CN113533088A - Strain control type on-site direct shear test equipment and method - Google Patents
Strain control type on-site direct shear test equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113533088A CN113533088A CN202110874411.3A CN202110874411A CN113533088A CN 113533088 A CN113533088 A CN 113533088A CN 202110874411 A CN202110874411 A CN 202110874411A CN 113533088 A CN113533088 A CN 113533088A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention discloses strain control type on-site direct shear test equipment and a method thereof. The normal stress applying device, the shearing device and the vertical thrust applying device are positioned below the stress steering device, the normal stress applying device is arranged at the top of the shearing device, the displacement sensor is meshed with the stress steering device, the pulling pressure sensor is respectively connected with the displacement sensor and the force transmission column, and the force transmission column is rigidly connected with the shearing device. The invention can carry out large deformation field direct shear test, residual deformation shear test, repeated shear test and shear test with different shear rates; and the test result can be more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock and soil test, in particular to strain control type on-site direct shear test equipment and a method.
Background
In the capital construction project, the geotechnical engineering problem is the key research content of the whole project. In common geotechnical engineering, the problems of slope instability, foundation instability and the like are all caused by shearing damage of a rock-soil body, so that more accurate shear strength parameters are particularly important for calculating geotechnical stability.
Compared with an indoor shear strength test, the on-site realization can better meet the actual conditions of the on-site. However, the field direct shear test takes a long time and occupies a certain field, and the existing field direct shear devices are all stress control type direct shear devices, so that the field test contents such as a large-deformation field direct shear test, a residual deformation shear test, a repeated shear test, shear tests with different shear rates and the like cannot be performed.
In addition, in the existing field direct shear test equipment, the normal reaction force is generally stacked on the upper part of the erected pallet, and the horizontal reaction force is generally provided by depending on the rear soil body. Therefore, in the shearing process, the horizontal thrust system moves due to the fact that the rear soil body is easy to deform, the direction of the horizontal thrust is changed accordingly, and finally the shearing strength parameter value obtained by the on-site direct shear test is different from the true value.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the existing field direct shear test equipment and method can not carry out large-deformation field direct shear test, residual deformation shear test, repeated shear test and shear test with different shear rates, and are difficult to obtain accurate shear strength parameters. The strain control type field direct shear test equipment and method are provided, and defects of the existing field direct shear test equipment and method are overcome.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a strain control type on-site direct shear test device comprises a stress steering device, a normal stress applying device, a shearing device, a vertical thrust applying device, a displacement sensor, a tension and pressure sensor and a force transmission column. The normal stress applying device, the shearing device and the vertical thrust applying device are positioned below the stress steering device, the normal stress applying device is arranged at the top of the shearing device, the displacement sensor is meshed with the stress steering device, the pulling pressure sensor is respectively connected with the displacement sensor and the force transmission column, and the force transmission column is rigidly connected with the shearing device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a strain control type on-site direct shear test device, which is characterized in that: the invention is characterized in that the existing field direct shear equipment is in a stress control type (namely, a downward normal reaction force is applied once, and a horizontal reverse reaction force is correspondingly generated once by depending on soil), the downward normal reaction force generated by stacking and loading above the stress steering device is generated by the combined action of the stress steering device, the vertical thrust applying device, the displacement sensor, the tension and pressure sensor and the force transmission column, an upward supporting force is generated by the vertical thrust applying device, the force is transmitted from one side of the stress steering device to the other side by the stress steering device, the force in the vertical direction is converted into a force in the horizontal direction, and the force is applied to the shear box by the displacement sensor, the tension and pressure sensor and the force transmission column. Because the finally generated force in the horizontal direction does not depend on the soil body, the test effect cannot be influenced due to the deformation of the soil body caused by stress, and the test result is more accurate; in addition, because the finally generated force in the horizontal direction is generated by the stress steering device, the defect that test equipment needs to be installed again due to soil deformation in a secondary test or a plurality of tests is overcome, and the invention can carry out a residual deformation test and a repeated shearing test. Similarly, on the basis of repeated tests, the invention can carry out shear tests with different shear rates by changing the frequency of the added load. In addition, the displacement and the pulling pressure generated by each test can be obtained through the displacement sensor and the pulling pressure sensor, the change trend of the force along with the deformation of the object can be obtained by combining the state of the sample, and data reference is provided for the next test, so that the large-deformation shear test can be carried out.
As a further description of the present invention, the stress steering apparatus includes a first longitudinal gear shaft, a second longitudinal gear shaft, a transverse gear shaft, and a gear plate. The vertical gear shaft is vertically arranged, the top end of the first vertical gear shaft is meshed with one end of the transverse gear shaft, the vertical thrust applying device is arranged below the first vertical gear shaft, the top end of the second vertical gear shaft is meshed with the other end of the transverse gear shaft, and the bottom end of the second vertical gear shaft is connected with the gear disc.
As a further description of the present invention, the strain controlled in-situ direct shear test apparatus includes an upper force plate and a lower force plate. The upper loading force plate is arranged above the transverse gear shaft and is used for bearing downward force applied by external stacking; the lower stress plate is arranged below the transverse gear shaft and is used for bearing the upward force applied by the directional stress applying device.
As a further description of the invention, the strain control type on-site direct shear test equipment also comprises a support rod. One end of the supporting rod goes deep into the ground, and the other end of the supporting rod is in threaded connection with the upper bearing plate, so that the upper bearing plate can be effectively supported, and the stability of the equipment is kept. And 2 support rods are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the stress steering device and are in contact with the stress steering device, so that the first longitudinal gear shaft and the second longitudinal gear shaft can be supported, and the test equipment cannot deform or collapse under the action of stacked pressure.
As a further description of the invention, the normal stress applying means and the vertical thrust applying means are jacks.
A strain control type on-site direct shear test method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the following steps of (1) pit excavation and sample preparation, and installing strain control type field direct shear test equipment, wherein the strain control type field direct shear test equipment comprises a stress steering device, a normal stress applying device, a shearing device, a vertical thrust applying device, a displacement sensor, a tension pressure sensor and a force transmission column;
step 2: adding a load above the stress steering device, converting a vertical force into a horizontal strain through a gear shaft, and observing the state of a sample in the shearing device;
and step 3: repeating the step 2 until the sample is sheared and damaged, and reading and recording the displacement size displayed by the displacement sensor and the pulling pressure size displayed by the pulling pressure sensor;
and 4, step 4: and calculating to obtain the shear strength parameter according to the displacement and the pulling pressure.
As a further description of the present invention, the installation method of the strain control type field direct shear test device is as follows:
placing the shearing device at a sample position, and installing the normal stress applying device on the top of the shearing device;
mounting the stress steering device to enable a transverse gear shaft of the stress steering device to be positioned right above the normal stress applying device;
mounting the vertical thrust imparting means below a first longitudinal gear shaft of the stress steering means;
the displacement sensor, the tension and pressure sensor and the force transmission column are sequentially arranged below a second longitudinal gear shaft of the stress steering device and towards the direction of the shearing device, the displacement sensor is meshed with the stress steering device, the tension and pressure sensor is respectively connected with the displacement sensor and the force transmission column, and the force transmission column is rigidly connected with the shearing device.
As a further description of the present invention, the above manner of adding the load includes: added at different weights and different frequencies, which act to provide vertical pressure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the strain control type field direct shear test equipment and method can be used for carrying out a large-deformation field direct shear test, a residual deformation shear test, a repeated shear test and shear tests with different shear rates;
2. the strain control type on-site direct shear test equipment and method can enable test results to be more accurate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a strain-controlled field direct shear test apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a strain-controlled field direct shear test method according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names:
2-normal stress applying device, 3-shearing device, 4-vertical thrust applying device, 5-displacement sensor, 6-tension pressure sensor, 7-force transmission column, 8-upper force loading plate, 9-lower force loading plate, 11-first longitudinal gear shaft, 12-second longitudinal gear shaft, 13-transverse gear shaft and 14-gear plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that: it is not necessary to employ these specific details to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
Throughout the specification, reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" means: the particular features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example" or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Further, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a strain-controlled field direct shear test apparatus according to this embodiment. As shown in the figure, the strain control type on-site direct shear test equipment comprises 1 stress steering device, 1 normal stress applying device 2, 1 vertical thrust applying device 4, 1 shearing device 3, 1 displacement sensor 5, 1 tension and pressure sensor 6 and 1 force transmission column 7. Wherein, the normal stress applying device 2 and the vertical thrust applying device are both jacks.
As can be seen from the figure, the strain control type on-site direct shear test device comprises 1 first longitudinal gear shaft 11 vertically arranged on the left side, 1 second longitudinal gear shaft 12 vertically arranged on the right side and 1 transverse gear shaft 13 horizontally arranged on the top. The first longitudinal gear shaft 11 and the second longitudinal gear shaft 12 are respectively composed of 1 vertical rod and a gear positioned at the top of the vertical rod; at the bottom of the vertical rod of the first longitudinal gear shaft 11, 1 vertical thrust exerting device 4 is provided for providing a vertical upward force; a gear disc 14 is arranged at the bottom of the vertical rod of the second longitudinal gear shaft 12, and the gear disc 14 is coaxial with the second longitudinal gear shaft 12 and can synchronously rotate along with the second longitudinal gear shaft 12 in the same direction; the transverse gear shaft 13 is composed of 1 horizontal rod and gears arranged at two ends of the horizontal rod, and the gears at two ends of the horizontal rod are respectively meshed with the gears of the first longitudinal gear shaft 11 and the gears of the second longitudinal gear shaft 12.
Engaged with the gear plate 14 at the bottom of the second longitudinal gear shaft 12 is 1 displacement sensor 5, and the displacement sensor 5 can be moved horizontally toward the shearing device 3 by the gear plate 14, and displays the displacement distance. And, set up in proper order in displacement sensor 5 moving direction and draw pressure sensor 6 and pass force column 7, draw pressure sensor 6 and be connected with displacement sensor 5 and pass force column 7 respectively, pass force column 7 and shearing mechanism 3 rigid connection. Under the combined action of the displacement sensor 5, the tension and pressure sensor 6 and the force transmission column 7, the horizontal strain applied by the stress steering device can be transmitted to the shearing device 3.
It can also be seen from fig. 1 that the shearing device 3 and the normal stress applying device 2 are arranged directly below the stress-deflecting device, and the normal stress applying device 2 is arranged on top of the shearing device 3.
In addition, the strain control type on-site direct shear test equipment also comprises 1 upper load plate 8 and 1 lower load plate 9. The upper loading force plate 8 is arranged above the transverse gear shaft 13 and is used for bearing downward force applied by external stacking; the lower load plate 9 is disposed below the lateral gear shaft 13 for carrying the upward force applied by the directional stress applying means. The left side and the right side of the stress steering device are respectively vertically provided with 1 supporting rod. One end of the supporting rod is inserted into the ground, and the other end of the supporting rod is in threaded connection with the upper bearing plate 8, so that the upper bearing plate 8 can be effectively supported, and the stability of the equipment is kept. And, 2 spinal branch vaulting poles are, contact with the outside of the first longitudinal gear axle 11 and the second longitudinal gear axle 12 that are located the left and right both sides of stress steering gear respectively, consequently play the supporting role to first longitudinal gear axle 11 and second longitudinal gear axle 12, guarantee that test equipment can not warp or collapse under the pressure effect of piling up the year.
Example 2
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a strain-controlled field direct shear test method according to this embodiment. As shown in the figure, a strain control type on-site direct shear test method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the following steps of (1) pit excavation and sample preparation, and installing strain control type field direct shear test equipment, wherein the strain control type field direct shear test equipment comprises a stress steering device, a normal stress applying device, a shearing device, a vertical thrust applying device, a displacement sensor, a tension pressure sensor and a force transmission column;
step 2: adding a load above the stress steering device, converting a vertical force into a horizontal strain through a gear shaft, and observing the state of a sample in the shearing device;
and step 3: repeating the step 2 until the sample is sheared and damaged, and reading and recording the displacement size displayed by the displacement sensor and the pulling pressure size displayed by the pulling pressure sensor;
and 4, step 4: and calculating to obtain the shear strength parameter according to the displacement and the pulling pressure.
In the step 2, the method for installing the strain control type field direct shear test equipment comprises the following steps: placing the shearing device at a sample position, and installing the normal stress applying device on the top of the shearing device; mounting the stress steering device to enable a transverse gear shaft of the stress steering device to be positioned right above the normal stress applying device; mounting the vertical thrust imparting means below a first longitudinal gear shaft of the stress steering means; the displacement sensor, the tension and pressure sensor and the force transmission column are sequentially arranged below a second longitudinal gear shaft of the stress steering device and towards the direction of the shearing device, the displacement sensor is meshed with the stress steering device, the tension and pressure sensor is respectively connected with the displacement sensor and the force transmission column, and the force transmission column is rigidly connected with the shearing device.
Note that, the above-described manner of adding the load includes: added at different weights and different frequencies, which act to provide a vertical counter force.
During testing, firstly, pit excavation and sample preparation are carried out according to the prior art, then, the test equipment is installed according to the structural characteristics of the strain control type field direct shear equipment, and the test can be carried out after the installation is finished. In the test process, the normal stress applying device applies upward force to the stress steering device, and correspondingly, the stacking load on the top of the stress steering device applies downward normal counter force to the stress steering device. Meanwhile, the vertical thrust applying device positioned at the bottom of the first longitudinal gear shaft applies upward reaction force to the first longitudinal gear shaft under the action of downward pressure, so that the first longitudinal gear shaft rotates and drives the transverse gear shaft, the second longitudinal gear shaft and the gear disc to rotate in sequence, and therefore the vertical upward reaction force applied to the first longitudinal gear shaft is transmitted through the gear shaft and the gear disc and finally converted into horizontal displacement pointing to the shearing device, and shearing operation is carried out under the action of the horizontal displacement.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A strain control type on-site direct shear test device is characterized by comprising a stress steering device, a normal stress applying device, a shearing device, a vertical thrust applying device, a displacement sensor, a tension and pressure sensor and a force transmission column; the normal stress applying device, the shearing device and the vertical thrust applying device are positioned below the stress steering device, the normal stress applying device is arranged at the top of the shearing device, the displacement sensor is meshed with the stress steering device, the tension and pressure sensor is respectively connected with the displacement sensor and the force transmission column, and the force transmission column is rigidly connected with the shearing device.
2. The strain controlled in-situ direct shear test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stress steering device comprises a first longitudinal gear shaft, a second longitudinal gear shaft, a transverse gear shaft and a gear disc; the first longitudinal gear shaft and the second longitudinal gear shaft are vertically arranged, the top end of the first longitudinal gear shaft is meshed with one end of the transverse gear shaft, the vertical thrust applying device is arranged below the first longitudinal gear shaft, the top end of the second longitudinal gear shaft is meshed with the other end of the transverse gear shaft, and the bottom end of the second longitudinal gear shaft is connected with the gear disc.
3. The strain controlled in-situ direct shear test apparatus according to claim 2, comprising an upper load plate and a lower load plate, wherein the upper load plate is disposed above the transverse gear shaft for carrying a downward force applied by an external stacking load; the lower stress plate is arranged below the transverse gear shaft and is used for bearing the upward force applied by the directional stress applying device.
4. The strain control type on-site direct shear test equipment as claimed in claim 3, comprising 2 support rods, wherein one end of each support rod extends into the ground, the other end of each support rod is in threaded connection with the load bearing plate, the support rods are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the stress steering device, and the support rods are in contact with the stress steering device.
5. A strain controlled in situ direct shear test apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the normal stress applying means and the vertical thrust applying means are jacks.
6. A strain control type on-site direct shear test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the following steps of (1) pit excavation and sample preparation, and installing strain control type field direct shear test equipment, wherein the strain control type field direct shear test equipment comprises a stress steering device, a normal stress applying device, a shearing device, a vertical thrust applying device, a displacement sensor, a tension pressure sensor and a force transmission column;
step 2: adding a load above the stress steering device, observing the state of a sample in the shearing device, reading and recording the displacement size displayed by the displacement sensor and the pulling pressure size displayed by the pulling pressure sensor;
and step 3: repeating the step 2 until the sample is sheared and damaged, and reading and recording the final displacement size displayed by the displacement sensor and the final pulling and pressing force size displayed by the pulling and pressing force sensor;
and 4, step 4: and calculating to obtain the shear strength parameter according to the displacement and the pulling pressure.
7. The strain control type field direct shear test method according to claim 6, wherein the installation method of the strain control type field direct shear test device comprises the following steps:
placing the shearing device at a sample position, and installing the normal stress applying device on the top of the shearing device;
mounting the stress steering device to enable a transverse gear shaft of the stress steering device to be positioned right above the normal stress applying device;
mounting the vertical thrust imparting means below a first longitudinal gear shaft of the stress steering means;
the displacement sensor, the tension and pressure sensor and the force transmission column are sequentially arranged below a second longitudinal gear shaft of the stress steering device and towards the direction of the shearing device, the displacement sensor is meshed with the stress steering device, the tension and pressure sensor is respectively connected with the displacement sensor and the force transmission column, and the force transmission column is rigidly connected with the shearing device.
8. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the adding the load comprises: added at different weights and different frequencies.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114813392A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-29 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | On-spot ring shear test system of soft intermediate layer of ground |
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| CN108398338A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-08-14 | 河海大学 | It is a kind of can temperature control geomembrane and soil contact face shearing test device and test method |
| CN108801804A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-11-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument applying confining pressure |
| CN108613890A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-02 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of method of II type stress intensity factor of crack threshold value of measuring metallic materials |
| CN208171765U (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-30 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Portable rock mass direct shearing test device |
| CN109632504A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏师范大学 | A kind of testing experiment model of the water barrier of two dimensional stress state |
| CN112362373A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-02-12 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Impact rock breaking test bed for simulating rock stratum confining pressure |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114813392A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-29 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | On-spot ring shear test system of soft intermediate layer of ground |
| CN114813392B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-09-26 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | On-spot ring shear test system of weak intermediate layer of ground |
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