CN113531553B - Vertical pyrolysis incinerator and temperature stability control method thereof - Google Patents
Vertical pyrolysis incinerator and temperature stability control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113531553B CN113531553B CN202110857117.1A CN202110857117A CN113531553B CN 113531553 B CN113531553 B CN 113531553B CN 202110857117 A CN202110857117 A CN 202110857117A CN 113531553 B CN113531553 B CN 113531553B
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 fan speed Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
- F23G2201/304—Burning pyrosolids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical pyrolysis incinerator and a temperature stability control method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps of 1) lowering a material separation device to a feeding door by a lifting device, filling garbage, and then resetting: step 2) the control device judges the primary feeding of the cooling furnace according to the temperatures of the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber, and starts the air supply device and the combustor for preheating; step 3) lowering the material separating device to a feeding position to discharge the garbage, repeating the step 1) to perform next garbage filling, and performing drying treatment on the garbage positioned on the material separating device by utilizing high temperature in the furnace; step 4) when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to a judgment temperature after a set incineration duration, setting an air supply device and a first combustor of a first combustion chamber for incineration by a control device according to a humidity signal obtained by a humidity sensor on a material separation device and a volume signal obtained by an ultrasonic probe on the material separation device; and 5) when no material is loaded on the material separation device, the furnace is regarded as the last furnace, and the control device starts the second combustor. The furnace temperature disturbance can be reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of household garbage treatment, in particular to a vertical pyrolysis incinerator and a temperature stability control method thereof.
Background
The urban and rural domestic garbage generation amount in China is second in the world, and the urban garbage surrounding problem is increasingly prominent as 1.8 hundred million tons per year.
The treatment mode of waste incineration is a main method for treating urban waste in developed countries due to the characteristics of small occupied area, high treatment efficiency, resource utilization and the like. Among the various waste incineration methods, pyrolysis gasification incineration equipment has the advantages of small occupied area, easy site selection, short treatment time, remarkable reduction, thorough harmlessness, waste heat recycling and the like, is widely adopted in developed countries, gradually becomes the leading process of small waste disposal plants, and is suitable for being popularized and used in areas where some wastes in medium and small towns are suitable for being disposed nearby.
However, the household garbage often has the characteristics of higher moisture content, lower heat value, uneven components and the like, and meanwhile, the conventional small pyrolysis incineration equipment rarely treats all links influencing the temperature in the incineration process, so that the problems of large temperature fluctuation, poor stability of flue gas heat value, low efficiency of pyrolysis gasification, high concentration of combustion pollutants and the like occur in the garbage pyrolysis gasification and combustion processes, and the stable operation of the whole system is influenced.
Therefore, how to provide a temperature stability control method for a vertical pyrolysis incinerator to reduce furnace temperature disturbance and energy consumption is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method for controlling temperature stability of a vertical pyrolysis incinerator, so as to reduce temperature disturbance of the incinerator and reduce energy consumption. Another object of the present invention is to provide a vertical pyrolysis incinerator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a temperature stability control method for a vertical pyrolysis incinerator comprises the following steps:
step 1) a lifting device descends a material separation device to a feeding door, the feeding door is opened to load garbage onto the material separation device, the feeding door is closed, and the lifting device lifts the material separation device to an initial position:
step 2) starting an automatic incineration function of the vertical pyrolysis incinerator, judging that the primary feeding of the cold furnace is carried out by a control device according to the temperatures of a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber in the vertical pyrolysis incinerator, and starting an air supply device of the first combustion chamber, a first combustor of the first combustion chamber and a second combustor of the second combustion chamber for preheating;
step 3) after preheating is completed, the material separation device is lowered to a feeding position, an opening and closing partition plate at the bottom of the material separation device moves to discharge garbage onto a fire grate, then the material separation device is lifted to an initial position, the step 1) is repeated to carry out next garbage filling, and the garbage on the material separation device is dried by utilizing high temperature in the furnace;
step 4) when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to a judgment temperature after a set incineration duration, setting an air supply device and a first combustor of the first combustion chamber by the control device according to a humidity signal obtained by a humidity sensor on the material separation device and a volume signal obtained by an ultrasonic probe on the material separation device for incineration;
and 5) when no charge is arranged on the material separation device, the furnace is regarded as the last furnace, and the control device starts the second burner.
Preferably, the control device adjusts the amount of air supplied from the air supply device of the first combustion chamber based on an oxygen signal from an oxygen sensor in the furnace body.
Preferably, the control device receives a temperature signal from a temperature sensor in the furnace body and performs closed-loop temperature control of the first burner.
Preferably, the control device receives a pressure signal from a pressure sensor in the furnace body to perform closed-loop pressure control.
The invention also provides a vertical pyrolysis incinerator, which comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body comprises a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber, the furnace body is provided with a feeding door, the vertical pyrolysis incinerator also comprises a control device, a material separation device, a lifting device, a grate, a first combustor, an air supply device, a flue gas outlet, a steam outlet and a slag discharging device, wherein,
the smoke outlet and the steam outlet are both arranged at the upper part of the first combustion chamber, the slag discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the first combustion chamber,
the smoke outlet is communicated with the second combustion chamber, a second combustor is arranged on the second combustion chamber, the first combustion chamber is provided with the air supply device,
the material separation device is movably arranged in the first combustion chamber, the lifting device is connected with the material separation device, the bottom of the material separation device is provided with an opening and closing partition plate for bearing garbage and movably discharging the garbage,
the fire grate is arranged at the bottom of the first combustion chamber, the first combustor is fixed on the first combustion chamber, a combustion port of the first combustor faces the fire grate,
the first combustion chamber is provided with a first temperature sensor, the second combustion chamber is provided with a second temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an ultrasonic probe are arranged on the material separation device, and the control device is connected with the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the ultrasonic probe in a signal mode.
Preferably, the first combustion chamber is provided with an oxygen sensor, and the control device is in signal connection with the oxygen sensor.
Preferably, the air supply device comprises a ventilation pipe, a fan and an air distribution pipe,
the ventilating pipe is arranged in the furnace body, one end of the ventilating pipe is communicated with the outside atmosphere, the fan is arranged on the ventilating pipe to supply air, the air distribution pipe is fixed on the ventilating pipe and is communicated with the other end of the ventilating pipe,
the gas distribution pipe is positioned below the fire grate, and the gas nozzle of the gas distribution pipe faces the fire grate,
the first combustion chamber is provided with a driving device and a stirring device, the stirring device is rotatably arranged in the furnace body and is positioned above the fire grate, the stirring device is fixed on the ventilation pipe, and the driving device drives the stirring device to rotate through the ventilation pipe.
Preferably, the opening and closing partition plate comprises a first half partition plate and a second half partition plate, the first half partition plate is hinged at one end of the annular frame, the second half partition plate is hinged at the other end of the annular frame,
the first half partition plate is provided with a first half sleeve, the second half partition plate is provided with a second half sleeve, and when the first half partition plate and the second half partition plate are closed, the first half sleeve and the second half sleeve form a complete sleeve to be sleeved on the ventilation pipe.
Preferably, the material separation device comprises a baffle plate, an annular frame, an upper stop block and the opening and closing partition plate,
the opening and closing partition plate is hinged on the annular frame, the upper stop block is arranged on the annular frame and stops the opening and closing partition plate from moving upwards,
the baffle is arranged on the annular frame.
Preferably, the first combustion chamber is provided with a lower stopper for moving the opening/closing partition plate to discharge the garbage.
The invention provides a temperature stability control method for a vertical pyrolysis incinerator, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) a lifting device descends a material separation device to a feeding door, the feeding door is opened to load garbage onto the material separation device, the feeding door is closed, and the lifting device lifts the material separation device to an initial position:
step 2) starting an automatic incineration function of the vertical pyrolysis incinerator, judging that the primary feeding of the cold furnace is carried out by a control device according to the temperatures of a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber in the vertical pyrolysis incinerator, and starting an air supply device of the first combustion chamber, a first combustor of the first combustion chamber and a second combustor of the second combustion chamber for preheating;
step 3) after preheating is completed, the material separation device is lowered to a feeding position, an opening and closing partition plate at the bottom of the material separation device moves to discharge garbage onto a fire grate, then the material separation device is lifted to an initial position, the step 1) is repeated to carry out next garbage filling, and the garbage on the material separation device is dried by utilizing high temperature in the furnace;
step 4) when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to a judgment temperature after a set incineration duration, setting an air supply device and a first combustor of the first combustion chamber by the control device according to a humidity signal obtained by a humidity sensor on the material separation device and a volume signal obtained by an ultrasonic probe on the material separation device for incineration;
and 5) when no charge is loaded on the material separation device, the furnace is regarded as the last furnace, and the control device starts the second burner.
The separation of the drying area is realized through the material separating device, the garbage on the material separating device is dried by the heat generated by the garbage combusted on the fire grate, and meanwhile, the disturbance of the furnace temperature is reduced and the energy consumption is reduced through corresponding control.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vertical pyrolysis incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system framework of a temperature stability control method for a vertical pyrolysis incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for stably controlling the temperature of a vertical pyrolysis incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a material separation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the above FIGS. 1-4:
feeding door 1, material separation device 2, first combustion chamber 3, ventilation pipe 4, first combustor 5, temperature sensor 6, temperature and pressure sensor 7, lifting device 8, humidity sensor and ultrasonic probe 9, second combustor 10, stirring device 11, second combustion chamber 12, temperature and pressure sensor 13, air distribution pipe 14, opening and closing partition plate 15, special-shaped steel ring 16, baffle 17, upper baffle 18 and sleeve 19.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical pyrolysis incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic system frame diagram of a temperature stabilization control method for a vertical pyrolysis incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for stably controlling the temperature of a vertical pyrolysis incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a material separation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The temperature stability control method for the vertical pyrolysis incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1) the lifting device 8 descends the material separating device 2 to the feeding door 1, the feeding door 1 is opened to load garbage to the material separating device 2, the feeding door 1 is closed, and the lifting device 8 lifts the material separating device 2 to the initial position:
step 2) starting the automatic incineration function of the vertical pyrolysis incinerator, judging that the cooling furnace primarily feeds according to the temperatures of a first combustion chamber 3 and a second combustion chamber 12 in the vertical pyrolysis incinerator by a control device, and starting an air supply device of the first combustion chamber 3, a first combustor 5 of the first combustion chamber 3 and a second combustor 10 of the second combustion chamber for preheating;
step 3) after preheating is finished, the material separating device 2 descends to a feeding position, an opening and closing partition plate 15 at the bottom of the material separating device 2 moves to discharge garbage onto a fire grate, then the material separating device is lifted to an initial position, the step 1) is repeated to carry out next garbage filling, and the garbage on the material separating device 2 is dried by utilizing high temperature in the furnace;
step 4) when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to the judgment temperature after a set incineration duration, setting an air supply device and a first combustor 5 of a first combustion chamber 3 by a control device according to a humidity signal obtained by a humidity sensor on a material separation device 2 and a volume signal obtained by an ultrasonic probe on the material separation device 2, and incinerating, wherein the positions of the humidity sensor and the ultrasonic probe 9 are the upper part of the material separation device 2 as shown in figure 1;
and step 5) when no material is loaded on the material separation device 2, the furnace is regarded as the last furnace, and the control device starts the second combustor 10.
The separation of the drying area is realized through the material separating device 2, the garbage on the material separating device 2 is dried by the heat generated by the garbage combusted on the fire grate, and meanwhile, the disturbance of the furnace temperature is reduced and the energy consumption is reduced through corresponding control.
In order to further optimize the above solution, the control device adjusts the air supply amount of the air supply device of the first combustion chamber 3 according to the oxygen signal of the oxygen sensor in the furnace body.
In order to further optimize the above solution, the control device receives the temperature signals of the temperature sensors in the furnace body (the temperature sensors are arranged at a plurality of positions in the furnace body, such as the positions shown by the temperature sensor 6 and the temperature and pressure sensor 7 in fig. 1) and the first burner 5 to perform temperature closed-loop control.
In order to further optimize the above solution, the control device receives pressure signals from pressure sensors (multiple locations or only one location in the furnace), which are located in the furnace, for example, the locations indicated by the temperature and pressure sensors 7 in fig. 1, and performs closed-loop pressure control.
The temperature stability control method for the vertical pyrolysis incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention aims at the problems that in the pyrolysis, gasification and incineration process of garbage, the temperature in a first pyrolysis and gasification chamber, namely a first combustion chamber 3 influences the pyrolysis and gasification efficiency of the garbage, the temperature in a second combustion chamber, namely a second combustion chamber 12 determines the sufficient degree of incineration and directly determines the clean degree of tail gas, and the temperature control in the two chambers influences the efficiency and pollutant emission of the whole pyrolysis and incineration process, so that corresponding improvements are made. The temperature control level of the pyrolysis gasification incineration system is improved, and the method has important significance for improving the efficiency and stable operation of the pyrolysis gasification process.
In the temperature stability control method for the vertical pyrolysis incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention, a burner is used for preheating two combustion chambers when the garbage is fed for the first time, so that the combustion temperature condition of the garbage fed for the first time is consistent with that of the garbage fed for the normal time; in the middle garbage throwing process, the ignition time of the combustor is intervened in advance by combining the judgment of the humidity and the volume of the garbage, so that the temperature fluctuation in the garbage throwing process is reduced; at the end of the waste incineration process and even in the whole incineration process, through combining a plurality of oxygen sensors and pressure data in the container, on the premise of ensuring the basic working conditions of oxygen deficiency of the first combustion chamber 3 and peroxy combustion of the second combustion chamber 12 and internal micro negative pressure, the air intake of the two combustion chambers and the induced air volume of the fan are adjusted in real time, the adjustment of the multi-section firepower of the combustor arranged by combining the combustion chambers is carried out, closed-loop control is carried out on the temperature, the waste incineration in the whole operation process of the incinerator is ensured to be in the state of normal pyrolysis gasification and sufficient combustion, the sufficient combustion is ensured to the maximum extent, and the emission of pollutants is controlled.
In the method for stably controlling the temperature of the vertical pyrolysis incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention, relevant structures and detection parts of the incinerator are shown in fig. 1, and meanwhile, as shown in fig. 2, the incinerator equipment is also provided with a matched electric control system which comprises an input unit for detecting signals of various sensors, an interaction unit comprising contents such as manual operation instructions and information display, a control unit, and a driving output unit comprising ignition control, fan start-stop speed regulation, lifting device control and the like, wherein the driving output unit is applied to the incinerator.
According to the temperature stability control method of the vertical pyrolysis incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention, the working process of the incinerator only comprises the functions of a pyrolysis incineration part and does not comprise a subsequent tail gas purification treatment part, wherein garbage is manually fed from a feeding door 1, when the garbage is fed, a lifting device 8 can lift the lower part of a material separating device 2 to the position below an inlet of the feeding door 1, the garbage is lifted to a fixed position by the lifting device 8 after being collected, the garbage in the material separating device 2 is heated in an isolation mode by utilizing the pyrolysis gasification temperature in the incinerator until the system automatically judges that the garbage in the incinerator needs to be fed to the lower part of a first combustion chamber 3, and the garbage in the material separating device 2 is always in the isolation drying process, so that the moisture content of the garbage is reduced. The whole incineration process is completed only by loading materials to the material separation device 2 through manual operation, and the rest steps are automatically completed through a control system.
The embodiment of the invention provides a temperature stability control method for a vertical pyrolysis incinerator, which comprises the following steps:
1. preheating the furnace body before automatic feeding after the first manual loading of the garbage. When the system judges that the incinerator is charged for the first time, the system temporarily stores garbage in the material separating device 2, controls the first and second combustion chambers to ignite and heat the incinerator at the same time, and finishes the throwing of the garbage through the lifting device 8 after the first and second combustion chambers are preheated to a set temperature.
2. In the process of burning, the system combines monitoring data of all states, including oxygen concentration, temperature change, volume of pre-dried garbage, fan speed, smoke pressure and the like, controls a burner to intervene in advance before throwing, and reduces temperature fluctuation when garbage is thrown;
3. in the tail section of the garbage incineration and even the whole incineration process, the air quantity is adjusted in real time by combining the data of the oxygen sensor, and the temperature is closed-loop controlled by the temperature sensor and the combustor, so that ideal reaction conditions are provided for pyrolysis gasification and full combustion to the maximum extent.
The incinerator completes pyrolysis incineration treatment on garbage through two areas, namely a first combustion chamber 3 and a second combustion chamber 12, wherein the garbage in the first combustion chamber 3 is in a pyrolysis gasification state, the bottom layer of the garbage in the incinerator is in an oxidation combustion state, the middle layer of the garbage in the incinerator is in a pyrolysis reduction state, and the upper layer of the garbage in the incinerator is in a drying state. The incinerated slag is discharged from the bottom, the garbage is added from the filler on the upper part, and in the whole incineration process, the garbage gradually sinks to form the slag after the state reaction process of each layer. Combustible gas generated by pyrolysis and gasification enters the second combustion chamber 12, is fully combusted through high-temperature peroxide, and is purified by a tail gas treatment system and then is discharged into the atmosphere.
When the temperature stability control method for the vertical pyrolysis incinerator is implemented in actual operation, the working process is described as follows:
1. after the incinerator power is started, a material feeding starting button is manually operated, the material feeding door 1 is opened in the system control, the lifting device 8 can be a lifting machine, and the lifting machine can transfer the material separating device 2 to the inlet of the material feeding door 1. After the garbage is filled manually, a feeding completion button is operated, the system controls the feeding door 1 to be closed, and meanwhile, the elevator lifts the material separation device 2 to the upper part;
2. an operator starts an automatic incineration function, the system judges that the primary feeding of the cooling furnace is carried out by combining the temperatures of the two combustion chambers, a fan, an induced draft fan and a first combustor 5 are started to complete the preheating of the furnace body, after the preheating of the two combustion chambers is completed, a lifter lowers a material separation device 2 to a feeding position, the material separation device is lifted to an initial position after the feeding of garbage is completed, a screen prompts that the material separation device 2 allows manual feeding, and the system responds to the manual feeding starting function in the last step;
3. monitoring a temperature time change curve of the first combustion chamber 3 to be used as a judgment condition of automatic feeding, when the temperature rises to a high point and falls to the temperature of the judgment condition after a set incineration duration, estimating the humidity and the volume of the fed garbage by the system by combining the data of a humidity sensor at the upper part of the isolating device 2 and an ultrasonic probe 9, starting the flow of the automatic feeding part described in the step 2, increasing the air volume of the first combustion chamber according to a set algorithm through estimated data information, starting the first combustor 5 for combustion, and recovering the normal combustion control after the air volume and the intervention process of the first combustor 5 are completed;
4. when the automatic feeding judgment condition is met and the material separation device 2 does not feed materials, the system is regarded as the treatment process of the last furnace of garbage, and the system starts a corresponding incineration control flow, namely, the temperature of the flue gas incineration process is maintained by reducing the air inflow of the first combustion chamber 3 and starting the second combustor 10, the system is stopped after fixed time, or the system can be manually stopped through a manual observation port;
5. except the special working conditions in the incineration process, the system mainly adjusts the air quantity in real time according to the data of the oxygen sensor in the whole incineration process, and carries out closed-loop control on the temperature through the temperature sensor and the combustor, thereby providing ideal reaction conditions for pyrolysis gasification and full combustion to the maximum extent.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a vertical pyrolysis incinerator, which comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body comprises a first combustion chamber 3 and a second combustion chamber 12, a feeding door 1 is arranged on the furnace body, the vertical pyrolysis incinerator also comprises a control device, a material separating device 2, a lifting device 8, a fire grate, a first combustor 3, an air supply device, a flue gas outlet, a steam outlet and a slag discharging device, wherein,
the flue gas outlet and the steam outlet are both arranged at the upper part of the first combustion chamber 3, the slag discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the first combustion chamber 3,
the smoke outlet is communicated with a second combustion chamber 12, a second combustor 10 is arranged on the second combustion chamber 12, an air supply device is arranged on the first combustion chamber 3,
the material separating device 2 is movably arranged in the first combustion chamber 3, the lifting device 8 is connected with the material separating device 2, the bottom of the material separating device 2 is provided with an opening and closing partition plate 15 for bearing garbage and movably discharging the garbage, as shown in figure 3,
the fire grate is arranged at the bottom of the first combustion chamber 3, the first combustor 5 is fixed on the first combustion chamber 3, the combustion port of the first combustor faces the fire grate,
Realize the dry zone through separating material device 2 and keep apart, during the use, separate material device 2 and descend to throwing material door 1 department, open and throw material door 1 and load rubbish to separating material device 2 on, the heat that the rubbish that is located the burning on the grate produced can dry the rubbish on separating material device 2 so, falls the rubbish after drying down to the grate through separating the baffle 15 that opens and shuts on the material device 2 and burn to reduce furnace temperature disturbance, reduce the energy consumption.
In order to further optimize the scheme, the air supply device comprises a ventilation pipe 4, a fan and an air distribution pipe 14, the ventilation pipe 4 is arranged in the furnace body, one end of the ventilation pipe 4 is communicated with the outside atmosphere, the fan is arranged on the ventilation pipe 4 to supply air, the air distribution pipe 14 is fixed on the ventilation pipe 4 and is communicated with the other end of the ventilation pipe 4, the air distribution pipe 14 is arranged below the fire grate, an air jet of the air distribution pipe faces the fire grate, the first combustion chamber 3 is provided with a driving device and a stirring device 11, the stirring device 11 is rotatably arranged in the furnace body and above the fire grate, the stirring device 11 is fixed on the ventilation pipe 4, and the driving device drives the stirring device 11 to rotate through the ventilation pipe 4. The ventilation pipe 4 is used as a connecting rotating shaft, air enters the furnace through the ventilation pipe 4 and the air distribution pipe 14 under the action of the fan and rotates under the driving of the ventilation pipe 4, so that ventilation is uniform, combustion is more sufficient, the air sequentially passes through the drying region, the pyrolysis region, the reduction region and the combustion region from top to bottom, air preheating is realized, and energy consumption is further reduced.
In order to further optimize the above solution, the opening and closing partition plate 15 comprises a first half partition plate and a second half partition plate, as shown in fig. 3, the first half partition plate is hinged at one end of the annular frame, the second half partition plate is hinged at the other end of the annular frame, a first half sleeve is arranged on the first half partition plate, a second half sleeve is arranged on the second half partition plate, and when the first half partition plate and the second half partition plate are closed, the first half sleeve and the second half sleeve form a complete sleeve 19 which is sleeved on the ventilation pipe 4.
In order to further optimize the above scheme, the material separating device 2 comprises a baffle 17, an annular frame, an upper baffle 18 and an opening and closing partition 15, as shown in fig. 3, the annular frame can be a special-shaped steel ring 16, the opening and closing partition 15 is hinged on the annular frame, the upper baffle 18 is arranged on the annular frame to block the opening and closing partition 15 from moving upwards, and the baffle 17 is arranged on the annular frame. The first combustion chamber 3 is provided with a lower stopper for moving the opening/closing partition 15 to discharge the garbage.
The feeding door 1 is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body, the height of the feeding port corresponding to the feeding door 1 is H2, the height of the furnace body is H, and the height of the baffle 17 is H3, wherein H1 is more than H2 (H-H3).
In order to further optimize the above solution, the stirring device 11 comprises a transmission shaft directly or indirectly connected with the driving device, and the transmission shaft is provided with a stirring rod. The stirring rod is a cone with a thick upper part and a thin lower part. The fed garbage is uniformly stirred, the slag scraping effect is achieved, and the combustion efficiency is improved.
Wherein, hoisting device 8 includes hoist engine and wire rope, and drive arrangement includes motor and bevel gear transmission structure.
The vertical pyrolysis incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention can solve the problems that the conventional pyrolysis incinerator directly puts garbage into the incinerator, a large amount of water vapor carried in the garbage is evaporated, the heat value of pyrolysis gas is reduced, the direct putting has large disturbance on the incinerator temperature, cold air absorbs a large amount of heat, and the like, which are not favorable for normal and continuous operation of equipment.
The embodiment of the invention provides a vertical pyrolysis incinerator which comprises:
furnace body height H, dog-house lower extreme apart from furnace body bottom height H2, baffle 17 height H3, the dog welding is at the furnace body inner wall down, apart from furnace body bottom height H1, each dimensional relation satisfies: h1 is more than H2 (H-H3), the material separation device 2 can move up and down along the ventilation pipe 4 under the action of the lifting device 8, and the moving range is from H1 to H-H3 from the bottom of the furnace body; the stirring device 11 consists of a transmission shaft, a stirring rod and a bolt.
During operation, the material separating device 2 can isolate and dry newly-input wet garbage under the action of the lifting device 8, meanwhile, the material separating device 2 is placed to the lower stop block through the lifting device 8 and then is continuously placed, the opening and closing partition plate 15 of the material separating device 2 is opened under the combined action of gravity and the lower stop block, the dried garbage is input into the fire grate, and the disturbance to the temperature in the fire grate is reduced; water vapor evaporated from the wet garbage is discharged from a steam outlet, one part of the water vapor is connected to a garbage reduction area in the furnace, and the other part of the water vapor enters a subsequent waste treatment device; the ventilation pipe 4 rotates under the action of the driving device and drives the stirring device 11 and the air distribution pipe 14 to rotate, and the stirring device 11 can uniformly stir the garbage and has a slag scraping function; the air distribution pipe 14 rotates to enable ventilation to be more uniform and combustion to be more sufficient, and air sequentially passes through the drying region, the pyrolysis region, the reduction region and the combustion region from top to bottom from the ventilation steel pipe, so that air preheating is realized; the first burner 5 completes the preheating of the furnace body when the equipment is just started and simultaneously plays a role in supporting combustion when the equipment just starts burning or the temperature in the furnace is insufficient; combustible gas generated by pyrolysis and gasification enters the second combustion chamber 12 from the flue gas outlet for further and sufficient combustion; the ash slag generated by the reaction is cleaned by a slag discharging device at the bottom of the furnace.
The embodiment of the invention provides a vertical pyrolysis incinerator which comprises:
1. the first combustion chamber 3 is provided with an oxygen sensor, the control device is in signal connection with the oxygen sensor, and the temperature and the pressure of the main combustion process are controlled in a closed loop mode through the oxygen sensor, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, so that ideal reaction conditions are provided for pyrolysis gasification and full combustion to the maximum extent;
2. the combustion furnace is preheated during the first fuel feeding, so that the temperature condition of pyrolysis and gasification of garbage entering the furnace can be effectively ensured, the consistency of environmental conditions in the combustion process is ensured, and the pyrolysis and gasification efficiency is improved;
3. the advanced intervention of the combustor and air volume control is realized by combining the garbage humidity and the garbage volume during automatic feeding, so that the large disturbance of the garbage feeding on the temperature in the furnace is avoided, and the stability of pyrolysis gasification is ensured;
4. in the waste incineration ending stage, the conventional lowest air inflow of the first combustion chamber is reduced, the tail gas temperature of the second combustion chamber is ensured, and the tail gas quality of the tail end is ensured while the energy consumption is effectively reduced.
According to the vertical pyrolysis incinerator and the temperature stability control method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention, each stage and working condition of the incineration process are automatically judged by using detection and operation data, and specific temperature control adjustment measures are adopted under special working conditions such as the first feeding stage, the automatic feeding stage and the ending stage, so that the stability of the whole process of waste incineration is ensured; through the setting of multiple sensor, carry out closed-loop control to the temperature of main part combustion process, pressure, guaranteed the optimization of refuse treatment efficiency and energy resource consumption.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A vertical pyrolysis incinerator comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body comprises a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber, a feeding door is arranged on the furnace body, and the vertical pyrolysis incinerator is characterized by further comprising a control device, a material separation device, a lifting device, a grate, a first combustor, an air supply device, a flue gas outlet, a steam outlet and a slag discharging device, wherein,
the flue gas outlet and the steam outlet are both arranged at the upper part of the first combustion chamber, the slag discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the first combustion chamber,
the smoke outlet is communicated with the second combustion chamber, a second combustor is arranged on the second combustion chamber, the first combustion chamber is provided with the air supply device,
the material separation device is movably arranged in the first combustion chamber, the lifting device is connected with the material separation device, the bottom of the material separation device is provided with an opening and closing partition plate for bearing garbage and movably discharging the garbage,
the fire grate is arranged at the bottom of the first combustion chamber, the first combustor is fixed on the first combustion chamber, a combustion opening of the first combustor faces the fire grate,
the first combustion chamber is provided with a first temperature sensor, the second combustion chamber is provided with a second temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an ultrasonic probe are arranged on the material separation device, and the control device is connected with the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the ultrasonic probe in a signal mode.
2. The vertical pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said first combustion chamber is provided with an oxygen sensor, and said control means is in signal connection with said oxygen sensor.
3. The vertical pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the air supply means comprises a ventilation duct, a fan, and a distribution duct,
the ventilating pipe is arranged in the furnace body, one end of the ventilating pipe is communicated with the outside atmosphere, the fan is arranged on the ventilating pipe to supply air, the air distribution pipe is fixed on the ventilating pipe and is communicated with the other end of the ventilating pipe,
the gas distribution pipe is positioned below the fire grate, and the gas nozzle of the gas distribution pipe faces the fire grate,
the first combustion chamber is provided with a driving device and a stirring device, the stirring device is rotatably arranged in the furnace body and is positioned above the fire grate, the stirring device is fixed on the ventilation pipe, and the driving device drives the stirring device to rotate through the ventilation pipe.
4. The vertical pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 3, wherein the partition means comprises a baffle plate, a ring frame, an upper stopper and the opening and closing partition plate,
the opening and closing partition plate is hinged on the annular frame, the upper stop block is arranged on the annular frame and stops the opening and closing partition plate from moving upwards,
the baffle is arranged on the annular frame.
5. The vertical pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 4, wherein the opening and closing partition plate comprises a first half partition plate hinged at one end of the ring frame and a second half partition plate hinged at the other end of the ring frame,
the first half partition plate is provided with a first half sleeve, the second half partition plate is provided with a second half sleeve, and when the first half partition plate and the second half partition plate are closed, the first half sleeve and the second half sleeve form a complete sleeve to be sleeved on the ventilation pipe.
6. The vertical type pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a lower stopper for moving the opening and closing partition to discharge garbage is provided in the first combustion chamber.
7. A temperature stabilization control method of a vertical pyrolysis incinerator, which is applied to the vertical pyrolysis incinerator of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
step 1), the lifting device descends the material separation device to a material feeding door, the material feeding door is opened to load garbage onto the material separation device, the material feeding door is closed, and the lifting device lifts the material separation device to an initial position:
step 2) starting an automatic incineration function of the vertical pyrolysis incinerator, judging that the primary feeding of the cold furnace is carried out by a control device according to the temperatures of a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber in the vertical pyrolysis incinerator, and starting an air supply device of the first combustion chamber, a first combustor of the first combustion chamber and a second combustor of the second combustion chamber for preheating;
step 3) after preheating is completed, the material separation device is lowered to a feeding position, an opening and closing partition plate at the bottom of the material separation device moves to discharge garbage onto a fire grate, then the material separation device is lifted to an initial position, the step 1) is repeated to carry out next garbage filling, and the garbage on the material separation device is dried by utilizing high temperature in the furnace;
step 4) when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to a determined temperature after a set incineration time, setting an air supply device and a first combustor of the first combustion chamber by the control device according to a humidity signal obtained by a humidity sensor on the material separation device and a volume signal obtained by an ultrasonic probe on the material separation device, and incinerating;
and 5) when no charge is loaded on the material separation device, the furnace is regarded as the last furnace, and the control device starts the second burner.
8. The method for controlling the temperature stability of a vertical pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 7, wherein said control means adjusts the amount of air supplied from the air supply means of the first combustion chamber in accordance with an oxygen signal from an oxygen sensor in the incinerator body.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the control device receives the temperature signal from the temperature sensor in the furnace body and the first burner to perform closed-loop temperature control.
10. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the control device receives a pressure signal from a pressure sensor in the furnace body to perform pressure closed-loop control.
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