CN113529070A - Laser cladding preparation method of lining plate - Google Patents
Laser cladding preparation method of lining plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113529070A CN113529070A CN202110782215.3A CN202110782215A CN113529070A CN 113529070 A CN113529070 A CN 113529070A CN 202110782215 A CN202110782215 A CN 202110782215A CN 113529070 A CN113529070 A CN 113529070A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cladding preparation method of a lining plate, which relates to the technical field of material surface engineering and laser technology application, and comprises the steps of processing to obtain a lining plate alloy structure steel base material, removing impurities such as oil stain and the like, dividing the base material into four areas with the same area according to a Chinese character 'tian', carrying out deformation prevention treatment, clamping and preheating two lining plate alloy structure base materials, conveying laser cladding powder to one area of a first lining plate alloy structure base material, carrying out laser cladding, carrying out surface coloring flaw detection on a cladding layer, detecting whether flaws such as cracks exist, turning over the two lining plate alloy structure base materials which are welded together, carrying out laser cladding again, and detecting whether flaws such as cracks exist; performing the same operation on other areas; and grinding off the side welding bead and machining. The invention has the advantages of more uniform distribution of thermal stress, greatly reduced occurrence rate of part buckling deformation, less pollution, wide process application range, low molding cost and improved precision and wear resistance of the lining plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material surface engineering and laser technology application, in particular to a laser cladding preparation method of a lining plate.
Background
Laser cladding is a new technology for carrying out alloy strengthening treatment on various parts by using high-energy laser and metal powder materials, and after treatment, the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the parts can be obviously improved, the service life of the parts can be prolonged, and the purposes of increasing yield and reducing consumption can be achieved. The laser cladding working principle is that alloy powder fed in different filling modes is subjected to laser irradiation to be simultaneously melted with the surface of a matrix, and is rapidly solidified to form a surface coating which has extremely low dilution rate and is metallurgically bonded with the matrix, so that the performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and the like of the surface of the matrix material are obviously improved. The laser cladding technology solves a series of technical problems of inevitable thermal deformation, thermal fatigue damage and the like in the traditional hot processing processes of surfacing welding, plasma arc welding, electric welding, argon arc welding and the like, and also solves the problem of poor bonding strength of the coating and the matrix in the traditional cold processing processes of electroplating, spraying and the like, thereby providing a good path for the development of part strengthening technology. The high-grade lining plate is widely applied in the industries of machinery, ships, metallurgy, chemical engineering and the like, has large using amount, is often worn due to the reasons of abrasion, fatigue, thermal stress, corrosion, impact, vibration and the like in use due to severe working conditions, and has short service life. The high-grade lining plate not only requires high wear resistance and long service life of the lining plate, but also has the characteristics of high precision and the like, even the stainless steel lining plate is difficult to meet the requirements, and the traditional strengthening process is as follows: the thermal deformation is large due to large heat input in modes of submerged arc surfacing, open arc surfacing, electric arc welding, plasma surfacing, argon arc welding and the like, so that the prepared reinforced lining plate cannot meet the requirements of high precision, high hardness and the like of the lining plate, and the high-precision, high-wear-resistance and high-grade lining plate cannot be prepared by the traditional process method.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a laser cladding preparation method of the lining plate, so that the distribution of thermal stress is more uniform, the buckling deformation incidence rate of parts is greatly reduced, the pollution is small, the process application range is wide, the forming cost is low, and the precision and the wear resistance of the lining plate are improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a laser cladding preparation method of a lining plate comprises the following steps:
(1) processing according to the drawing requirements to obtain a lining plate alloy structure steel base material;
(2) blackening the surface of the lining plate alloy structure base material obtained in the step (1), cleaning the surface to be clad of the base material by using industrial alcohol, and removing impurities such as oil stains;
(3) dividing the surface of the lining plate alloy structure base material obtained in the step (2) into A, B, C, D four areas with the same area according to the shape of Chinese character tian, and marking;
(4) and (3) deformation prevention treatment: stacking two identical lining plate alloy structural base materials and welding the side edges of the two identical lining plate alloy structural base materials together, so that the two lining plate alloy structural base materials are stacked at the same position in the area divided in the step (3), the non-working surfaces of the lining plate alloy structural base materials are close to each other, and finally, fixing the two lining plate alloy structural base materials on a laser cladding workbench;
(5) clamping the two lining plate alloy structural base materials;
(6) preheating a lining plate alloy structure base material: preheating the surface of the substrate by using a high-temperature heater, wherein the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the preheating time is 2-5 minutes;
(7) conveying laser cladding powder to an area A of a first lining plate alloy structure base material through coaxial powder feeding, performing laser cladding, performing surface dye inspection on the cladding layer, and detecting whether defects such as cracks exist;
(8) turning over two lining plate alloy structure base materials which are welded together, firmly fixing the two base materials on a laser cladding workbench through a clamping device again, observing the surface temperature of the lining plate alloy structure base materials by using a temperature detection device, carrying out laser cladding on an area A of the other base material working surface of the other side of the area A of the first lining plate alloy structure base material at 200-300 ℃ by adopting the same process parameters to obtain a cladding layer, carrying out surface coloring flaw detection on the cladding layer, and detecting whether defects such as cracks exist;
(9) repeating the operation of the area A of the two lining plate alloy structure base materials in the steps (7) and (8) for the area B, C of the two lining plate alloy structure base materials and the area D opposite to the area A;
(10) and grinding side weld beads of the two clad lining plate alloy structure base materials, respectively machining the two clad lining plate alloy structure base materials, grinding the cladding layer with the single-side grinding amount of 0.8-1.0 mm, and then grinding the non-clad surface on the back of the lining plate alloy structure base material with the single-side grinding amount of 1mm to obtain the lining plate with the size, tolerance and surface finish meeting the requirements.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the prefabricated thickness of the cladding layer is 1.8-2.0 mm.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is: 3.8 ~ 4.0KW, the rectangle facula is: 2X 14mm, the lap joint ratio is: 30-50%, the scanning speed is: 350-400 mm/min, protective gas: argon, powder feeding speed: 4.5-5.5 g/s, the flow of the powder conveying gas is as follows: 8L/min.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the step (5), an anti-deformation rotatable tool combination is used for clamping the two lining plate alloy structure base materials, and comprises a rack, rotating motors fixedly connected to two sides of the rack and ten clamping devices fixedly connected to the rack; during fixing, ten clamping devices on the rotating motor and the rack apply proper force to tighten the substrate with the alloy structure of the substrate; and (8) overturning the welded lining plate alloy structural base materials through the driving of a rotating motor.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and (7) adopting unidirectional scanning for the scanning path during laser cladding.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the laser cladding powder in the step (7) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mo: 4.0%, B: 1.3%, Cr: 18%, C: 0.9%, Si: 1.6%, Ni: 11 percent of Fe, and the balance of Fe, wherein each component is powder with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the granularity of 135-325 meshes.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the technical progress that:
the plane partition laser cladding adopted by the invention ensures that the distribution of thermal stress is more uniform, the incidence rate of part warping deformation is greatly reduced, a cladding plane with higher precision is obtained, the pollution is small, the process application range is wide, the forming cost is low, the automation degree is high, the comprehensive performance of the formed workpiece is excellent, and the method is suitable for various laser cladding processes.
According to the invention, through zone-type symmetrical alternate laser cladding, the heat input of each zone is balanced, the thermal deformation is reduced, the prepared reinforced lining plate meets the requirements of high precision, high hardness and the like, and the precision and the wear resistance of the lining plate are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the division of the substrate region in the alloy structure of the lining plate of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples:
as shown in fig. 1, a laser cladding preparation method of a lining plate comprises the following steps:
(1) processing according to the drawing requirements to obtain a lining plate alloy structure steel base material;
(2) blackening the surface of the lining plate alloy structure base material obtained in the step (1), cleaning the surface to be clad of the base material by using industrial alcohol, and removing impurities such as oil stains;
(3) dividing the surface of the lining plate alloy structure base material obtained in the step (2) into A, B, C, D four areas with the same area according to the shape of Chinese character tian, and marking;
(4) and (3) deformation prevention treatment: stacking two identical lining plate alloy structural base materials and welding the side edges of the two identical lining plate alloy structural base materials together, so that the two lining plate alloy structural base materials are stacked at the same position in the area divided in the step (3), the non-working surfaces of the lining plate alloy structural base materials are close to each other, and finally, fixing the two lining plate alloy structural base materials on a laser cladding workbench;
(5) clamping the two lining plate alloy structural base materials; clamping two lining plate alloy structure substrates by using an anti-deformation rotatable tool combination, wherein the anti-deformation rotatable tool combination comprises a rack, rotating motors fixedly connected to two sides of the rack and ten clamping devices fixedly connected to the rack; during fixing, ten clamping devices on the rotating motor and the rack apply proper force to tighten the substrate with the alloy structure of the substrate;
(6) preheating a lining plate alloy structure base material: preheating the surface of the substrate by using a high-temperature heater, wherein the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the preheating time is 2-5 minutes;
(7) conveying laser cladding powder to an area A of a first lining plate alloy structure base material through coaxial powder feeding, performing laser cladding, performing surface dye inspection on the cladding layer, and detecting whether defects such as cracks exist; the prefabricated thickness of the cladding layer is 1.8-2.0 mm; the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is: 3.8 ~ 4.0KW, the rectangle facula is: 2X 14mm, the lap joint ratio is: 30-50%, the scanning speed is: 350-400 mm/min, protective gas: argon, powder feeding speed: 4.5-5.5 g/s, the flow of the powder conveying gas is as follows: 8L/min; the laser cladding scanning path adopts unidirectional scanning; the laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mo: 4.0%, B: 1.3%, Cr: 18%, C: 0.9%, Si: 1.6%, Ni: 11 percent, the balance being Fe, each component being powder with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the granularity of 135-325 meshes;
(8) the method comprises the steps that the lining plate alloy structure base materials welded together are turned over under the driving of a rotating motor, the two base materials are firmly fixed on a laser cladding workbench through a clamping device again, the surface temperature of the lining plate alloy structure base materials is observed through a temperature detection device, so that laser cladding is carried out on an area A of the other base material working surface of the other side of the area A of the first lining plate alloy structure base material at 200-300 ℃ by adopting the same technological parameters, a cladding layer is obtained, surface coloring flaw detection is carried out on the cladding layer, and whether flaws such as cracks exist is detected;
(9) repeating the operation of the area A of the two lining plate alloy structure base materials in the steps (7) and (8) for the area B, C of the two lining plate alloy structure base materials and the area D opposite to the area A;
(10) and grinding side weld beads of the two clad lining plate alloy structure base materials, respectively machining the two clad lining plate alloy structure base materials, grinding the cladding layer with the single-side grinding amount of 0.8-1.0 mm, and then grinding the non-clad surface on the back of the lining plate alloy structure base material with the single-side grinding amount of 1mm to obtain the lining plate with the size, tolerance and surface finish meeting the requirements.
Example (b):
the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mo: 4.0%, B: 1.3%, Cr: 18%, C: 0.9%, Si: 1.6%, Ni: 11% and the balance of Fe; the alloy powder comprises the components of powder with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the granularity of 135-325 meshes. The following steps are carried out: (1) processing a lining plate alloy structural steel 35CrMo base material according to a drawing; (2) blackening the surface of the base material, cleaning the surface of the base material to be clad by adopting industrial alcohol, and removing impurities such as oil stains and the like; (3) carrying out anti-deformation treatment, welding two same base materials together through side edges to enable the non-working surfaces of the base materials to be close to each other, clamping the two base materials with the lining plate alloy structure, and firmly fixing the two welded base materials on a laser cladding workbench through a peripheral pressing device; (4) preheating the base material: preheating the surface of the base material by using a high-temperature heater, wherein the preheating temperature is 200 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 2 minutes; (5) conveying the powder to the surface of a base material to be clad through coaxial powder feeding, and carrying out laser cladding through laser scanning, wherein the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is: 3.8KW, rectangular facula is: 2X 14mm, the lap joint ratio is: 50%, the scanning speed is: 350mm/min, protective gas: argon, powder feeding speed: 4.5g/s, the flow rate of the powder conveying gas is as follows: 8L/min to obtain a cladding layer, wherein the prefabricated thickness of the cladding layer is 1.8 mm. (ii) a (6) Carrying out surface dye inspection on the cladding layer, and detecting whether defects such as cracks exist; (7) turning over the welded base materials, firmly fixing the two base materials on a laser cladding workbench through a peripheral pressing device, and carrying out laser cladding on the working surface of the other base material through the same process parameters to obtain a cladding layer; (8) carrying out surface dye inspection on the cladding layer, and detecting whether defects such as cracks exist; (9) grinding off weld beads on the side edges of two pieces of base materials which are well cladded, respectively machining the two pieces of base materials which are cladded, grinding the cladding layer, wherein the single-side grinding amount is 0.8mm, then grinding the non-cladded surface on the back surface of the base material, and the single-side grinding amount is 1mm, so that the high-precision high-wear-resistance high-grade lining plate with the size, tolerance and surface finish meeting the requirements is obtained.
The results of the continuous multi-pass lap joint experiment are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
After the test is finished, uniformly spreading and leveling the cladding layers of all the samples, wherein the thickness of the cladding layers is 1.8-2.0 mm; obtaining a smooth and stain-free cladding layer surface after surface polishing treatment; and carrying out penetration flaw detection on the test sample by using a flaw detection agent, wherein all the cladding layers of the test sample have no cracks.
The hardness of the cladding layer was measured using a hand-held chromium hardness tester.
The hardness of the cladding layer is shown in table 2 (4 samples taken as an average):
TABLE 2
| Sample No. 1 | Sample No. 2 | Sample No. 3 | Sample No. 4 |
| 59HRC | 61HRC | 59HRC | 60HRC |
The test results show that: the cladding layer has smooth surface, high hardness and high smoothness after grinding.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A laser cladding preparation method of a lining plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) processing according to the drawing requirements to obtain a lining plate alloy structure steel base material;
(2) blackening the surface of the lining plate alloy structure base material obtained in the step (1), cleaning the surface to be clad of the base material by using industrial alcohol, and removing impurities such as oil stains;
(3) dividing the surface of the lining plate alloy structure base material obtained in the step (2) into A, B, C, D four areas with the same area according to the shape of Chinese character tian, and marking;
(4) and (3) deformation prevention treatment: stacking two identical lining plate alloy structural base materials and welding the side edges of the two identical lining plate alloy structural base materials together, so that the two lining plate alloy structural base materials are stacked at the same position in the area divided in the step (3), the non-working surfaces of the lining plate alloy structural base materials are close to each other, and finally, fixing the two lining plate alloy structural base materials on a laser cladding workbench;
(5) clamping the two lining plate alloy structural base materials;
(6) preheating a lining plate alloy structure base material: preheating the surface of the substrate by using a high-temperature heater, wherein the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the preheating time is 2-5 minutes;
(7) conveying laser cladding powder to an area A of a first lining plate alloy structure base material through coaxial powder feeding, performing laser cladding, performing surface dye inspection on the cladding layer, and detecting whether defects such as cracks exist;
(8) turning over two lining plate alloy structure base materials which are welded together, firmly fixing the two base materials on a laser cladding workbench through a clamping device again, observing the surface temperature of the lining plate alloy structure base materials by using a temperature detection device, carrying out laser cladding on an area A of the other base material working surface of the other side of the area A of the first lining plate alloy structure base material at 200-300 ℃ by adopting the same process parameters to obtain a cladding layer, carrying out surface coloring flaw detection on the cladding layer, and detecting whether defects such as cracks exist;
(9) repeating the operation of the area A of the two lining plate alloy structure base materials in the steps (7) and (8) for the area B, C of the two lining plate alloy structure base materials and the area D opposite to the area A;
(10) and grinding side weld beads of the two clad lining plate alloy structure base materials, respectively machining the two clad lining plate alloy structure base materials, grinding the cladding layer with the single-side grinding amount of 0.8-1.0 mm, and then grinding the non-clad surface on the back of the lining plate alloy structure base material with the single-side grinding amount of 1mm to obtain the lining plate with the size, tolerance and surface finish meeting the requirements.
2. The laser cladding preparation method of the lining plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the prefabricated thickness of the cladding layer is 1.8-2.0 mm.
3. The laser cladding preparation method of the lining plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is: 3.8 ~ 4.0KW, the rectangle facula is: 2X 14mm, the lap joint ratio is: 30-50%, the scanning speed is: 350-400 mm/min, protective gas: argon, powder feeding speed: 4.5-5.5 g/s, the flow of the powder conveying gas is as follows: 8L/min.
4. The laser cladding preparation method of the lining plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), an anti-deformation rotatable tool combination is used for clamping the two lining plate alloy structure base materials, and comprises a rack, rotating motors fixedly connected to two sides of the rack and ten clamping devices fixedly connected to the rack; during fixing, ten clamping devices on the rotating motor and the rack apply proper force to tighten the substrate with the alloy structure of the substrate; and (8) overturning the welded lining plate alloy structural base materials through the driving of a rotating motor.
5. The laser cladding preparation method of the lining plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (7) adopting unidirectional scanning for the scanning path during laser cladding.
6. The laser cladding preparation method of the lining plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser cladding powder in the step (7) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mo: 4.0%, B: 1.3%, Cr: 18%, C: 0.9%, Si: 1.6%, Ni: 11 percent of Fe, and the balance of Fe, wherein each component is powder with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the granularity of 135-325 meshes.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114082964A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-25 | 安徽恒均粉末冶金科技股份有限公司 | Production device and preparation method of movable electrode plate made of dispersion-strengthened copper alloy material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114082964A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-25 | 安徽恒均粉末冶金科技股份有限公司 | Production device and preparation method of movable electrode plate made of dispersion-strengthened copper alloy material |
| CN114082964B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2023-12-12 | 安徽恒均粉末冶金科技股份有限公司 | Production device and preparation method of dispersion-strengthened copper alloy material electrokinetic electrode plate |
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Application publication date: 20211022 |