplies;
table 1 evaluation of the economic benefits of different chemical power sources;
Figure 94697DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
from the table 1, the super capacitor has more cycle times, meets the requirement of frequent charging and discharging, and has a profit rate r as high as 247% in the aspect of economic evaluation; meanwhile, the power density is high, instantaneous high-power output can be achieved, and the requirement of primary frequency modulation of a power grid is met. According to the figure 4, the super capacitor is connected with the direct current side bus capacitor of the fan through a bidirectional DC-DC converter; the wind turbine rotor side and the grid-connected converter can maintain an original control mode, and the grid-connected converter has the function of maintaining the stability of the voltage of the direct-current bus capacitor, so that the charging and discharging power of the super capacitor energy storage system directly flows to the load side through the grid-connected converter.
As shown in fig. 5a and 5b, the super capacitor energy storage system adopts a constant power charge-discharge mode, where R is the equivalent circuit resistance of the super capacitor, I is the current flowing through the equivalent circuit resistance, and P isC、PESSRespectively is charging and discharging power, UCThe voltage at two ends of the capacitor is U, the voltage at two ends of the energy storage system of the super capacitor is D = 1-gamma, the charging and discharging depth is gamma = Umax /UminAs a voltage ratio, Umax、UminThe highest working voltage and the lowest working voltage of the capacitor are respectively.
In time t, the power of the super capacitor energy storage system is completely discharged, and the voltage is controlled to be the highest voltage UmaxTo UminIn the process, the released energy is
Figure 753212DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
The electric energy released by the super-capacitor energy storage system is as follows:
Figure 121876DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
the discharge efficiency is obtained according to the formula (20) and the formula (21):
Figure 953566DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
therefore, in consideration of the problem of the discharge efficiency of the energy storage device, it is necessary to configure the energy storage device as:
Figure 724076DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
according to the formula (23), if the capacity of the energy storage device is to be reduced, the discharge efficiency of the stored energy needs to be improved; as can be seen from the formula (22), in order to maximize the efficiency of the super capacitor energy storage system, the voltages at the two ends of the super capacitor energy storage system should be relatively large, and the voltage of a single capacitor is usually about 2.5, at this time, the requirement of the high-power energy storage device needs to be satisfied by connecting a plurality of capacitors in series and in parallel. If the energy storage device is formed by connecting m groups of super capacitors in series and connecting n groups of super capacitors in parallel, the output power state when the super capacitors reach the minimum voltage is output in a full power state, namely:
Figure 553492DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
meanwhile, neglecting the equivalent series resistance R in the super capacitor, the obtained capacitance capacity is CFCapacity W of the super capacitor energy storage systemeComprises the following steps:
Figure 143873DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
if the super capacitor of 144V 55F is adopted, the working voltage and efficiency under different super capacitor combination modes can be obtained by integrating the formula (22), the formula (24) and the formula (25);
table 2 working voltages and efficiencies under different supercapacitor combination modes;
Figure 486911DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
according to data in table 2, in this embodiment, 10 sets of 144V × 55F supercapacitors of 5 sets of series-connected sets and 2 sets of parallel-connected sets are selected to form an energy storage device of the fan unit, and the lowest operating voltage U of the energy storage device is the lowest operating voltage Umin32V, the highest working voltage UmaxAt 720V, the discharge efficiency was 96.9%. Considering the problem of limiting the output power of the grid-side converter, the constraint of the grid-side converter on the output power of the energy storage device when participating in frequency modulation can be expressed as:
Figure 846348DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
wherein, PpcsThe transmission capacity of a Double-fed induction generator (DFIG) grid-connected side inverter,
Figure 112244DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
the maximum transmission capacity of the energy storage device.
Meanwhile, a 1.5MW fan with the model number of CCWE-1500/70.DF is selected, the slip range is 0.8-1.2, when the wind turbine generator runs at super-synchronous speed and the slip s is less than 0, the stator and the rotor of the fan feed power into the power grid, and the power output by the stator to the power grid is PsThe power output by the grid-side inverter to the power grid is Pw=-sPs. And when the fan runs at a high wind speed and a super-synchronous maximum rotor rotating speed, the maximum power output by the rotor through the grid-side converter is 250 kW. The maximum output power of the stored energy is 5% PN =75kW, and the maximum transmission power of the grid-side converter is 325kW at the moment; the rated power of the fan grid-side converter of the known type is 480 kW>325 kW. In conclusion, the wind storage system provided by the embodiment meets the limitation problem of the output power of the grid-connected inverter.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the coordination control method and the energy storage configuration method in the embodiment, a wind power system shown in fig. 6 is built in an MATLAB/simulink software platform by taking a certain wind power plant in northwest of China as a research object. The system line parameters are shown in a table 3, the equivalent generator parameters are shown in a table 4, the equivalent fan parameters are shown in a table 5, and the wind storage system power parameters are shown in a table 6. The rated power of the main network equivalent synchronous generator set is 4800MVA, and the active load is 5600 MW. The rated power of the equivalent synchronous generator of the local power plant of the wind power plant 2 is 2000MVA, and the active load is 600 MW. The upper and lower limits of the energy storage SOC are 0.8 and 0.2 respectively, and the initial value is set to be 0.5.
Table 3 system line parameters;
Figure 986659DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
table 4 equivalent generator parameters;
Figure 628993DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
table 5 equivalent fan parameters;
Figure 108516DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
table 6 wind storage system power parameters;
Figure 279734DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
under the operating condition, the fan is in an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) operating state, the wind speed is 10m/s, and the fan is in a medium wind speed. Meanwhile, the fan load shedding output operation is easy to realize, so that only the frequency reduction condition is simulated. Assuming that the load 1 suddenly increases by 450MW at 5 seconds, 2 kinds of control of wind storage coordinated inertia control and an equivalent conventional unit (a synchronous generator with equal capacity is adopted to replace a wind turbine unit) are contrastively analyzed, aiming at verifying the effectiveness of the coordinated control method and the feasibility of the energy storage configuration method provided by the embodiment.
In order to illustrate that the energy storage device can effectively improve the problem of secondary frequency drop caused by frequency modulation of the fan, a fan independent frequency modulation curve is added in a frequency curve.
In fig. 7a, the lowest point of the first frequency is the same when the wind storage system is coordinately controlled and the fan is separately controlled, but when the rotor speed begins to recover, the fan control alone causes the frequency to fall for the second time, and the lowest value of the fall is 49.68Hz, which is smaller than the equivalent conventional unit 49.70Hz, which aggravates the system frequency deterioration, while the wind storage system is coordinately controlled, which not only avoids the problem, but also the lowest frequency is 49.85Hz, which greatly improves the system frequency modulation performance. The reason is that in the independent control of the fan, no extra power is used for balancing the power absorbed by the fan rotor in the inertia response stage, and in the coordinated control of the wind storage system, an energy storage device is used for compensating the rotating speed of the fan rotor to recover the power. As shown in fig. 7c, when the stored energy is 7.9s, the rotating speed of the fan rotor is released to recover the power, so that the problem of frequency secondary drop is avoided.
At 5s system load surge, the fan releases its energy to support the frequency by reducing the rotor speed, as shown in FIG. 7 b; the abscissa units of fig. 7a, 7b, and 7c are time units(s). Meanwhile, after the wind power storage system is adopted for coordination control, the active output of the wind power plant is continuously increased within a period of time with the assistance of the energy storage device, the unbalanced power borne by the local equivalent machine and the local equivalent machine of the regional power grid is obviously reduced in the period of time, and during the period that the energy storage gradually exits from frequency modulation, the conventional machine set is used as a power support after the energy storage exits, and the power is increased, as shown in fig. 8c and 8 d. Further ensuring the power balance of the system and effectively improving the frequency operation characteristic of the system.
In order to verify that the energy storage configuration method provided by the embodiment can effectively assist the wind power plant at different wind speeds to realize virtual inertia control.
FIG. 8a is a system frequency response curve, wherein the frequency response of the coordinated control of the wind storage system is obviously superior to that of the control of an equivalent conventional unit, the maximum deviation value of the frequency is increased from 49.70Hz to 49.78Hz, and the improvement is 0.16%. The method mainly comprises the steps that under the coordination control of wind power storage, the wind power plant can quickly respond to the frequency change of a system under the assistance of an energy storage device, the frequency change rate is reduced, and the frequency deviation value is improved. But the response at low wind speed is worse than at medium wind speed under the same windage control, as in fig. 7a and 8 a. This is because the injection inertia of the wind turbine is larger than the maximum energy storage power, for example, when the rotational speed of the rotor of the wind turbine is reduced from 1.2pu to 0.7pu (the lowest rotational speed of the rotor), the kinetic energy of up to 0.95PN can be released, which is much larger than the energy storage of 0.05 PN.
FIG. 8b shows wind farm frequency modulated output power. When the load is increased within 5s, the equivalent wind farms 1 and 2 cannot provide inertia support due to the fact that the wind turbines in the wind farms are in a low wind speed state, and output active power of the equivalent wind farms is almost unchanged. At this time, the system inertia is provided by the stored energy, which is input at 5.2s, as shown in fig. 8 e. Meanwhile, during the period that the energy storage inertia finishes gradually exiting the frequency modulation, the output power of the conventional unit is increased to maintain the power balance of the system and ensure the frequency stability of the system, so during the period of the energy storage inertia, the output power of the conventional unit under the control of the wind storage frequency modulation is gradually increased, and after the inertia control, the frequency modulation power of the system is mainly born by a regional power grid equivalent machine and a local equivalent machine, as shown in fig. 8c and 8 d.
Further analysis of fig. 8c and 8d shows that: under low wind speed, after the equivalent conventional unit replaces a wind power plant, the active output increment of the equivalent machine of the regional power grid and the local equivalent machine is smaller than the increment under wind storage coordination control. The method is mainly characterized in that a fan does not participate in frequency modulation at low wind speed, the frequency modulation is quitted after inertia response due to limited energy storage capacity, and the later-stage frequency modulation is mainly provided by a conventional unit which needs to compensate the frequency modulation power of a wind power plant, so that the output power is larger than the output power of an equivalent conventional unit.
In conclusion, no matter at low wind speed or medium wind speed, the wind turbine generator does not need to be reserved with spare capacity under the assistance of energy storage, and always operates in the MPPT mode, so that the wind abandoning rate is reduced. And the secondary frequency drop when the wind power exits the frequency modulation is effectively avoided through the coordination and the coordination of the two, and the dynamic frequency adjustment capability is improved.
The coordination control method and the energy storage configuration method for wind storage combined frequency modulation provided by the embodiment have the following beneficial effects:
1. when the load of the wind storage system is suddenly changed, the wind storage combined frequency modulation coordination control method can effectively compensate the inertia requirement of a fan in a wind power plant at low wind speed through the auxiliary fan of the energy storage device, and can meet the inertia response requirement at different wind speeds;
2. the problem of secondary frequency drop caused by rotor speed recovery when the fan finishes frequency modulation and exits at the medium wind speed is solved, and the stable frequency modulation capability of the wind storage system at different wind speeds is realized;
3. the capacity of the energy storage device is configured to be 5% of the rated power of the fan in the wind power plant, so that the inertia of the wind power system and the primary frequency modulation capability are unchanged before and after the fan replaces the traditional unit to be connected;
4. the frequency modulation performance and the interference resistance of a single fan can be effectively improved;
5. the energy storage device of the fan unit is formed by 10 sets of super capacitors with 144V 55F, wherein the super capacitors are 5 sets of series groups and 2 sets of parallel groups, the structural safety design requirement of the wind storage system can be met, the frequency modulation stability of a single fan is improved, and the coordination difficulty among the fans in the wind power plant is reduced.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A coordinated control method of wind storage combined frequency modulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: repeatedly monitoring the system frequency until the system frequency is smaller than the lower limit of the system frequency, and judging whether the fan is in a medium wind speed interval or not;
step 2: in the inertia response stage, when the fan is in a medium wind speed interval, the fan provides inertia response, and the kinetic energy of a rotor of the fan is utilized to carry out frequency modulation;
when the fan is not in the middle wind speed interval and the charge state of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the charge state, providing inertia response by the energy storage device and starting the energy storage device to perform frequency modulation;
and step 3: combining the inertia response provided by the fan and the inertia response provided by the energy storage device, repeating the step 2 until the rotating speed of the fan rotor is not reduced continuously or the frequency deviation change rate of the system is equal to zero, and performing a rotor rotating speed recovery stage;
and 4, step 4: in the rotor speed recovery stage, when the charge state of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the charge state, the energy storage device assists the rotor speed recovery; otherwise, the rotation speed of the auxiliary rotor of the conventional unit is recovered;
and 5: and (4) repeating the step (4) until the rotating speed of the fan rotor is recovered to be normal, and ending the process.
2. An energy storage configuration method for configuring the capacity of the energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the capacity of the energy storage device is not less than 4.08% of the rated power of the fan.
3. An energy storage configuration method according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following calculation process:
in the inertia response phase, the energy for inertia response is generated by the rotational kinetic energy E stored in the rotor of the wind turbineKProviding, rotating kinetic energy EKExpressed as:
Figure 495931DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
j is the total rotational inertia of the fan, and omega is the rotating speed of a fan rotor;
the magnitude of the fan inertia is represented by an inertia time constant H, which is expressed as:
Figure 341396DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
wherein S isNThe rated capacity of the fan;
analogy type obtaining virtual inertia time constant H of fan and energy storage deviceW-B，HW-BExpressed as:
Figure 444481DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
wherein n is the number of fans in the wind farm, Delta EopiTotal rotor power of ith fan, EBFor storing equivalent kinetic energy, S, of the energy storage meansN_WBThe total rated capacity of the fan and the energy storage device;
△Eopi=△Eop=△Ek-△Eloss；
wherein Δ EopThe total power of the rotor side of the fan is represented as:
Figure 541750DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
△Ekthe total kinetic energy released for the rotor is expressed as:
Figure 233632DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
△Elossthe additional loss of wind energy to the rotor due to the reduction in rotor speed is expressed as:
Figure 125364DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
wherein, Delta EopTotal power at the rotor side of the fan, PATracking point power, P, for pre-FM powere(t) is the output electromagnetic power, Pw(t) input mechanical power,. DELTA.EkFor total rotor release kinetic energy, J for total fan rotational inertia, Delta ElossFor additional rotor loss of wind energy due to reduced rotor speed, tonAnd toffRespectively, the moment of frequency modulation start and inertia exit, omegaＡIs the initial rotor speed, ωcThe rotating speed of the rotor is quitted;
virtual inertia time constant H of fan and energy storage deviceW-BAnd the relation with the rotor speed omega is expressed as follows:
Figure 919008DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
when the fan is in low wind speed, inertia response is provided by the energy storage device, and the variation range of the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan is 0.96-1 pu, and then the maximum rotational kinetic energy of the rotor, which can be released by the fan, is as follows:
Figure 475760DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the stored rotational kinetic energy is:
Figure 163094DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Figure 101094DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
wherein, TJFor inertia to take part in frequency-modulated control of time, PNIs the rated capacity of the synchronous generator;
the energy storage device releases the inertia same as that of the equal-rated fan within the time delta t, namely:
Figure 241088DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
wherein, PBIs the capacity of the energy storage device; according to Δ T = TJThen, then
Figure 867110DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Figure 284316DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Wherein P isNIs the rated capacity of the synchronous generator, and PN=PW+PB；PWRepresenting the rated power of the wind turbines in the wind farm.
4. An energy storage configuration method according to claim 3, characterized in that the capacity of the energy storage device is configured to be 5% of the rated power of the wind turbine in the wind farm.
5. The energy storage configuration method of claim 4, further comprising modifying the energy storage device state of charge when the energy storage device state of charge approaches the limit state; the correction formula of the charge state of the energy storage device is as follows:
Figure 517851DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Figure 269776DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
therein, SOCtThe charge level of the energy storage device at the moment t; eta is the charge-discharge efficiency; pBIs the capacity of the energy storage device; ptPositive means charging and negative means discharging; beta is a charge-discharge speed control factor.
6. An energy storage configuration method according to claim 5, characterized in that the energy storage device is type-selected by the following calculation formula:
Figure 246959DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Figure 580988DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
wherein y is the economic benefit index of the energy storage device, RoutBidding for electric energy of energy storage device, RinFor the electric energy input of the energy storage device, C is the initial investment of 1-degree electric energy output, C0For the operation cost of outputting 1-degree electric energy, DOD is the charging and discharging depth of the energy storage device, N is the cycle number under the corresponding DOD, and r is the profit margin; the energy storage device is selected such that r is greater than 0.
7. An energy storage arrangement according to claim 6, wherein the energy storage device is mounted on the direct current bus on the fan-set side.
8. An energy storage configuration method according to claim 6, characterized in that the energy storage device is connected with the fan direct current side bus capacitor through a bidirectional DC-DC converter.
9. The energy storage configuration method according to claim 6, wherein the energy storage is selected from a super capacitor energy storage system, and the super capacitor energy storage system comprises a super capacitor.
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Application publication date: 20211022