CN113523627A - Additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control device, system and method - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control device, system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113523627A CN113523627A CN202111094581.6A CN202111094581A CN113523627A CN 113523627 A CN113523627 A CN 113523627A CN 202111094581 A CN202111094581 A CN 202111094581A CN 113523627 A CN113523627 A CN 113523627A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
Abstract
The invention relates to a temperature measurement and control device for additive manufacturing, which belongs to the technical field of temperature measurement and control and comprises a first temperature detector, a first temperature regulator, a second temperature detector, a second temperature regulator, a data memory and a main controller; the main controller is respectively connected with the first temperature detector, the first temperature regulator, the second temperature detector, the second temperature regulator and the data memory. In the invention, stirring and welding are combined on the basis of the existing surfacing welding; namely, the combination of the argon arc welding nozzle and the stirring head can ensure that the components of the surfacing layer are uniform; on the basis, the temperatures of surfacing and stirring are measured and controlled in real time through the cooperation of the first temperature detector, the first temperature regulator, the second temperature detector and the second temperature regulator, so that the standard operating temperatures of the surfacing and stirring are ensured, and the forming precision is further improved; the safe and reliable operation of the additive manufacturing equipment is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of temperature measurement and control, and particularly relates to a device, a system and a method for measuring and controlling the temperature of additive manufacturing.
Background
The electric arc wire feeding additive manufacturing technology (WAAM) adopts welding electric arc as a heat source to melt metal wires, and each layer of the metal wires is stacked on a substrate according to a set forming path and is stacked layer by layer until a formed metal piece is formed. Compared with various additive manufacturing technologies adopting powder raw materials, the WAAM has the advantages of higher material utilization rate, high molding efficiency, low equipment cost and basically no limit to the size of a molded part. The electric arc additive manufacturing technology is to manufacture a compact metal solid component in a layer-by-layer overlaying mode, and is suitable for low-cost, efficient and quick near-net forming of large-size complex components due to the fact that electric arcs are used as energy carrying beams, heat input is high, forming speed is high, and the electric arc additive manufacturing technology is suitable for low-cost, efficient and quick near-net forming of large-size complex components. In the face of the requirements of manufacturing cost and reliability of special metal structures, structural parts of the metal structures are gradually developed to be large-sized, integrated and intelligent, so that the technology has the advantages of efficiency and cost which are incomparable with other additive technology in the aspect of forming large-sized structural parts. However, WAAM has a defect that the forming accuracy is slightly poor, the microstructure of the formed product is coarse, and the components are segregated.
Therefore, at the present stage, a device, a system and a method for measuring and controlling the temperature of additive manufacturing are needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device, a system and a method for measuring and controlling the additive manufacturing temperature, which are used for solving the technical problems in the prior art, such as: the molding precision is slightly poor, the microstructure of the molded product is coarse, and the composition is segregated.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a material increase manufacturing temperature measurement and control device comprises a first temperature detector, a first temperature regulator, a second temperature detector, a second temperature regulator, a data memory and a main controller; the main controller is respectively connected with the first temperature detector, the first temperature regulator, the second temperature detector, the second temperature regulator and the data memory;
the first temperature detector is used for detecting temperature data in the additive manufacturing surfacing process in real time and recording the temperature data as real-time surfacing temperature data; the second temperature detector is used for detecting temperature data in the additive manufacturing stirring process in real time and recording the temperature data as real-time stirring temperature data; the data memory is used for storing standard surfacing temperature data during additive manufacturing surfacing and standard stirring temperature data during additive manufacturing stirring;
the main controller judges the real-time surfacing temperature data and the standard surfacing temperature data, and controls the first temperature regulator to regulate the real-time surfacing temperature data to be matched with the standard surfacing temperature data if the real-time surfacing temperature data is not matched with the standard surfacing temperature data;
the main controller judges the real-time stirring temperature data and the standard stirring temperature data, and if the real-time stirring temperature data is not matched with the standard stirring temperature data, the second temperature regulator is controlled to regulate the real-time stirring temperature data to be matched with the standard stirring temperature data.
Further, the main controller controls the first temperature detector to be in an on state, and controls the first temperature regulator, the second temperature detector and the second temperature regulator to be in an off state;
if the real-time surfacing temperature data is not matched with the standard surfacing temperature data, the main controller controls the first temperature regulator to start; until the real-time surfacing temperature data is matched with the standard surfacing temperature data, the main controller controls the first temperature regulator to be closed and controls the second temperature detector to be started;
if the real-time stirring temperature data is not matched with the standard stirring temperature data, the main controller controls the second temperature regulator to start; and controlling the second temperature regulator to be closed by the main controller until the real-time stirring temperature data is matched with the standard stirring temperature data.
Further, assume that the distance between the bead welding nozzle and the stirring structure is Δ X, and the standard bead welding temperature data isT1, standard stirring temperature data ofT2, the cooling rate of the metal in the air istAnd the welding speed is v, then:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,T1 andTthe unit of 2 is,tin units of ℃/s, and v in units of mm/s.
The stirring device further comprises a stirring structure vibration detector and a vibration abnormity alarm, wherein the stirring structure vibration detector and the vibration abnormity alarm are respectively connected with the main controller;
the stirring structure vibration detector is used for detecting vibration data of the stirring structure in real time and recording the vibration data as real-time stirring vibration data, and the data storage device stores standard stirring vibration data of the stirring structure;
and if the real-time stirring vibration data are not matched with the standard stirring vibration data, the main controller controls the vibration abnormity alarm to alarm for vibration abnormity.
The distance detection device and the distance abnormity alarm are respectively connected with the main controller;
the distance detector is used for detecting the distance between the surfacing nozzle and the stirring structure in real time and recording the distance as real-time distance data, and if the real-time distance data is not matched with the delta X, the main controller controls the distance abnormity alarm to alarm for distance abnormity.
The utility model provides an additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control system, includes foretell additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control device, still includes wireless communication unit and remote monitoring terminal, main control unit passes through wireless communication unit with remote monitoring terminal internet access.
A material increase manufacturing temperature measurement and control method adopts the material increase manufacturing temperature measurement and control device to measure and control material increase manufacturing temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
one of the beneficial effects of the scheme is that stirring is combined with welding on the basis of the existing surfacing welding; namely, the combination of the argon arc welding nozzle and the stirring head can ensure that the components of the surfacing layer are uniform; on the basis, the temperatures of surfacing and stirring are measured and controlled in real time through the cooperation of the first temperature detector, the first temperature regulator, the second temperature detector and the second temperature regulator, so that the standard operating temperatures of the surfacing and stirring are ensured, and the forming precision is further improved; the safe and reliable operation of the additive manufacturing equipment is ensured.
One of the beneficial effects of the scheme is that when the temperature measurement and control device is started, the first temperature detector is started firstly, when the welding temperature does not reach the standard, the first temperature regulator is started, when the welding temperature regulation reaches the standard, the second temperature detector is started and the first temperature detector is closed, and when the stirring temperature does not reach the standard, the second temperature regulator is started; namely, the first temperature detector, the first temperature regulator, the second temperature detector and the second temperature regulator are matched in a starting and closing mode in sequence, and therefore invalid consumption of part of devices can be avoided.
One of the beneficial effects of this scheme lies in, in order to prevent that the stirring head from appearing unusual vibration or damaging etc. because long-time action, comes real-time detector vibration data through set up corresponding vibration detector on the stirring head, and accessible vibration anomaly alarm reports to the police when vibration data is unusual, but the condition that the staff was not aware of can effectively avoid the stirring head to break down. In order to prevent the deviation of the distance between the stirring head and the argon arc welding nozzle due to long-time action, the distance data of the stirring head is detected in real time through a distance detector, abnormal alarm is carried out when the distance data is abnormal, and related workers can timely overhaul according to the abnormal alarm.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a temperature measurement and control operation flow according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 3 of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, a temperature measurement and control device for additive manufacturing is provided, which includes a first temperature detector, a first temperature regulator, a second temperature detector, a second temperature regulator, a data storage, and a main controller; the main controller is respectively connected with the first temperature detector, the first temperature regulator, the second temperature detector, the second temperature regulator and the data memory;
the first temperature detector is used for detecting temperature data in the additive manufacturing surfacing process in real time and recording the temperature data as real-time surfacing temperature data; the second temperature detector is used for detecting temperature data in the additive manufacturing stirring process in real time and recording the temperature data as real-time stirring temperature data; the data memory is used for storing standard surfacing temperature data during additive manufacturing surfacing and standard stirring temperature data during additive manufacturing stirring;
the main controller judges the real-time surfacing temperature data and the standard surfacing temperature data, and controls the first temperature regulator to regulate the real-time surfacing temperature data to be matched with the standard surfacing temperature data if the real-time surfacing temperature data is not matched with the standard surfacing temperature data;
the main controller judges the real-time stirring temperature data and the standard stirring temperature data, and if the real-time stirring temperature data is not matched with the standard stirring temperature data, the second temperature regulator is controlled to regulate the real-time stirring temperature data to be matched with the standard stirring temperature data.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 2, the additive manufacturing device adopted by the scheme is as follows: comprises a beam 1, a stirring head 2, an argon arc welding nozzle 3, an argon arc welding wire 4 and a surfacing layer 5. Crossbeam 1 sets up on equipment, and argon arc welds nozzle 3 and stirring head 2 and sets up on crossbeam 1, and two adjustment positions are apart from delta X, and the argon arc that has the tungsten utmost point welds nozzle 3 and argon arc and welds welding wire 4 and accomplishes welding process, forms built-up layer 5, stirs through stirring head 2 after the shaping, and after the stirring, dynamic recrystallization is accomplished to built-up layer 5. The argon arc welding nozzle 3 and the argon arc welding wire 4 form a weld overlay, and are then stirred by the rotating stirring head 2. Segregation is easily generated during the formation of the overlay layer 5, so that the overlay layer 5 has harmful defects, resulting in a reduction in quality. The structure state of the overlaying layer is an as-cast structure and is of a columnar dendritic structure, the stirring head 2 rotates and stirs the overlaying layer with high-temperature viscoplasticity, coarse grains of the overlaying layer 5 are fully crushed, the components of the overlaying layer are uniform, the overlaying layer 5 is stirred by the stirring head 2 to flow and deform, power is provided for subsequent dynamic recrystallization, and therefore the structure grains are refined and are converted into fine and uniform isometric crystals.
In the scheme, stirring and welding are combined on the basis of the existing surfacing welding; namely, the combination of the argon arc welding nozzle and the stirring head can ensure that the components of the surfacing layer are uniform; on the basis, the temperatures of surfacing and stirring are measured and controlled in real time through the cooperation of the first temperature detector, the first temperature regulator, the second temperature detector and the second temperature regulator, so that the standard operating temperatures of the surfacing and stirring are ensured, and the forming precision is further improved; the safe and reliable operation of the additive manufacturing equipment is ensured.
As shown in fig. 3, based on the above scheme, the main controller controls the first temperature detector to be in an on state, and controls the first temperature regulator, the second temperature detector and the second temperature regulator to be in an off state;
if the real-time surfacing temperature data is not matched with the standard surfacing temperature data, the main controller controls the first temperature regulator to start; until the real-time surfacing temperature data is matched with the standard surfacing temperature data, the main controller controls the first temperature regulator to be closed and controls the second temperature detector to be started;
if the real-time stirring temperature data is not matched with the standard stirring temperature data, the main controller controls the second temperature regulator to start; and controlling the second temperature regulator to be closed by the main controller until the real-time stirring temperature data is matched with the standard stirring temperature data.
In the scheme, when the temperature measurement and control device is started, the first temperature detector is started firstly, the first temperature regulator is started when the welding temperature does not reach the standard, the second temperature detector is started and the first temperature detector is closed when the welding temperature regulation reaches the standard, and the second temperature regulator is started when the stirring temperature does not reach the standard; namely, the first temperature detector, the first temperature regulator, the second temperature detector and the second temperature regulator are matched in a starting and closing mode in sequence, and therefore invalid consumption of part of devices can be avoided.
Based on the scheme, the distance between the surfacing nozzle and the stirring structure is assumed to be delta X, and the standard surfacing temperature data isT1, standard stirring temperature data ofT2, the cooling rate of the metal in the air istAnd the welding speed is v, then:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,T1 andTthe unit of 2 is,tin units of ℃/s, and v in units of mm/s.
In the scheme, the ER308L argon arc welding wire is adopted for surfacing, and the temperature during surfacing is (T1) About 1400 ℃, the required temperature for friction stir welding: (T2) The cooling rate of the metal in the air is 100 ℃/s, and the welding speed of a welding machine is controlled to be 5 mm/s. Calculated according to the formula in the claims: Δ X is 22.5 mm.
And adjusting the distance between surfacing and stirring according to the calculated delta X. A welding wire with a diameter of 1.6mm is selected and placed on a wire feeder with the welding wire in place. Setting the welding current of the welding machine to be 130A, the welding voltage to be 13V, the welding speed to be 5mm/s and the welding parameters to be in place. The stirring head rotation rate was set at 80 r/s.
And starting a welding machine, melting welding wires to form a surfacing layer, wherein the temperature of the surfacing layer is about 1400 ℃, the formed surfacing layer moves to a stirring position for stirring, the lowest temperature is 950 ℃ after the stirring is finished, the stirred surfacing layer is dynamically recrystallized at the temperature to form isometric crystals, and after the completion of one step, the next surfacing layer is formed according to the same steps. The comparison of the performance of the overlay welding layer after overlaying welding and the performance of the overlay welding and stirring is as follows:
on the basis of the scheme, the device further comprises a stirring structure vibration detector and a vibration abnormity alarm, wherein the stirring structure vibration detector and the vibration abnormity alarm are respectively connected with the main controller;
the stirring structure vibration detector is used for detecting vibration data of the stirring structure in real time and recording the vibration data as real-time stirring vibration data, and the data storage device stores standard stirring vibration data of the stirring structure;
and if the real-time stirring vibration data are not matched with the standard stirring vibration data, the main controller controls the vibration abnormity alarm to alarm for vibration abnormity.
In the scheme, because the stirring head is in the continuous vibrations for a long time, therefore, in order to prevent the stirring head from abnormal vibration or damage and the like because of long-time action, the vibration data is detected in real time by arranging the corresponding vibration detector on the stirring head, and the abnormal vibration data can be used for alarming through the abnormal vibration alarm, so that the situation that the stirring head breaks down but the working personnel is unknown can be effectively avoided.
On the basis of the scheme, the device further comprises a spacing detector and a spacing abnormity alarm, wherein the spacing detector and the spacing abnormity alarm are respectively connected with the main controller;
the distance detector is used for detecting the distance between the surfacing nozzle and the stirring structure in real time and recording the distance as real-time distance data, and if the real-time distance data is not matched with the delta X, the main controller controls the distance abnormity alarm to alarm for distance abnormity.
Among the above-mentioned scheme, because the stirring head is in for a long time and lasts vibrations, consequently, in order to prevent that the stirring head from because long-time action and argon arc welding nozzle between the interval appear the deviation, through its interval data of interval detector real-time detection, interval data carries out unusual warning when unusual, relevant staff can in time overhaul according to unusual warning.
The utility model provides an additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control system, includes foretell additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control device, still includes wireless communication unit and remote monitoring terminal, main control unit passes through wireless communication unit with remote monitoring terminal internet access. And the remote monitoring and management of the additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control device are realized.
A material increase manufacturing temperature measurement and control method adopts the material increase manufacturing temperature measurement and control device to measure and control material increase manufacturing temperature. Therefore, the composition segregation and the microstructure after surfacing forming are improved, the forming quality of surfacing is improved, and the safe and reliable operation of the additive manufacturing equipment is ensured.
The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes made according to the technical scheme of the present invention that produce functional effects do not exceed the scope of the technical scheme of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control device is characterized by comprising a first temperature detector, a first temperature regulator, a second temperature detector, a second temperature regulator, a data memory and a main controller; the main controller is respectively connected with the first temperature detector, the first temperature regulator, the second temperature detector, the second temperature regulator and the data memory;
the first temperature detector is used for detecting temperature data in the additive manufacturing surfacing process in real time and recording the temperature data as real-time surfacing temperature data; the second temperature detector is used for detecting temperature data in the additive manufacturing stirring process in real time and recording the temperature data as real-time stirring temperature data; the data memory is used for storing standard surfacing temperature data during additive manufacturing surfacing and standard stirring temperature data during additive manufacturing stirring;
the main controller judges the real-time surfacing temperature data and the standard surfacing temperature data, and controls the first temperature regulator to regulate the real-time surfacing temperature data to be matched with the standard surfacing temperature data if the real-time surfacing temperature data is not matched with the standard surfacing temperature data;
the main controller judges the real-time stirring temperature data and the standard stirring temperature data, and if the real-time stirring temperature data is not matched with the standard stirring temperature data, the second temperature regulator is controlled to regulate the real-time stirring temperature data to be matched with the standard stirring temperature data.
2. The additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control device of claim 1, wherein the main controller controls the first temperature detector to be in an on state, and controls the first temperature regulator, the second temperature detector and the second temperature regulator to be in an off state;
if the real-time surfacing temperature data is not matched with the standard surfacing temperature data, the main controller controls the first temperature regulator to start; until the real-time surfacing temperature data is matched with the standard surfacing temperature data, the main controller controls the first temperature regulator to be closed and controls the second temperature detector to be started;
if the real-time stirring temperature data is not matched with the standard stirring temperature data, the main controller controls the second temperature regulator to start; and controlling the second temperature regulator to be closed by the main controller until the real-time stirring temperature data is matched with the standard stirring temperature data.
3. The additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control device according to claim 2, wherein assuming that the distance between the bead welding nozzle and the stirring structure is Δ X, the standard bead welding temperature data isT1, standard stirring temperature data ofT2, the cooling rate of the metal in the air istAt a welding speed ofAnd then:
4. The additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control device according to claim 3, further comprising a stirring structure vibration detector and a vibration abnormality alarm, wherein the stirring structure vibration detector and the vibration abnormality alarm are respectively connected with the main controller;
the stirring structure vibration detector is used for detecting vibration data of the stirring structure in real time and recording the vibration data as real-time stirring vibration data, and the data storage device stores standard stirring vibration data of the stirring structure;
and if the real-time stirring vibration data are not matched with the standard stirring vibration data, the main controller controls the vibration abnormity alarm to alarm for vibration abnormity.
5. The additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control device according to claim 4, further comprising a spacing detector and a spacing abnormality alarm, wherein the spacing detector and the spacing abnormality alarm are respectively connected with the main controller;
the distance detector is used for detecting the distance between the surfacing nozzle and the stirring structure in real time and recording the distance as real-time distance data, and if the real-time distance data is not matched with the delta X, the main controller controls the distance abnormity alarm to alarm for distance abnormity.
6. An additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control system, comprising an additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control device according to any one of claims 1-5, further comprising a wireless communication unit and a remote monitoring terminal, wherein the main controller is connected with the remote monitoring terminal through the wireless communication unit.
7. An additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control method, characterized in that an additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control device according to any one of claims 1-5 is used for additive manufacturing temperature measurement and control.
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