CN106205354B - Teaching experiment device and experiment method for verifying action of zero rod in truss instability process - Google Patents
Teaching experiment device and experiment method for verifying action of zero rod in truss instability process Download PDFInfo
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- CN106205354B CN106205354B CN201610847923.XA CN201610847923A CN106205354B CN 106205354 B CN106205354 B CN 106205354B CN 201610847923 A CN201610847923 A CN 201610847923A CN 106205354 B CN106205354 B CN 106205354B
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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- G09B25/04—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings
Abstract
The invention provides a teaching experiment device and an experiment method for verifying the action of a zero rod in the truss instability process. The rectangular truss structure is formed by connecting different rod pieces through hinge nodes, and the interior of the rectangular truss structure is connected with the different rod pieces through the hinge nodes. The worm and gear loading device is arranged above the truss structure, so that loading and unloading of the truss structure are realized, and the loaded load is displayed on a computer through the force sensor. The supporting and restraining device comprises a counterforce frame and a restraining support of a truss structure; the constraint support of the truss structure comprises a fixed hinged support and a movable hinged support. The invention can verify the action of the zero rod in the truss instability process. The invention has the advantages that the truss structure is changeable, the positions of the loading point and the compression plastic rod piece can be changed, the experiment result is simple and convenient to test visually, and the truss structure is suitable for colleges and universities to carry out related teaching experiments and design expansion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of civil engineering professional structural mechanics experiment teaching, and relates to a teaching experimental device for verifying the action of a zero rod in the truss instability process.
Background
With the continuous development of national economic level and technological level, truss structure buildings with simple and convenient construction and reasonable stress are continuously developed. In order to meet the requirements of structural safety and stability, the truss is designed to adopt a statically indeterminate structure, wherein a zero rod is an indispensable component. The zero rod refers to a rod piece with zero stress in the truss structure under the assumed state of the two-force rod, so that the existence of the zero rod hardly contributes to the transmission of force in the structure, but the effective length of the connected rod piece can be reduced, the slenderness ratio of the rod piece is reduced, and the zero rod has important significance for improving the stability and the bearing capacity of the structure. Therefore, the zero bar is an important knowledge point in the structural mechanics teaching.
At present, theoretical teaching is mainly adopted in structural mechanics of various colleges and universities in China, and some key theories are not verified experimentally, so that students are inevitably incapable of thoroughly understanding related theories, are not comprehensively mastered, and even have questions. In the learning of zero bars, for example, it is theoretically difficult for students to understand the role of a bar with zero force in the structure. The invention provides a reasonable experimental device for verifying the action of a zero rod in the instability process of a truss structure. The supporting and restraining device and the loading device in the teaching experiment device are similar to the contents in the Chinese patent (2015107123346 a teaching experiment device for visualizing the force method; 2015107079593 a teaching experiment device for visualizing the displacement method) which is already disclosed by the subject group, the disclosed contents only play a role in loading and supporting in the whole device, but are not innovative structures of the invention, the truss structure of the invention is completely different from the disclosed contents, and the effect of the zero bar in the truss instability process can be verified.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to verify the effect of the zero rod in the truss, the invention aims to provide an experimental device for researching and testing the effect of the zero rod in the truss for improving the bearing capacity. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a verify teaching experiment device of effect of zero pole in truss unstability in-process, this teaching experiment device includes truss structure, worm gear loading device, support and restraint device and measuring equipment.
The truss structure is rectangular and comprises first, second, third, fourth and fifth transverse hollow square rods 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e, first, second and third vertical hollow square rods 3f, 3g and 3i, an oblique hollow square rod 3h, first and second oblique plastic circular tubes 4a and 4b, an oblique thin sheet rod 5, and first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh hinged points 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f and 6 g; the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh hinged nodes 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f and 6g comprise a single-petal hinged node 15a and a first hinged sheet 15b which are connected through a bearing 15c and can freely rotate to realize common hinging of multiple rod pieces; the single-flap hinge joint 15a and the first hinge piece 15b both have the same rigidity as the connecting rod piece and are connected with the joint through bolts to form an equal rigidity model.
The upper part of the truss structure is formed by connecting a first transverse hollow square rod 3a, a second transverse hollow square rod 3b and a third transverse hollow square rod 3c through a second hinge joint 6b and a third hinge joint 6c in sequence; the lower part of the truss structure is formed by connecting a fourth transverse hollow square rod 3d and a fifth transverse hollow square rod 3e through a sixth hinged joint 6 f; the left side of the truss structure is provided with a first vertical hollow square rod 3f, and the first vertical hollow square rod 3f is connected with first and fourth horizontal hollow square rods 3a and 3d at the upper and lower sides through first and fifth hinge points 6a and 6 e; the right side of the truss structure is provided with a third vertical hollow square rod 3i, and the third vertical hollow square rod 3i is connected with third and fifth horizontal hollow square rods 3c and 3e at the upper and lower sides through fourth and seventh hinged points 6d and 6 g;
the second vertical hollow square rod 3g is positioned in the truss structure, and the upper side and the lower side of the second vertical hollow square rod 3g are respectively connected with a third hinge point 6c and a sixth hinge point 6 f; two sides of the oblique hollow square rod 3h are connected with fourth and sixth hinged points 6d and 6 f; two sides of the first oblique plastic circular pipe 4a are connected with the second and fifth hinged points 6b and 6 e; and two sides of the second oblique plastic circular pipe 4b are connected with the second and sixth hinge points 6b and 6 f. The inclined thin sheet rod 5 is a zero rod. When a zero rod is added, a second hinge piece 15b 'is added to the first hinge point 6a, one end of the oblique thin rod 5 is connected with the second hinge piece 15 b' with the groove through a bolt, and the other end of the oblique thin rod consists of a first clamping piece 16a and a second clamping piece 16b which are fixed on the rod piece; the first oblique plastic circular pipe 4a vertically penetrates through a groove formed by the first clamping piece 16a and the second clamping piece 16b, two bolt holes are formed in the clamping pieces, and the oblique thin-piece rod 5 is connected with the first oblique plastic circular pipe 4a through bolts. The oblique thin sheet bar 5 is a zero bar.
The worm and gear loading device comprises a worm and gear lifter 10, a loading rod 9 and a spherical hinge 8. One end of the worm gear lifter 10 is fixedly connected with the third trolley platform 14c through a bolt. The other end of the worm gear and worm lifter is connected with the force sensor 7 through threads, and the worm gear and worm lifter 10 applies load to the truss structure through a rotating hand wheel; the third trolley platform 14c is arranged on an upper cross beam of a built-in guide rail of the reaction frame 1 through four sliding blocks at the bottom, and the horizontal position of the third trolley platform 14c can be adjusted randomly along the built-in guide rail; the force sensor 7 is connected with the spherical hinge 8 through threads, the spherical hinge 8 is connected with the loading rod 9 through threads, the loading rod 9 is connected with the hinge joint 6 with the groove through a bolt, and the spherical hinge 8 avoids the influence of the loading device on the bending moment of the rigid frame structure through the free rotation of the spherical hinge 8. The loading and unloading of the truss structure are realized through the worm gear loading device, the worm gear loading device can manually control the application of tension and pressure, and the loading and unloading of the truss structure are realized through the display of the applied load on a computer through the force sensor 7.
The support and restraint device includes a counterforce frame and a truss structured restraint support.
The reaction frame is in various forms such as an L-shaped rigid frame, a door-shaped rigid frame and the like, and comprises a reaction frame 1 and a base 2; the base 2 is fixed at the lower part of the lower beam of the reaction frame 1 and is used for supporting the whole device; the reaction frame 1 consists of an upper cross beam and a lower cross beam of a built-in guide rail and a left upright post and a right upright post of the built-in guide rail, and the upper cross beam is connected with a third trolley platform 14 c.
The constraint support of the truss structure comprises a fixed hinged support and a movable hinged support. The fixed hinge support comprises a first vertical support 11a, a cushion block 12 and a first trolley platform 14 a; the upper end of the first vertical support 11a is inserted into the fifth hinge point 6e, the lower end of the first vertical support is connected with a cushion block 12 through a bolt, the cushion block 12 is fixed on a first trolley platform 14a through a bolt, and the first trolley platform 14a is fixed on a lower cross beam of the reaction frame. The movable hinged support comprises a second vertical support 11b, a hinged support horizontal guide rail 13 and a second trolley platform 14 b. The upper end of the second vertical support 11b is inserted into the seventh hinge point 6g, the lower end of the second vertical support is connected with the horizontal guide rail 13 through a bolt, and the second vertical support 11b can freely slide on the horizontal guide rail 13. The horizontal guide rail 13 is connected with a second trolley platform 14b through bolts, and the second trolley platform 14b is fixed on the lower cross beam of the reaction frame.
The measuring device comprises a force sensor 7 and a strain gauge. The force sensor 7 is used for measuring a load value applied to the truss structure by the worm gear lifter 10; the strain gauges are adhered to different positions on two sides of the second transverse hollow square rod 3b, the fourth transverse hollow square rod 3d, the inclined hollow square rod 3h and the inclined thin sheet rod 5, and the axial force of the rod piece is calculated according to the measured strain value; the measuring equipment is connected with a computer through a data acquisition and analysis system, and the computer is used for monitoring all data in real time.
The experimental method of the teaching experimental device for verifying the action of the zero rod in the truss instability process specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, assembling a truss structure, not installing the inclined thin sheet rods 5, determining the position of an experimental point, and sequentially numbering A, B, C, D a, 6b, 6c and 6d of first, second, third and fourth hinged nodes 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d which are connected with first, second and third transverse hollow square rods 3a, 3b and 3c above the truss; the fifth, sixth and seventh hinged points 6e, 6f and 6g which are connected with the fourth and fifth transverse hollow square rods 3d and 3e are sequentially numbered E, F, G below the truss; the middle of B and E is labeled H.
And step two, erecting a dial indicator at the position F, measuring the vertical displacement of the point F, and recording the initial reading of the dial indicator.
And thirdly, preloading the truss structure to eliminate gaps generated in the truss assembling process. And observing the dial indicator reading, and stopping preloading when the dial indicator reading changes. Balance the force sensor and record the dial gauge reading at that time.
Fourthly, applying a vertical load F on the point BpThe dial indicator, the force sensor and the second,And the strains of the four transverse hollow square rods 3b and 3d and the inclined hollow square rod 3h are monitored in real time.
Fifthly, slowly increasing the vertical load FpAnd observing the change condition of a load curve in the computer, stopping loading when the reading of the force sensor drops suddenly, observing the damage forms of the first and second inclined plastic circular tubes 4a and 4b when the truss structure is unstable, and determining the unstable rod piece.
Sixthly, unloading the load Fp。
Seventhly, newly installing the oblique thin sheet rods 5 between A, H, wherein the oblique thin sheet rods 5 are zero rods.
And eighthly, repeating the third step to the sixth step.
And ninthly, drawing load-displacement curves in two states, and calculating the ultimate bearing capacity and the axial forces of the second and fourth transverse hollow square rods 3b and 3d and the inclined hollow square rod 3h when the structure is destabilized and damaged.
And step ten, analyzing the experimental result to obtain the effect of the zero rod in the truss instability process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the rigidity of the truss compression rod piece is reduced to be changed into a low-rigidity plastic rod piece, so that the designated plastic rod piece is guaranteed to be damaged in the normal use state of other rod pieces. The important function of the zero bar in the truss can be obtained by comparing the difference of the ultimate bearing capacity of the truss structure before and after the zero bar is added. The truss structure has variable forms, and the positions of the loading points and the compression plastic rod pieces can be changed. And the result is simple and convenient in visual test, and the method is suitable for colleges and universities to carry out related teaching experiments and further design and expansion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the zero-bar-less apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of the zero lever apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the hinge point of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the loading device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a detail view of the diagonal sheet bar of the present invention;
in the figure: 1, a reaction frame; 2, a base; 3a first transverse hollow square bar; 3b a second transverse hollow square bar; 3c a third transverse hollow square bar; 3d, a fourth transverse hollow square rod; 3e a fifth transverse hollow square bar; 3f a first vertical hollow square bar; 3g of a second vertical hollow square rod; 3i a third vertical hollow square rod; 3h, inclining the hollow square rod; 4a first oblique plastic circular pipe; 4b, a second oblique plastic circular pipe; 5 oblique thin slice rods; 6a first hinge point; 6b a second hinge point; 6c a third hinge point; 6d fourth hinge point; 6e a fifth hinge point; 6f a sixth hinge point; 6g of a seventh hinge point; 7 a force sensor; 8, spherical hinge; 9 a loading rod; 10 worm gear lifters; 11a first vertical support; 11b a second vertical support; 12 cushion blocks; 13 a horizontal guide rail; 14a first cart platform; 14b a second cart platform; 14c a third cart platform; 15a single-petal hinge joint; 15b a first hinge plate; 15 b' a second hinge plate; 15c a bearing; 16a first jaw; 16b second clip.
Detailed Description
The invention sets two brittle rods at the positions of two stressed rods with different internal forces in the truss structure under the action of load, applies loads at the same positions under the condition that no zero rod is connected with both brittle rods and only one brittle rod is connected with the zero rod, measures the deflection and the internal force of the two structures, compares the failure load and the failure form of the two structures, and verifies the influence of the existence of the zero rod on the instability of the truss structure.
The following describes the implementation process of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A teaching experiment device for verifying the action of a zero rod in the truss instability process is composed of a truss structure, a loading device, a supporting and restraining device and measuring equipment. The experimental device has a structure without a zero rod as shown in fig. 1, and a structure with a zero rod as shown in fig. 2. FIG. 3 is a detailed view of a hinge point of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a loading device of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a detail view of the diagonal sheet bar of the present invention. The specific installation mode of the equipment is as follows
The worm gear loading device 10 is connected with the second hinge point 6b for loading. Strain gauges are only adhered to different positions on two sides of the second transverse hollow square rod 3b, the fourth transverse hollow square rod 3d, the inclined hollow square rod 3h and the inclined thin-sheet rod 5 in the figure 2, strain values of measuring points are measured, and internal force of each rod is obtained according to constitutive relation of materials.
Respectively applying load to the truss structures shown in the figures 1 and 2 until the rod pieces are damaged, observing the magnitude relation and the change condition of the internal force of each rod in the loading process, and recording the internal force and the load of each rod in the damage process. And comparing the position where the zero bar is firstly damaged and the maximum load under the conditions of no zero bar and zero bar, thereby analyzing the action of the zero bar in the instability process of the truss.
The experimental method of the teaching experimental device for verifying the action of the zero rod in the truss instability process specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, assembling a truss structure according to the figure 1, not installing the inclined thin sheet rods 5, and determining the position of an experimental point, wherein first, second, third and fourth hinged nodes 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d which are connected with first, second and third transverse hollow square rods 3a, 3b and 3c above the truss are sequentially numbered A, B, C, D; the fifth, sixth and seventh hinged points 6e, 6f and 6g which are connected with the fourth and fifth transverse hollow square rods 3d and 3e are sequentially numbered E, F, G below the truss; the middle of B and E is labeled H.
And step two, erecting a dial indicator at the position F, measuring the vertical displacement of the point F, and recording the initial reading of the dial indicator.
And thirdly, preloading the truss structure to eliminate gaps generated in the truss assembling process. And observing the dial indicator reading, and stopping preloading when the dial indicator reading changes. Balance the force sensor and record the dial gauge reading at that time.
Fourthly, applying a vertical load F on the point BpAnd strain of the dial indicator, the force sensor, the second transverse hollow square rod 3b, the fourth transverse hollow square rod 3d and the inclined hollow square rod 3h is monitored in real time through the data acquisition system.
Fifthly, slowly increasing the vertical load FpAnd observing the change condition of a load curve in the computer, stopping loading when the reading of the force sensor drops suddenly, observing the damage forms of the first and second inclined plastic circular tubes 4a and 4b when the truss structure is unstable, and determining the unstable rod piece.
Sixthly, unloading the load Fp。
Seventhly, as shown in fig. 2, the oblique thin sheet rods 5 are newly installed between A, H, and the oblique thin sheet rods 5 are zero rods.
And eighthly, repeating the third step to the sixth step.
And ninthly, drawing load-displacement curves in two states, and calculating the ultimate bearing capacity and the axial forces of the second and fourth transverse hollow square rods 3b and 3d and the inclined hollow square rod 3h when the structure is destabilized and damaged.
And step ten, analyzing the experimental result to obtain the effect of the zero rod in the truss instability process.
Claims (3)
1. A teaching experiment device for verifying the action of a zero rod in the truss instability process is characterized by comprising a truss structure, a worm and gear loading device, a supporting and restraining device and measuring equipment;
the truss structure is rectangular and comprises first, second, third, fourth and fifth transverse hollow square rods (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e), first, second and third vertical hollow square rods (3f, 3g and 3i), an oblique hollow square rod (3h), first and second oblique plastic circular tubes (4a and 4b), an oblique thin sheet rod (5) and first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh hinged points (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f and 6 g); the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh hinged nodes (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f and 6g) comprise single-petal hinged nodes (15a) and first hinged sheets (15b), and the single-petal hinged nodes and the first hinged sheets are connected through bearings (15c) and can rotate freely to realize common hinging of multiple rod pieces; the upper part of the truss structure is formed by connecting a first transverse hollow square rod (3 a), a second transverse hollow square rod (3 b), a third transverse hollow square rod (3 c) and a third transverse hollow square rod (6b, 6c) in sequence through a second hinge joint and a third hinge joint; the lower part of the truss structure is formed by connecting fourth and fifth transverse hollow square rods (3d and 3e) through a sixth hinged point (6 f); a first vertical hollow square rod (3f) is arranged on the left side of the truss structure, and the first vertical hollow square rod (3f) is connected with first and fourth horizontal hollow square rods (3a and 3d) on the upper and lower sides through first and fifth hinge points (6a and 6 e); a third vertical hollow square rod (3i) is arranged on the right side of the truss structure, and the third vertical hollow square rod (3i) is connected with third and fifth horizontal hollow square rods (3c and 3e) on the upper side and the lower side through fourth and seventh hinged nodes (6d and 6 g);
the second vertical hollow square rod (3g) is positioned in the truss structure, and the upper side and the lower side of the second vertical hollow square rod (3g) are respectively connected with a third hinge point (6c) and a sixth hinge point (6 f); two sides of the oblique hollow square rod (3h) are connected with fourth and sixth hinged points (6d, 6 f); two sides of the first oblique plastic circular pipe (4a) are connected with the second hinge point and the fifth hinge point (6b and 6 e); two sides of the second oblique plastic circular pipe (4b) are connected with a second hinge point (6b) and a sixth hinge point (6 f); the oblique thin sheet rod (5) is a zero rod, when the zero rod is added, a second hinging piece (15b ') is added to the first hinging point (6a), one end of the oblique thin sheet rod (5) is connected with the second hinging piece (15 b') with the groove, and the other end of the oblique thin sheet rod consists of a first clamping piece (16 a) and a second clamping piece (16 b) which are fixed on the rod piece; a first oblique plastic circular pipe (4a) is fixed in a groove formed by the first clamping piece (16 a) and the second clamping piece (16 b);
the worm and gear loading device is arranged above the truss structure to realize loading and unloading of the truss structure, and the loaded load is displayed on a computer through a force sensor; the supporting and restraining device comprises a counterforce frame and a restraining support of a truss structure; the reaction frame comprises a reaction frame (1) with a built-in guide rail and a base (2); the constraint support of the truss structure is used for carrying out constraint support on the truss structure; the measuring device comprises a force sensor (7) and a strain gauge; the force sensor (7) is used for measuring a load value applied to the truss structure by the worm gear lifter (10); the strain gauge is adhered to the second and the fourth transverse hollow square rods (3b and 3d), different positions are arranged on two sides of the inclined hollow square rod (3h) and two sides of the inclined thin sheet rod (5), and the axial force of the rod piece is calculated according to the measured strain value; the measuring equipment is connected with a computer through a data acquisition and analysis system, and the computer is used for monitoring all data in real time.
2. The teaching experiment device for verifying the action of the zero bar in the truss instability process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single-petal hinge joint (15a) and the first hinge piece (15b) both adopt the same rigidity as the connected rod piece, and are connected with the joint through bolts to form an equal rigidity model.
3. An experimental method for verifying the effect of a zero bar in the truss instability process by adopting the teaching experimental device of claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, assembling a truss structure, not installing an inclined thin sheet rod (5), determining the position of an experimental point, wherein the number A of a first hinged node (6a), the number B of a second hinged node (6B), the number C of a third hinged node (6C) and the number D of a fourth hinged node (6D) which are connected with a first transverse hollow square rod (3a, a second transverse hollow square rod and a third transverse hollow square rod (3B, 3C) are arranged above the truss; a fifth hinged node (6E) connected with the fourth and fifth transverse hollow square rods (3d and 3E) below the truss is numbered E, a sixth hinged node (6F) is numbered F, and a seventh hinged node (6G) is numbered G; marking H in the middle of B and E;
secondly, erecting a dial indicator at the position F, measuring the vertical displacement of the point F, and recording the initial reading of the dial indicator;
thirdly, preloading the truss structure and eliminating gaps generated in the truss assembling process; observing the reading of the dial indicator, and stopping preloading when the reading of the dial indicator changes; balancing the force sensor and recording the reading of the dial indicator at the moment;
fourthly, applying a vertical load F on the point BpThe strain of the dial indicator, the force sensor, the second transverse hollow square rod (3 b), the fourth transverse hollow square rod (3 d) and the inclined hollow square rod (3h) is monitored in real time through a data acquisition system;
fifthly, slowly increasing the vertical load FpObserving the change condition of a load curve in a computer, stopping loading when the reading of the force sensor drops suddenly, observing the damage forms of the first and second inclined plastic circular tubes (4a and 4b) when the truss structure is unstable, and determining an unstable rod piece;
sixthly, unloading the load Fp；
Seventhly, newly installing the oblique thin sheet rods (5) between A, H, wherein the oblique thin sheet rods (5) are zero rods;
eighthly, repeating the third step to the sixth step;
ninthly, drawing load-displacement curves in two states, and calculating the ultimate bearing capacity and the axial forces of the second and fourth transverse hollow square rods (3b and 3d) and the inclined hollow square rod (3h) when the structure is destabilized and damaged;
and step ten, analyzing the experimental result to obtain the effect of the zero rod in the truss instability process.
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