CN111540257B - Single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with liftable support - Google Patents
Single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with liftable support Download PDFInfo
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- CN111540257B CN111540257B CN202010461178.1A CN202010461178A CN111540257B CN 111540257 B CN111540257 B CN 111540257B CN 202010461178 A CN202010461178 A CN 202010461178A CN 111540257 B CN111540257 B CN 111540257B
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/10—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of solid bodies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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Abstract
A single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with a liftable support belongs to the teaching practice field of civil engineering professional structural mechanics. The experimental device comprises a bottom plate, a lifting frame, a connecting plate, a detachable sliding rail, a detachable sliding block, a supporting plate, a tension and pressure sensor, a support, a hinge point, a rigid node, an equal straight round rod, a strain gauge and acquisition equipment. The single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with the liftable support manufactured according to the invention integrates convenience and science, can carry out real experiments, can process experimental results immediately, and is very suitable for demonstration in a class with limited time; meanwhile, the experiment is simple to operate, convenient for novice to learn, and quite suitable for students to operate by hand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of teaching practice of civil engineering professional structural mechanics, and relates to a statically indeterminate single-span beam structure experimental device which can be used for carrying out a classroom demonstration experiment of structural internal force calculation during support movement in structural mechanics.
Background
Structural mechanics is a necessary repair subject of civil engineering professions in higher institutions, and mainly takes rod member structures such as beams, arches, trusses and rigid frames as main research objects, and researches internal force and deformation of the structure under the action of external force and other external factors according to the mechanical principle, and strength, rigidity, stability and dynamic response of the structure, and composition rules and stress performance of the structure.
At present, the teaching method of structural mechanics in higher institutions is mainly theoretical teaching, and the lack of experimental verification on related mechanics principles leads to insufficient understanding of related theories by partial classmates and even suspicious of related theories. Therefore, the introduction of experimental links in the structural mechanics teaching is a necessary trend of teaching development.
In the structural internal force calculation part during support movement of structural mechanics teaching, a single-span beam structure is often used as a research object, but a single-span beam structure model in a laboratory is mostly quite heavy and is not suitable for entering a classroom, so that the invention is particularly important to develop a related theory of structural internal force calculation during support movement in structural mechanics, wherein the single-span beam structure model is easy to disassemble and convenient to carry and the support is liftable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to change the current situation that the support is lack of a structural internal force calculation experiment demonstration link in the prior structural mechanics classroom teaching, the invention provides a single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with a liftable support. Through experiments, students can more accurately understand the theory related to the calculation of the internal force of the structure when the structural mechanical support moves.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with a liftable support comprises a bottom plate 1, a lifting frame 2, a connecting plate 3, a detachable sliding rail 4, a detachable sliding block 5, a supporting plate 6, a tension and pressure sensor 7, a support 8, a hinge point 9, a rigid node 10, an equal straight round rod 11, a strain gauge 12 and acquisition equipment.
The bottom plate 1 ensures the stability of the whole device by virtue of the dead weight thereof; two groups of lifting mechanisms are arranged on the bottom plate 1, and each group of lifting mechanism is sequentially provided with a lifting frame 2, a connecting plate 3, a detachable sliding rail 4, two detachable sliding blocks 5, a supporting plate 6, a tension pressure sensor 7 and a support 8 from bottom to top; the detachable sliding rail 4 can be assembled and disassembled according to the requirement; the two supporting plates 6 can be fixed on the top end of the detachable sliding block 5, slide together with the detachable sliding block 5 and also can be directly fixed on the connecting plate 3; the tension pressure sensor 7 is used for measuring the counterforce of the support 8; the hinging point 9 and/or the rigid point 10 are/is fixed on the support 8 according to the need; the equal straight round bars 11 are arranged on the hinge points 9 and/or the rigid points 10, and the equal straight round bars 11 with different diameters are replaced according to the need; the strain gauges 12 are fixed on the equal-straight round rods 11, and each equal-straight round rod 11 is fixed with two pairs of strain gauges 12; the acquisition equipment is a strain gauge and acquires the internal force of the model and the counter force of the support;
the single-span structure demonstration experiment device can realize demonstration of a statically indeterminate single-span model with two fixed ends, a statically indeterminate single-span model with one fixed end and one hinged end, a statically indeterminate single-span model with one fixed end and one free end, and a statically indeterminate single-span model with two hinged ends. The specific experimental device was adjusted as follows:
when the hyperstatic single-span beam model with fixed two ends is demonstrated, the detachable sliding rail 4 and the detachable sliding block 5 at the two ends are removed, the supporting plates 6 at the two ends are directly fixed on the connecting plate 3, and the supports 8 at the two ends are provided with rigid nodes 10;
when the hyperstatic single-span beam model with one end fixed and hinged is demonstrated, the detachable sliding rail 4 and the detachable sliding block 5 at one end are removed, the supporting plate 6 at the end is directly fixed on the connecting plate 3, the end support 8 is provided with a rigid node 10, and the other end support 8 is provided with a hinged node 9;
when a statically determinate single-span beam model with one free end is demonstrated, a detachable sliding rail 4 and a detachable sliding block 5 at one end are removed, a supporting plate 6 at the end is directly fixed on a connecting plate 3, a rigid node 10 is arranged on a supporting seat 8 at the end, and no node is arranged at the other end;
when the statically determinate single-span beam model with hinged ends is demonstrated, the detachable sliding rail 4 and the detachable sliding block 5 at one end are removed, the end supporting plate 6 is directly fixed on the connecting plate 3, and the supports 8 at the two ends are all provided with hinge points 9.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with the liftable support manufactured according to the invention integrates convenience and science, can carry out real experiments, can process experimental results immediately, and is very suitable for demonstration in a class with limited time; meanwhile, the experiment is simple to operate, convenient for novice to learn, and quite suitable for students to operate by hand.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with a liftable support.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with a liftable support.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with a liftable support.
In the figure: the strain gauge comprises a bottom plate 1, a lifting frame 2, a connecting plate 3, a detachable sliding rail 4, a detachable sliding block 5, a supporting plate 6, a tension pressure sensor 7, a support 8, a hinging point 9, a rigid point 10, a straight round rod 11 and the like, and a strain gauge 12.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention comprises the following steps: a single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with a liftable support comprises a bottom plate 1, two lifting frames 2, two connecting plates 3, two detachable sliding rails 4, four detachable sliding blocks 5, two supporting plates 6, two tension and pressure sensors 7, two supports 8, a plurality of hinge points 9, a plurality of rigid points 10, a plurality of equal-straight round rods 11 with different diameters, strain gauges 12 and acquisition equipment. The specific installation mode of the equipment is as follows:
FIG. 1 is a front view of a single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with a liftable support; FIG. 2 is a side view of a single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with a liftable support; fig. 3 is a top view of a single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with a liftable support.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the bottom plate 1 ensures the stability of the whole device by virtue of its own weight; the two lifting frames 2 are fixed on the bottom plate 1 and used for generating support displacement, and the distance between the two lifting frames can be adjusted according to the requirement; the two connecting plates 3 are respectively fixed on the two lifting frames 2; the two detachable sliding rails 4 are respectively fixed on the two connecting plates 3 and can be assembled and disassembled according to the requirement; the four detachable sliding blocks 5 are connected with the sliding rail in pairs, so that the sliding blocks can freely slide on the sliding rail and can be assembled and disassembled according to the requirement; the two supporting plates 6 can be fixed on the top end of the detachable sliding block 5 and slide with the sliding block simultaneously, and can also be directly fixed on the connecting plate 3; the bottoms of the two tension and pressure sensors 7 are respectively fixed on the two supporting plates 6 and are used for measuring the counter force of the support; the two supports 8 are respectively fixed at the tops of the two tension pressure sensors 7, so that the successful transmission of the support counter force is ensured; both the hinge point 9 and the rigid point 10 can be fixed to the support 8 as required.
The invention can realize a statically indeterminate single-span beam model with two fixed ends, a statically indeterminate single-span beam model with one fixed end and one hinged end, a statically indeterminate single-span beam model with one fixed end and one free end, and a statically indeterminate single-span beam model with two hinged ends. When the statically indeterminate single-span beam model with two fixed ends is constructed, the detachable sliding rail 4 and the detachable sliding block 5 at the two ends are removed, the two supporting plates 6 are directly fixed on the connecting plate 3, and the nodes fixed on the two supports 8 are changed into rigid nodes 10; when a statically indeterminate single-span beam model with one end fixed and hinged is constructed, the detachable sliding rail 4 and the detachable sliding block 5 at one end are removed, the end supporting plate 6 is directly fixed on the connecting plate 3, the node fixed on the end support 8 is replaced by a rigid node 10, and the support 8 at the other end of the detachable sliding rail 4 and the detachable sliding block 5 is replaced by a hinged node; when a static single-span beam model with one fixed end and one free end is constructed, a detachable sliding rail 4 and a detachable sliding block 5 at one end are removed, a supporting plate 6 at the end is directly fixed on a connecting plate 3, a node fixed on a supporting seat 8 at the end is changed into a rigid node 10, and the other end is not connected with the node; when the statically determinate single-span beam model with hinged two ends is constructed, the detachable sliding rail 4 and the detachable sliding block 5 at one end are removed, the end supporting plate 6 is directly fixed on the connecting plate 3, the other end is not removed, and the nodes fixed on the two supports 8 are replaced by hinge points 9.
The equal straight round bars 11 can be fixed on the nodes at the two ends, and bars with different diameters can be replaced according to the requirement. The invention can also be used for exploring the influence experiment of the rigidity of the rod piece on the internal force of the static and hyperstatic structures when the support is displaced, and the displacement of the support can be applied only by replacing the equal straight round rods 11 with different diameters while keeping the structural form unchanged.
The strain gauges 12 are fixed on the equal straight round rods 11, two pairs of strain gauges are fixed on each round rod, and the strain gauges are positioned on the quartering points at the two ends of the round rods; the acquisition equipment is a strain gauge and acquires the internal force of the model and the counter force of the support;
and the structural internal force calculation experiment step when the support moves:
firstly, selecting a single-span beam model, installing the single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with the liftable support according to the mode, and switching on a power supply of the strain gauge.
And secondly, keeping a support at one end still, adjusting the lifting frame 2 at the other end to ascend by about 0.5cm, preloading, and carrying out balance zero clearing on the strain gauge.
And thirdly, keeping a support at one end motionless, adjusting the lifting frame 2 at the other end to ascend, wherein each stage is about 0.5cm, and the two stages are loaded for at least 5 seconds, so that the data stability of the strain gauge is ensured, and the data of internal force and support counter force are acquired.
And fourthly, post-processing the acquired data to obtain the internal force of the single-span beam model.
And fifthly, unloading, namely keeping the support at one end to be motionless, regulating the lifting frame 2 at the other end to descend, and recovering the model to a state before loading.
When the support is displaced, the experimental step of the influence of the rigidity of the rod piece on the internal force of the structure comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a single-span beam model, installing the single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with the liftable support according to the mode, and switching on a power supply of the strain gauge.
And secondly, keeping a support at one end still, adjusting the lifting frame 2 at the other end to ascend by about 0.5cm, preloading, and carrying out balance zero clearing on the strain gauge.
And thirdly, keeping a support at one end motionless, adjusting the lifting frame 2 at the other end to ascend, wherein each stage is about 0.5cm, and the two stages are loaded for at least 5 seconds, so that the data stability of the strain gauge is ensured, and the data of internal force and support counter force are acquired.
And fourthly, post-processing the acquired data to obtain the internal force of the single-span beam model.
And fifthly, unloading, namely keeping the support at one end to be motionless, regulating the lifting frame 2 at the other end to descend, and recovering the model to a state before loading.
And sixthly, replacing 2-3 equal straight round rods 11 with different diameters, and repeating the first to fifth steps to summarize the influence of the rigidity of the rod piece on the internal force of the structure when the support is displaced.
Claims (2)
1. The single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with the liftable support is characterized by comprising a bottom plate (1), a lifting frame (2), a connecting plate (3), a detachable sliding rail (4), a detachable sliding block (5), a supporting plate (6), a tension and pressure sensor (7), a support (8), a hinge point (9), a rigid point (10), an equal straight round rod (11), a strain gauge (12) and acquisition equipment;
the bottom plate (1) ensures the stability of the whole device by virtue of the dead weight thereof; two groups of lifting mechanisms are arranged on the bottom plate (1), and each group of lifting mechanism is sequentially provided with a lifting frame (2), a connecting plate (3), a detachable sliding rail (4), two detachable sliding blocks (5), a supporting plate (6), a tension pressure sensor (7) and a support (8) from bottom to top; the detachable sliding rail (4) can be assembled and disassembled according to the requirement; the two supporting plates (6) can be fixed on the top end of the detachable sliding block (5) and slide simultaneously with the detachable sliding block (5) and also can be directly fixed on the connecting plate (3); the tension pressure sensor (7) is used for measuring the counterforce of the support (8); the hinging point (9) and/or the rigid point (10) are/is fixed on the support (8) according to the requirement; the equal straight round rods (11) are arranged on the hinge points (9) and/or the rigid points (10), and the equal straight round rods (11) with different diameters are replaced according to the need; the strain gauges (12) are fixed on the equal-straight round rods (11), and each equal-straight round rod (11) is fixed with two corresponding strain gauges (12); the acquisition equipment is a strain gauge and is used for acquiring the internal force of the model and the counter force of the support.
2. The single-span structure demonstration experiment device with the liftable support is characterized by being capable of realizing demonstration of a statically indeterminate single-span model with two fixed ends, a statically indeterminate single-span model with one fixed end hinged and one free end, a statically indeterminate single-span model with one fixed end and a statically indeterminate single-span model with two hinged ends; the specific experimental device was adjusted as follows:
when the statically indeterminate single-span beam model with two fixed ends is demonstrated, the detachable sliding rail (4) and the detachable sliding block (5) at the two ends are removed, the supporting plates (6) at the two ends are directly fixed on the connecting plate (3), and the supporting seats (8) at the two ends are provided with rigid nodes (10);
when the hyperstatic single-span beam model with one end fixed and hinged is demonstrated, a detachable sliding rail (4) and a detachable sliding block (5) at one end are detached, a supporting plate (6) at the end is directly fixed on a connecting plate (3), a rigid node (10) is arranged on a support (8) at the end, and a hinge node (9) is arranged on a support (8) at the other end;
when a statically determinate single-span beam model with one free end is demonstrated, a detachable sliding rail (4) and a detachable sliding block (5) at one end are detached, a supporting plate (6) at the end is directly fixed on a connecting plate (3), a rigid node (10) is arranged on a supporting seat (8) at the end, and no node is arranged at the other end;
when the statically determinate single-span beam model with hinged ends is demonstrated, the detachable sliding rail (4) and the detachable sliding block (5) at one end are removed, the end supporting plate (6) is directly fixed on the connecting plate (3), and the supports (8) at the two ends are all provided with hinge points (9).
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| CN202010461178.1A CN111540257B (en) | 2020-05-27 | 2020-05-27 | Single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with liftable support |
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| CN202010461178.1A CN111540257B (en) | 2020-05-27 | 2020-05-27 | Single-span beam structure demonstration experiment device with liftable support |
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