CN113540284A - 一种氮化铝纳米片阵列及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种氮化铝纳米片阵列及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN113540284A
CN113540284A CN202010303251.2A CN202010303251A CN113540284A CN 113540284 A CN113540284 A CN 113540284A CN 202010303251 A CN202010303251 A CN 202010303251A CN 113540284 A CN113540284 A CN 113540284A
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黄�俊
徐科
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Suzhou Institute of Nano Tech and Nano Bionics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种氮化铝纳米片阵列的制作方法,该方法包括:在衬底上形成氮化铝单晶材料层;对氮化铝单晶材料层进行刻蚀,以形成由多个氮化铝片组成的氮化铝片阵列,其中,氮化铝片所在的平面垂直于衬底的表面;在电场环境中对氮化铝片阵列进行腐蚀,以减薄氮化铝片的厚度,从而形成氮化铝纳米片阵列,其中,电场的电场方向垂直于氮化铝片所在的平面。本发明还公开了通过上述的方法来制作的氮化铝纳米片阵列。本发明解决了通过现有的普通光刻工艺来制作的氮化铝纳米片阵列的品质无法满足行业标准的问题。

Description

一种氮化铝纳米片阵列及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体器件技术领域,尤其涉及一种氮化铝纳米片阵列及其制作方法。
背景技术
氮化铝具有导热性好,带隙宽,击穿电场强度高,载流子饱和迁移率高等优异特性,因此被广泛应用于高温、高频、大功率电子器件和集成电路的制作领域,或者是各种类型的探测器上。氮化铝的纳米片阵列,由于表面积大,结构一致性好,可以极大地的提高氮化铝探测器的探测效率。由于光刻技术获得的图形线宽受到光源的波长限制,普通光刻工艺很难将图形线宽做到1微米以内,因此利用普通光刻工艺制作的氮化铝片阵列达不到行业的标准。然而,紫外光刻、套刻等技术制作的氮化铝片阵列虽然能够达到行业的标准,但是其工艺成本太高,因此无法广泛普及应用。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术存在的不足,本发明提供了一种氮化铝纳米片阵列的制作方法。
为了达到上述的目的,本发明采用了如下的技术方案:
本发明的一方面提供了一种氮化铝纳米片阵列的制作方法,所述制作方法包括:
在衬底上形成氮化铝单晶材料层;
对所述氮化铝单晶材料层进行腐蚀,以形成由多个氮化铝片组成的氮化铝片阵列,其中,所述氮化铝片所在的平面垂直于所述衬底的表面;
在电场环境中对所述氮化铝片阵列进行腐蚀,以减薄所述氮化铝片的厚度,从而形成氮化铝纳米片阵列,其中,所述电场的电场方向垂直于所述氮化铝片所在的平面。
进一步地,对所述氮化铝单晶材料层进行刻蚀包括:
在所述氮化铝单晶材料层上形成掩模层;
采用碱性溶液对所述氮化铝单晶材料层进行刻蚀,以形成所述氮化铝片阵列。
进一步地,在所述氮化铝单晶材料层上形成掩模层包括:
在所述氮化铝单晶材料层上依序形成耐腐蚀材料层和光刻胶层;
对所述光刻胶层进行曝光工艺,以形成预设图案层;
利用反应离子刻蚀工艺,将所述预设图案层的图案转移至所述耐腐蚀材料层;
剥离所述预设图案层,以形成所述掩模层。
进一步地,所述碱性溶液为NaOH和KOH的混合溶液,所述NaOH和KOH的混合溶液对所述氮化铝单晶材料层进行各向异性腐蚀,使得对所述氮化铝单晶材料层的垂直方向上的腐蚀速度大于对所述氮化铝单晶材料层的水平方向上的腐蚀速度。
进一步地,所述电场将所述氮化铝片的表面能带结构改变为第一形态,以此加快所述氮化铝片与所述碱性溶液的反应速度;所述氮化铝片的厚度逐渐减薄时,所述氮化铝片表面的量子效应将第一形态的所述氮化铝片的表面能带结构改变为第二形态,以此减小所述氮化铝片与所述碱性溶液的反应速度。
进一步地,所述预设图案层的图案沿着与所述氮化铝单晶材料层的11-20晶向平行或垂直的方向形成。
进一步地,形成所述氮化铝纳米片阵列之后还包括:依序进行去离子水清洗、丙酮溶液清洗、酒精溶液清洗之后,利用氮气吹干所述氮化铝纳米片阵列。
进一步地,所述电场的电场强度为5000~10000V/m。
进一步地,在所述电场环境中对所述氮化铝片阵列进行腐蚀的时长为40~100分钟。
在本发明的另一方面提供了一种氮化铝纳米片阵列,该氮化铝纳米片阵列采用上述的制作方法来制作而成。
与现有技术相比,本发明的氮化铝纳米片阵列的制作方法中采用了成本较低的普通光刻工艺来形成氮化铝片阵列,之后采用在电厂环境下持续对氮化铝片阵列进行腐蚀,直到氮化铝片的厚度达到100nm~500nm。以此实现了利用普通的光刻工艺制作氮化铝纳米片阵列的目的,进而降低了氮化铝纳米片阵列的制作成本并提高了制作工艺的稳定性,实现了氮化铝纳米片阵列的批量生产。
附图说明
图1a至图1c为本发明实施例的氮化铝纳米片阵列的制作方法的制作流程图;
图2a至图2f为本发明实施例的对氮化铝单晶材料层进行刻蚀的具体工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。这些优选实施方式的示例在附图中进行了例示。附图中所示和根据附图描述的本发明的实施方式仅仅是示例性的,并且本发明并不限于这些实施方式。
在此,还需要说明的是,为了避免因不必要的细节而模糊了本发明,在附图中仅仅示出了与根据本发明的方案密切相关的结构和/或处理步骤,而省略了与本发明关系不大的其他细节。
为了易于描述,可在此使用诸如“在……之下”、“在……下方”、“下面的”、“在……上方”和“上面的”等的空间相对术语来描述如附图中示出的一个元件或者特征与另外的元件或者特征的关系。将理解的是,空间相对术语除了包含在附图中描绘的方位之外,它还意图包含装置在使用或者操作中的不同的方位。例如,如果附图中的装置被翻转,那么被描述为“在”其它元件或特征“下方”或者“之下”的元件随后将定位于“在”所述其它元件或特征“上方”。因此,示例性术语“在……下方”可包含上方和下方两种方位。装置可另外定位(旋转90度或在其它方位处),并相应地解释在此使用的空间相对描述语。
本实施例提供了一种氮化铝纳米片阵列的制作方法,如图1所示,该制作方法包括:
在衬底1上形成氮化铝单晶材料层2,其中,所述氮化铝单晶材料层2的厚度为500nm以上,位错密度小于1×103cm-2,且表面粗糙度小于2nm;
对所述氮化铝单晶材料层2进行刻蚀,以形成由多个氮化铝片2a组成的氮化铝片阵列2A。其中,如图1所示,每个所述氮化铝片2a均与所述衬底1的表面垂直,也就是,所述氮化铝片2a的表面2a’垂直于所述衬底1的表面。
形成所述氮化铝片阵列2A之后,将所述氮化铝片阵列2A处于电场E环境中,并且在该电场E环境下持续对所述氮化铝片阵列2A进行腐蚀,以此使每个所述氮化铝片2a的厚度持续减薄,直至每个所述氮化铝片2a的厚度达到100nm~500nm范围,从而形成氮化铝纳米片阵列2B。需要说明的是,在电场E环境下对所述氮化铝片2a的腐蚀过程中,所述电场E的电场方向垂直于所述氮化铝片2a所在的平面,也就是,所述电场E的电场方向垂直于所述氮化铝片2a的表面2a’。其中,所述电场E的电场强度为5000~10000V/m,腐蚀的时长为40~100分钟。
具体地,对所述氮化铝单晶材料层2进行刻蚀,以形成所述氮化铝片阵列2A和对所述氮化铝片阵列2A持续进行腐蚀时所采用的刻蚀剂为碱性溶液。该碱性溶液优选采用NaOH和KOH的混合溶液。经本申请人研究发现,NaOH和KOH配置的碱性化学溶液可以对氮化铝进行各向异性腐蚀。将NaOH和KOH的混合溶液调节到NaOH与KOH摩尔比例约1:2,溶液PH值10~11时,可以使得对于氮化铝单晶材料层2的垂直方向(图1中的竖直方向)的腐蚀速率比对于氮化铝单晶材料层2的水平方向(图1中的水平方向)的腐蚀速率快十几倍,从而能够提高所述氮化铝片阵列2A的表面积。
具体地,持续对所述氮化铝片阵列2A进行腐蚀,以形成氮化铝纳米片阵列2B的过程中,所述电场E会使所述氮化铝片2a的表面能带结构(如图1中的2a’)发生能带弯曲,使得表面原子得失电子更容易,以此加快所述氮化铝片2a与碱性溶液之间反应速度,此时,所述电场E的电场强度越大,所述氮化铝片2a与碱性溶液之间的反应速度越快。与此同时,当所述氮化铝片2a的厚度(是指图1中水平方向上的长度)减薄至一定程度(大约100nm~500nm)时,所述氮化铝片2a的量子效应将再次发生能带变宽,使得表面原子得失电子变得很难,以此减小所述氮化铝片2a与碱性溶液的反应速度,从而防止所述氮化铝片2a被碱性溶液完全腐蚀消耗。也就是说,在同等的电场环境下,所述氮化铝片2a的厚度大于500nm时,所述氮化铝片2a与碱性溶液的反应速度较快。然而,所述氮化铝片2a的厚度等于或小于500nm时,所述氮化铝片2a与碱性溶液的反应速度较慢,从而在对所述氮化铝片阵列2a进行腐蚀的过程中,保证多个所述氮化铝片2a的厚度处于预设的范围内。
综上,本实施例实现了利用普通的光刻工艺制作氮化铝纳米片阵列的目的,进而降低了氮化铝纳米片阵列的制作成本并提高了制作工艺的稳定性,实现了氮化铝纳米片阵列的批量生产。
进一步地,如图2a至图2f所示,本实施例中,对所述氮化铝单晶材料层2进行刻蚀的具体过程包括:
在所述氮化铝单晶材料层2上依序形成耐腐蚀材料层3和光刻胶层4;
对所述光刻胶层4进行曝光工艺,以形成预设图案层4a,其中,所述预设图案层4a的图案沿着与所述氮化铝单晶材料层2的<11-20>晶向平行或垂直的方向形成。如若图案的条形平行<11-20>晶向,其侧壁为{10-10}晶面,该晶面化学稳定性较高,容易获得光滑的侧壁。如若图案的条形垂直<11-20>晶向,其侧壁为{11-20}晶面,该晶面化学稳定性较低,容易获得锯齿形的侧壁。;
利用反应离子刻蚀工艺,将所述预设图案层4a的图案转移至所述耐腐蚀材料层3,其中,所述耐腐蚀材料层3优选为二氧化硅;
剥离所述预设图案层4a,以形成掩模层3a;
以所述掩模层3a为掩模,对所述氮化铝单晶材料层2进行刻蚀。
此外,所述氮化铝纳米片阵列2B形成之后还包括,依序的去离子水清洗、丙酮溶液清洗、酒精溶液清洗以及氮气吹干过程。
需要说明的是,形成所述氮化铝纳米片阵列2B之后,所述掩模层3a可以选择保留,以作为氮化铝纳米片的保护层。
在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

1.一种氮化铝纳米片阵列的制作方法,其特征在于,所述制作方法包括:
在衬底上形成氮化铝单晶材料层;
对所述氮化铝单晶材料层进行刻蚀,以形成由多个氮化铝片组成的氮化铝片阵列,其中,所述氮化铝片所在的平面垂直于所述衬底的表面;
在电场环境中对所述氮化铝片阵列进行腐蚀,以减薄所述氮化铝片的厚度,从而形成氮化铝纳米片阵列,其中,所述电场的电场方向垂直于所述氮化铝片所在的平面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制作方法,其特征在于,对所述氮化铝单晶材料层进行刻蚀包括:
在所述氮化铝单晶材料层上形成掩模层;
采用碱性溶液对所述氮化铝单晶材料层进行刻蚀,以形成所述氮化铝片阵列。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制作方法,其特征在于,在所述氮化铝单晶材料层上形成掩模层包括:
在所述氮化铝单晶材料层上依序形成耐腐蚀材料层和光刻胶层;
对所述光刻胶层进行曝光工艺,以形成预设图案层;
利用反应离子刻蚀工艺,将所述预设图案层的图案转移至所述耐腐蚀材料层;
剥离所述预设图案层,以形成所述掩模层。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述碱性溶液为NaOH和KOH的混合溶液,所述NaOH和KOH的混合溶液对所述氮化铝单晶材料层进行各向异性腐蚀,使得对所述氮化铝单晶材料层的垂直方向上的腐蚀速度大于对所述氮化铝单晶材料层的水平方向上的腐蚀速度。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述氮化铝片的厚度大于预设厚度时,所述电场将所述氮化铝片的表面能带结构改变为第一形态,以此加快所述氮化铝片与所述碱性溶液的反应速度;所述氮化铝片的厚度逐渐减薄至预设厚度时,所述氮化铝片表面的量子效应将第一形态的所述氮化铝片的表面能带结构改变为第二形态,以此减小所述氮化铝片与所述碱性溶液的反应速度。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述预设图案层的图案沿着与所述氮化铝单晶材料层的11-20晶向平行或垂直的方向形成。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制作方法,其特征在于,形成所述氮化铝纳米片阵列之后还包括:依序进行去离子水清洗、丙酮溶液清洗、酒精溶液清洗之后,利用氮气吹干所述氮化铝纳米片阵列。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述电场的电场强度为5000~10000V/m。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制作方法,其特征在于,在所述电场环境中对所述氮化铝片阵列进行腐蚀的时长为40~100分钟。
10.一种氮化铝纳米片阵列,其特征在于,采用权利要求1至9任一所述的制作方法来制作而成。
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