CN105243934A - Teaching experiment device making force method visualized - Google Patents
Teaching experiment device making force method visualized Download PDFInfo
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- CN105243934A CN105243934A CN201510712334.6A CN201510712334A CN105243934A CN 105243934 A CN105243934 A CN 105243934A CN 201510712334 A CN201510712334 A CN 201510712334A CN 105243934 A CN105243934 A CN 105243934A
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Abstract
The invention provides a teaching experiment device making a force method visualized. The device comprises a rigid frame structure, a loading device, a support and constraint device and a measurement device. The rigid frame structure is formed by connecting vertical and transverse two hollow square rods, which are mutually perpendicular, through a rigid joint disc. The loading device comprises a worm and worm wheel loading device and a weight loading device, and is used for realizing loading of the rigid frame structure. The support and constraint device comprises a constraint support of the rigid frame structure and a counterforce frame, wherein the constraint support of the rigid frame structure comprises a fixation support and a hinge support, and the counterforce frame is formed by a counterforce rack and a base. The measurement device comprises a force sensor, a strain gauge and stay wire displacement sensors. The device integrates a structural mechanics experimental model, the loading device and the measurement device, and the experimental model is flexible and variable; different branch experimental models can be assembled according to the needs of the experiment content, and force method experiments with a plurality of methods can be carried out; and the results obtained through the various methods can be compared mutually and compared with the theoretical result conveniently.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to civil engineering structural mechanics experimental teaching field, relate to a kind of by the experiment device for teaching of force method visualize.
Background technology
Structural mechanics is the required subject of institution of higher learning's civil engineering, and force method is wherein the basic skills that structural mechanics solves hyperstatic structure inner force and displacement under static load.
Hyperstatic structure is computationally different from statically determinate structure, and the internal force of hyperstatic structure can not singly be obtained from static balance condition, must consider deformation compatibility condition simultaneously.In order to the convenience of computational problem, choose wherein a part of as fundamental unknown variables in all unknown quantitys of hyperstatic structure of being everlasting.Force method gets some masterpiece fundamental unknown variables, solves a kind of method of hyperstatic structure according to deformation compatibility condition.
The teaching method mainly theory teaching of current institution of higher learning structural mechanics, owing to lacking the experimental verification to correlation theory, can cause part classmate not deep enough to the understanding of correlation theory unavoidably, even throw doubt upon to correlation theory.The inexorable trend that experiment content is Teaching of Structural Mechanics development is from now on introduced in the daily teaching of institution of higher learning's structural mechanics.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, change the present situation lacking related experiment content in current Teaching of Structural Mechanics, invent a kind of by the experiment device for teaching of force method visualize, this experiment device for teaching can realize the experiment of the structural mechanics force method content of courses, realize the checking to force method theory, and find out the reason of experimental error with the difference of theory by experiment, make classmates in personal practice with in analyzing, the knowwhy of more deep understanding displacement method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of experiment device for teaching by force method visualize comprises rigid frame structure, charger, support and restraint device and measuring equipment.
Described rigid frame structure is made up of vertical hollow square bar 3a, laterally hollow square bar 3b and rigid joint dish 4a.Vertical hollow square bar 3a one end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4a of band by bolt; The other end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4b of band by bolt, realizes the connection of rigid frame structure and hold-down support.Laterally hollow square bar 3b one end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4a of band by bolt; The other end is connected with the reeded pin joint dish 5 of band by bolt, realizes rigid frame structure and is connected with hinged-support.Rigid joint dish and pin joint dish all adopt the rigidity identical with institute link member, by rigidity model such as bolt and node dish are connected to form.
Described charger is made up of worm and gear charger and counterweight charger.Described worm and gear charger is made up of worm and gear lifter 6, load bar 9, ball pivot 8 and rod member fixture 10; Worm and gear lifter 6 one end is fixedly connected with trolley platform 12a by bolt, and trolley platform 12a is installed on reaction frame 1 guide rail by four pieces of slide blocks of bottom, and trolley platform 12a can adjust arbitrarily height along reaction frame 1 guide rail; Worm and gear lifter 6 other end is connected with force snesor 7 by screw thread, worm and gear lifter 6 by rotation hand wheel to rigid frame structure load application; Force snesor 7 is connected with ball pivot 8 by screw thread, and ball pivot 8 is connected with load bar 9 by screw thread, and load bar 9 is connected with rod member fixture 10 by screw thread, and ball pivot 8 avoids charger to produce the impact of moment of flexure to rigid frame structure by freely rotating of himself; Rod member fixture 10 comprises the rod member intermediate plate 22 of pin 21, load bar web member 20 size different from two pieces; There is pin-and-hole large rod member intermediate plate 22 side, and there is pin-and-hole load bar web member 20 side, the two is linked together by pin 21; Vertical hollow square bar 3a passes perpendicularly through the groove that two pieces of rod member intermediate plates (22) are formed, and every block rod member intermediate plate 22 has four bolts hole, is connected by rectangular thin-wall rod member 3a by bolt with rod member intermediate plate 22; Rod member fixture 10 can realize charger and be connected with horizontal hollow square bar 3b or vertical hollow square bar 3a, avoids moment of flexure transmission by rod member fixture 10 latch structure simultaneously.By worm and gear charger, realize the loading and unloading to rigid frame structure, worm and gear charger can apply pulling force and pressure by Non-follow control, shows added load on computers, realize the loading and unloading of rigid frame structure by force snesor 7.
Described counterweight charger is made up of counterweight, pallet 18, Height Adjustable fixed pulley 19; Counterweight charger is fixed on pin joint dish 5, by counterweight charger, realizes the applying to rigid frame structure vertical load and horizontal loading.
Supporting and restraint device are made up of the constraint supporting of reaction frame and rigid frame structure.
Described rigid frame structure flexible form is changeable, and can form the various ways such as " L " shape rigid frame, door shape rigid frame, rigid frame structure is made up of reaction frame 1 and base 2; Base 2 is fixed on the sill bottom of reaction frame 1, for supporting whole device; Described reaction frame 1 is made up of two, the left and right column of two crossbeams and the built-in guide rail up and down of built-in guide rail, each crossbeam and column can fix worm and gear lifter 6 and trolley platform, sill fixes trolley platform 12b, and trolley platform 12a fixed by a heel post.
The constraint supporting of described rigid frame structure comprises hold-down support and fixed-hinged support.Hold-down support is made up of horizontal seat sensor 11a, vertically bearing sensor 11b and rigid joint dish 4b, and two bearing sensors are fixed on reaction frame; Card extender bottom is connected with trolley platform 12b by bolt, and card extender side is connected with horizontal seat sensor 11a by bolt; Horizontal seat sensor 11a inserts and arranges reeded rigid joint dish 4b, is connected with it by bolt; Vertical bearing sensor 11b upper end is inserted in rigid joint dish 4b, and lower end is connected with trolley platform 12b by bolt, and trolley platform 12b is fixed on reaction frame sill.Fixed-hinged support is made up of horizontal seat sensor 11c, vertically bearing sensor 11d, pin joint dish 5, hinged-support horizontal guide rail 13a and hinged-support vertical guide 13b, and horizontal seat sensor 11c is detachable, makes fixed-hinged support change movable hinged shoe into; Horizontal seat sensor 11c and vertical bearing sensor 11d one end are inserted and are arranged in reeded pin joint dish 5, and are connected with it by bolt; The vertical bearing sensor 11d other end is connected with hinged-support horizontal guide rail 13a by trolley platform 12d, and the horizontal seat sensor 11c other end is connected with hinged-support upright guide rail 13b by trolley platform 12c.Hinged-support horizontal guide rail 13a is arranged on box platform 16 by bolt; Hinged-support upright guide rail 13b is arranged on card extender side by bolt, and card extender opposite side is connected with web member 14, and card extender bottom is connected on hinged-support horizontal guide rail 13a by trolley platform 12e.Screw-threaded shaft elevator 15 is arranged on box platform 16 side, is connected with card extender by web member 14, and can be used for rigid frame structure restriction or apply horizontal shift, box platform 16 is fixed on reaction frame sill.
Measuring equipment comprises force snesor 7, foil gauge, horizontal guy displacement transducer 17a and vertical stay wire displacement sensor 17b.Force snesor 7 records the payload values that worm and gear lifter 6 pairs of rigid frame structure apply; Strain gauge adhesion, at vertical hollow square bar 3a and horizontal hollow square bar 3b both sides diverse location, passes through surveyed strain value and calculates rod member internal force size; Stay wire displacement sensor can record measuring point level and vertical displacement; Above measuring equipment is connected with computing machine by data acquisition and analysis system, carries out Real-Time Monitoring by computing machine to every data.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the experimentally needs of content, force method experimental provision can assemble different branch's empirical models, and can carry out the force method experiment of multiple method, various method acquired results is convenient to contrast mutually and is contrasted with notional result.This device structure set Experiments of Machanics model, charger and measurement mechanism are in one, and experimentally the needs of content can paste foil gauge at the diverse location of rod member, load, empirical model flexibility and changeability at the diverse location of rod member.Verify by experiment, it is very little that this force method experimental provision experimental results and structural mechanics calculate gained theoretical value phase ratio error, and applicable colleges and universities carry out relevant education experiment and design expansion further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is force method experiment device for teaching original structure figure.
Fig. 2 is that force method experiment device for teaching load acts solely on static determinacy basic block diagram.
Fig. 3 is that the vertical counter-force of force method experiment device for teaching acts solely on static determinacy basic block diagram.
Fig. 4 is that force method experiment device for teaching horizontal reacting force acts solely on static determinacy basic block diagram.
Fig. 5 is that force method experiment device for teaching load acts solely on once indeterminate basic block diagram.
Fig. 6 is that force method experiment device for teaching horizontal reacting force acts solely on once indeterminate basic block diagram.
Fig. 7 is force method experiment device for teaching detail of construction.
Fig. 8 is force method experiment device for teaching worm wheel helical charger detail drawing.
Fig. 9 is force method experiment device for teaching means for jointing rods detail drawing.
In figure: 1 reaction frame; 2 bases; The vertical hollow square bar of 3a; 3b is hollow square bar laterally; 4a rigid joint dish; 4b rigid joint dish; 5 pin joint dishes; 6 worm and gear lifters; 7 force snesor; 8 ball pivots; 9 load bars; 10 rod member fixtures; 11a horizontal seat sensor; The vertical bearing sensor of 11b; 11c horizontal seat sensor; The vertical bearing sensor of 11d; 12a trolley platform; 12b trolley platform; 12c trolley platform; 12d trolley platform; 12e trolley platform; 12f trolley platform; 12g trolley platform; 13a hinged-support horizontal guide rail; 13b hinged-support vertical guide; 14 web members; 15 screw-threaded shaft elevators; 16 box platforms; 17a horizontal guy displacement transducer; The vertical stay wire displacement sensor of 17b; 18 pallets; 19 Height Adjustable fixed pulleys; 20 load bar web members; 21 pins; 22 rod member intermediate plates.
Embodiment
The present invention by the rigid frame structure removing portion of standoff constraint, individually load application and applying at removed support restraint place and constraint external force in the same way on rigid frame rod member, measure each branch test in the inner force and displacement of structure.Application force method principle, superposes the inner force and displacement of structure under load and each external force independent role, solves the inner force and displacement of load action on rigid frame structure, the correctness of checking force method principle.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, embodiments of the present invention are described further.
A kind ofly be made up of rigid frame structure, charger, support and restraint device, measuring equipment by the experiment device for teaching of force method visualize, as shown in Figure 1, the concrete mounting means of equipment is as follows for this experiment device for teaching original structure figure:
Reaction frame 1 and base 2 form reaction frame;
Rigid frame structure is formed by connecting by rigid joint dish 4a by two orthogonal vertical hollow square bar 3a and horizontal hollow square bar 3b.Vertical hollow square bar 3a one end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4a of band by bolt; The other end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4b of band by bolt, realizes the connection of rigid frame structure and hold-down support.Laterally hollow square bar 3b one end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4a of band by bolt; The other end is connected with the reeded pin joint dish 5 of band by bolt, realizes rigid frame structure and is connected with fixed-hinged support.Rigid joint dish and pin joint dish all adopt the rigidity identical with institute link member, by rigidity model such as bolt and node dish are connected to form.Fixed-hinged support is arranged on box platform 16, is fixed on reaction frame 1 sill.
Worm and gear charger is formed by connecting by worm and gear lifter 6, force snesor 7, ball pivot 8, load bar 9 and rod member fixture 10 successively head and the tail.Worm and gear lifter 6 one end is fixedly connected with trolley platform 12a by bolt, and trolley platform 12a is installed on reaction frame 1 guide rail by four pieces of slide blocks of bottom, can adjust arbitrarily height along reaction frame 1 guide rail; Worm and gear lifter 6 other end is connected with force snesor 7 by screw thread; Rod member fixture 10 is connected on vertical hollow square bar 3a, to rigid frame structure load application.
Embodiment 1: fix one end force method that inverted "L" shaped statically determinate rigid frame structure is basic structure freely with one end and test
Fig. 2 is that force method experiment device for teaching load acts solely on static determinacy basic block diagram, and the mounting means of Fig. 2 structure is on the basis of Fig. 1 structure.One end of horizontal guy displacement transducer 17a and vertical stay wire displacement sensor 17b is fixed on reaction frame 1, and the other end is connected on pin joint dish 5 by bracing wire.Worm and gear charger connects vertical hollow square bar 3a load application, records corresponding shift value by horizontal guy displacement transducer 17a and vertical stay wire displacement sensor 17b simultaneously.
Fig. 3 is that the vertical counter-force of force method experiment device for teaching acts solely on static determinacy basic block diagram, and rigid frame structure is identical with Fig. 2 with stay wire displacement sensor connected mode.By wire rope connecting trays 18 on pin joint dish 5, pallet 18 adds counterweight at pin joint Pan5Chu, vertical load is applied to rigid frame structure, record corresponding shift value by horizontal guy displacement transducer 17a and vertical stay wire displacement sensor 17b simultaneously.
Fig. 4 force method experiment device for teaching horizontal reacting force acts solely on static determinacy basic block diagram, and steel frame construction is identical with Fig. 2 with stay wire displacement sensor 17 connected mode.Pin joint dish 5 walks around Height Adjustable fixed pulley 19 connecting trays 18 by wire rope, pallet 18 adds counterweight.In loading procedure, by regulating the screw-threaded shaft elevator 15 be connected with Height Adjustable fixed pulley 19, make Height Adjustable fixed pulley 19 identical with rigid frame structure height, thus realize applying horizontal loading to rigid frame structure, record corresponding shift value by horizontal guy displacement transducer 17a and vertical stay wire displacement sensor 17b simultaneously.
Embodiment 2: an inverted "L" shaped statically indeterminate rigid frame structure of fixing one end constraint vertical displacement with one end is basic structure force method is tested
Fig. 5 force method experiment device for teaching load acts solely on once indeterminate basic block diagram.Rigid frame structure is formed by connecting by rigid joint dish 4a by two orthogonal vertical hollow square bar 3a and horizontal hollow square bar 3b.Vertical hollow square bar 3a one end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4a of band by bolt; The other end leads to and is connected with the hold-down support be made up of rigid joint dish 4, level and vertical support sensor 11 and trolley platform 12; Laterally hollow square bar 3b one end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4a of band by bolt; The other end is connected with the movable hinged shoe be made up of with hinged-support horizontal guide rail 13a pin joint dish 5, vertical support sensor 11d.Movable hinged shoe is arranged on box platform 16, is fixed on reaction frame 1 sill.Horizontal guy displacement transducer 17a is fixed on reaction frame 1 by trolley platform 12f, and the other end is connected on pin joint dish 5 by bracing wire.Worm and gear charger connects vertical hollow square bar 3a load application, records corresponding shift value by horizontal guy displacement transducer 17a and vertical stay wire displacement sensor 17b simultaneously.
Fig. 6 is that force method experiment device for teaching horizontal reacting force acts solely on once indeterminate basic block diagram.Rigid frame structure is formed by connecting by rigid joint dish 4a by two orthogonal vertical hollow square bar 3a and horizontal hollow square bar 3b.Vertical hollow square bar 3a one end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4a of band by bolt, and the other end leads to and is connected with the hold-down support be made up of rigid joint dish 4, level and vertical support sensor 11 and trolley platform 12; Laterally hollow square bar 3b one end is connected with the reeded rigid joint dish 4a of band by bolt; The other end is connected with the movable hinged shoe be made up of pin joint dish 5, vertical support sensor 11d, trolley platform 12e, hinged-support horizontal guide rail 13a.Movable hinged shoe is arranged on box platform 16, and box platform 16 is fixed on reaction frame 1 sill, and horizontal guy displacement transducer 17a one end is fixed on reaction frame 1, and the other end is connected on pin joint dish 5 by bracing wire.Be fixed on the screw-threaded shaft elevator 15 on box platform 16, the horizontal seat consisted of horizontal seat sensor 11c, trolley platform 12c, hinged-support vertical guide 13b is connected with pin joint dish 5.Apply horizontal loading by screw-threaded shaft elevator 15 pairs of rigid frames at pin joint Pan5Chu, record corresponding shift value by horizontal guy displacement transducer 17a and vertical stay wire displacement sensor 17b simultaneously.
Claims (3)
1. by an experiment device for teaching for force method visualize, it is characterized in that, comprise rigid frame structure, charger, support and restraint device and measuring equipment;
Described rigid frame structure is made up of vertical hollow square bar (3a), laterally hollow square bar (3b) and rigid joint dish (4a); Vertical hollow square bar (3a) one end rigid joint dish (4a) is fixedly connected with, and the other end is fixedly connected with rigid joint dish (4b), realizes the connection of rigid frame structure and hold-down support; Laterally hollow square bar (3b) one end is fixedly connected with rigid joint dish (4a), and the other end is fixedly connected with pin joint dish (5), realizes being fixedly connected with of rigid frame structure and hinged-support;
Described charger is made up of worm and gear charger and counterweight charger;
Described worm and gear charger comprises worm and gear lifter (6), load bar (9), ball pivot (8) and rod member fixture (10); Worm and gear lifter (6) one end is fixedly connected with trolley platform (12a), trolley platform (12a) is installed on reaction frame (1) guide rail, trolley platform (12a) can along reaction frame (1) guide rail adjustment height, worm and gear lifter (6) other end is connected with force snesor (7), worm and gear lifter (6) by rotation hand wheel to rigid frame structure load application; Force snesor (7), ball pivot (8), load bar (9) are connected successively with rod member fixture (10); Rod member fixture (10) realizes charger and laterally hollow square bar (3b) or vertical hollow square bar (3a) are connected, rod member fixture (10) comprises pin (21), load bar web member (20) and rod member intermediate plate (22), and load bar web member (20) is connected by pin (21) with rod member intermediate plate (22); Vertical hollow square bar (3a) passes perpendicularly through groove that rod member intermediate plate (22) formed and is fixedly connected with rod member intermediate plate (22); By worm and gear charger, realize the loading and unloading to rigid frame structure;
Described counterweight charger is made up of counterweight, pallet (18), Height Adjustable fixed pulley (19), counterweight charger is fixed on pin joint dish (5), by counterweight charger, vertical load and horizontal loading are applied to rigid frame structure;
Described supporting and restraint device are made up of the constraint supporting of reaction frame and rigid frame structure;
Described reaction frame is made up of reaction frame (1) and base (2); Base (2) is fixed on the sill bottom of reaction frame (1), for supporting whole device; Described reaction frame (1) is made up of two, the left and right column of two crossbeams and the built-in guide rail up and down of built-in guide rail, and each crossbeam or column can fix worm and gear lifter (6) and trolley platform;
The constraint supporting of described rigid frame structure comprises hold-down support and fixed-hinged support; Hold-down support is made up of horizontal seat sensor (11a), vertically bearing sensor (11b) and rigid joint dish (4b), and two bearing sensors are fixed on reaction frame (1); Card extender bottom is connected with trolley platform (12b), and card extender side is connected with horizontal seat sensor (11a); Horizontal seat sensor (11a) is connected with rigid joint dish (4b); Vertical bearing sensor (11b) upper end is connected with rigid joint dish (4b), and lower end is connected with trolley platform (12b), and trolley platform (12b) is fixed on reaction frame (1) sill; Fixed-hinged support is made up of horizontal seat sensor (11c), vertical bearing sensor (11d), pin joint dish (5), hinged-support horizontal guide rail (13a) and hinged-support vertical guide (13b); Horizontal seat sensor (11c) is connected with pin joint dish (5) with vertical bearing sensor (11d) one end, vertical bearing sensor (11d) other end is connected with hinged-support horizontal guide rail (13a) by trolley platform (12d), and horizontal seat sensor (11c) other end is connected with hinged-support upright guide rail (13b) by trolley platform (12c); Hinged-support horizontal guide rail (13a) is arranged on box platform (16), hinged-support upright guide rail (13b) is arranged on card extender side, card extender opposite side is connected with web member (14), and card extender bottom is connected on hinged-support horizontal guide rail (13a) by trolley platform (12e); Screw-threaded shaft elevator (15) is arranged on box platform (16) side, be connected with card extender by web member (14), apply horizontal shift to rigid frame structure, box platform (16) is fixed on reaction frame (1) sill;
Measuring equipment comprises force snesor (7), foil gauge, horizontal guy displacement transducer (17a) and vertical stay wire displacement sensor (17b); Force snesor (7) records the payload values that worm and gear lifter (6) applies rigid frame structure; Strain gauge adhesion, at vertical hollow square bar (3a) and horizontal hollow square bar (3b) both sides diverse location, calculates rod member internal force size by the strain value recorded; Stay wire displacement sensor surveys level and vertical displacement; Above measuring equipment is connected with computing machine by data acquisition and analysis system, carries out Real-Time Monitoring by computing machine to every data.
2. a kind ofly as claimed in claim 1 be it is characterized in that by the experiment device for teaching of force method visualize, described rigid frame structure is " L " shape rigid frame, door shape rigid frame.
3. a kind ofly as claimed in claim 1 or 2 be it is characterized in that by the experiment device for teaching of force method visualize, described hinged-support horizontal seat sensor (11c) is detachable, and after removing, fixed-hinged support becomes removable hinged-support.
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