CN113523530B - Full-automatic welding method for compressor shell and pipe fitting - Google Patents
Full-automatic welding method for compressor shell and pipe fitting Download PDFInfo
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- CN113523530B CN113523530B CN202111026514.0A CN202111026514A CN113523530B CN 113523530 B CN113523530 B CN 113523530B CN 202111026514 A CN202111026514 A CN 202111026514A CN 113523530 B CN113523530 B CN 113523530B
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- positioning
- backup plate
- compressor shell
- welding
- shell
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/36—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
Abstract
The invention discloses a full-automatic welding method for a compressor shell and a pipe fitting, wherein a positioning backup plate is arranged on a positioning mechanism base through an up-and-down sliding mechanism; the end face hole of the compressor shell is positioned by a positioning flange arranged on the positioning backup plate; the end surface of the compressor shell is positioned by the plane of the positioning backup plate; a positioning backup plate jacking block driven by a jacking block cylinder is arranged on a positioning mechanism base; the up-and-down sliding of the positioning backup plate is controlled by an inclined plane on the jacking block of the positioning backup plate. By adopting the technical scheme, the positioning error compensation is realized by adopting a pre-positioning mode, and the positioning precision is high; the production efficiency and the automation degree are high, the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced, and the safety and the reliability are good; the structure is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low; the service life is long, the intelligent and automatic technical requirements of compressor shell production are met, and the intelligent compressor shell can adapt to the tendency of pushing intelligent to replace manual operation in the whole society and the national requirements on low-carbon and intelligent manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical manufacturing process equipment, and relates to an automatic positioning technology for an intelligent process of product production. More particularly, the invention relates to a repeated and accurate positioning mechanism for an automatic welding process of a fully-closed piston type refrigeration compressor shell. The invention also relates to a full-automatic welding method of the compressor shell and the pipe fitting.
Background
At present, in the industry of refrigerator compressors, all shell connecting pipe fittings required in the production process of the compressors are welded by manually feeding and discharging projection welding machines for resistance welding, and as shown in fig. 1, the shell of the piston type refrigeration compressor in the prior art is a schematic diagram of operation in the pipe fitting welding process. The fixture comprises a positioning base 21, a fixing positioning plate 22, a perforated guide pin 23 and a perforated guide pin mounting seat 24, and is used for mounting and positioning the compressor shell 11. An operator loads and unloads the workpiece manually, installs the clamp on the workpiece, and then starts a power supply to perform resistance welding.
In the prior art, manual operation is adopted, and the requirement on a welding clamp is not high, but the randomness is high; sometimes, compensation is carried out through manual action to ensure that the process index requirement is met. In the operation process of the prior art, the requirements for understanding, mastering and identifying the process technology of operators are very high, the human factor accounts for a large proportion, and workers with high skill level are required to ensure the process requirements. The defects are as follows: manual operation must be arranged; the requirement on the skill of workers is high; the labor intensity of operators is high; the management cost is relatively high; the production efficiency is low, and the output rate is low; the product quality is not stable; therefore, the prior art can not adapt to the environment that the whole manufacturing industry at present has more and more severe requirements on the labor cost, the production efficiency and the product quality.
With the continuous promotion of industrial intelligence, the automation degree of enterprises needs to be greatly improved; moreover, each industry requires to reduce labor intensity, reduce manual operation and improve production automation degree so as to meet the national requirements on low-carbon and intelligent manufacturing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a full-automatic welding and positioning mechanism for a compressor shell and a pipe fitting, and aims to improve the automation degree of welding of the compressor shell and the pipe fitting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention relates to a full-automatic welding and positioning mechanism for a compressor shell and a pipe fitting of a refrigerator, which is applied to automatic welding equipment for welding a welded pipe fitting to a welded pipe hole on the compressor shell; the welding positioning mechanism in the automatic welding equipment comprises a positioning mechanism base, a guiding positioning pin column and a positioning backup plate;
the positioning backup plate is arranged on the positioning mechanism base through an up-and-down sliding mechanism; the end face hole of the compressor shell is positioned by a positioning flange arranged on the positioning backup plate; the end surface of the compressor shell is positioned by the plane of the positioning backup plate; a positioning backup plate jacking block driven by a jacking block cylinder is arranged on the positioning mechanism base; the up-and-down sliding of the positioning backup plate is controlled by the inclined plane on the positioning backup plate jacking block.
And the control circuit of the jacking block air cylinder is connected with the PLC system of the automatic welding equipment.
The up-down sliding mechanism comprises a sliding block assembly substrate and a linear guide rail sliding block fixedly connected with the sliding block assembly substrate; two sides of the positioning backup plate are respectively connected with the two positioning backup plate connecting blocks; two sliding rails are arranged in the positioning backup plate connecting block; the sliding track slides up and down relative to the linear guide rail sliding block.
The positioning mechanism base is provided with a spring pin shaft fixing block, and the spring pin shaft fixing block is provided with a plurality of spring pin shafts; and a floating pressure spring is arranged on the spring pin shaft, and one end of the floating pressure spring is in contact with the slider assembling substrate.
And a plurality of magnets are distributed on the positioning backup plate along the periphery of the positioning flange in a circle to attract the compressor shell.
The positioning flange is provided with a taper from the outer port to the connecting part of the positioning backup plate from small diameter to large diameter.
The positioning flange is provided with a plurality of notches in the circumferential direction.
The welding positioning mechanism is provided with a pipe fitting position photoelectric sensor, a shell position photoelectric sensor and a jacking stroke photoelectric sensor at corresponding positions; the pipe fitting position photoelectric sensor, the shell position photoelectric sensor and the jacking stroke photoelectric sensor are all connected with the PLC system of the automatic welding equipment.
The automatic welding equipment is provided with a welding pipe feeding mechanical arm, a shell feeding mechanical arm and a shell blanking mechanical arm; and the welding pipe feeding mechanical arm, the shell feeding mechanical arm and the shell discharging mechanical arm are all connected with the PLC system of the automatic welding equipment.
The jacking block cylinder is installed on the positioning mechanism base through a cylinder installation adjusting plate.
And the guide positioning pin column is arranged on the positioning mechanism base through a guide positioning pin column mounting seat.
The upper electrode and the lower electrode are made of beryllium-cobalt-copper.
In order to achieve the same purpose as the technical scheme, the invention also provides the full-automatic welding method of the compressor shell and the pipe fitting, which is applied to automatic welding equipment for welding the welded pipe fitting to the compressor shell;
the welding positioning mechanism comprises a positioning mechanism base, a guiding positioning pin and a positioning backup plate; the positioning backup plate is arranged on the positioning mechanism base through an up-down sliding mechanism; the end face hole of the compressor shell is positioned by a positioning flange arranged on a positioning backup plate; the end surface of the compressor shell is positioned by the plane of the positioning backup plate; a positioning backup plate jacking block driven by a jacking block cylinder is arranged on the positioning mechanism base; the up-and-down sliding of the positioning backup plate is controlled by an inclined plane on the positioning backup plate jacking block;
the welding method comprises the following steps:
the jacking block cylinder jacking rod pushes the positioning backup plate jacking block to move forwards to a proper position and then stops;
placing the welded pipe on the upper electrode by a welded pipe feeding manipulator; the photoelectric sensor is arranged at the position of the pipe fitting beside the upper electrode to sense whether the welded pipe fitting is placed in the upper electrode;
at the moment, the PLC system controls a compressor shell feeding manipulator to grab the compressor shell, and controls the assembly direction of the compressor shell, wherein the assembly direction just ensures that the axis of the welded pipe fitting is coincided with the central line of the welded pipe hole of the compressor shell, the end part of the compressor shell is placed on a positioning flange in a positioning backup plate, and the end part of the compressor shell is contacted with the positioning backup plate for pre-positioning; the shell of the compressor is attracted by a circle of magnets distributed along the periphery of the positioning flange to prevent the shell from being separated;
finishing the pre-positioning;
the positioning backup plate is ensured not to have large shaking due to the limitation of the linear guide rail sliding blocks which are symmetrically distributed at the left and the right and the two symmetrical sliding tracks which move up and down on the linear guide rail sliding blocks;
the sliding block assembly substrate is transversely connected with the positioning mechanism base through a plurality of floating pressure springs and ensures that the sliding block assembly substrate has certain flexible floating; micro floating amount in the direction of 360 degrees is generated under the flexible action of the floating pressure spring to compensate the tolerance difference of a batch of compressor shells, so that the compressor shells are accurately positioned;
meanwhile, the shell position photoelectric sensors distributed beside the positioning flange detect the information that the compressor shell is installed in place; at the moment, the jacking block cylinder jacking rod drives the positioning backup plate jacking block to move backwards, and the positioning backup plate drives the compressor shell to move downwards integrally; a welding pipe hole in the shell of the compressor is matched with the guide positioning pin column, and an orifice of the welding pipe hole firmly falls on the lower electrode; meanwhile, a jacking stroke photoelectric sensor distributed beside the jacking block cylinder detects that the jacking block of the positioning backup plate moves backwards to the stroke end;
the compressor shell realizes further accurate positioning;
after a welding pipe hole of a compressor shell penetrates through a guide positioning pin column and is tightly attached to a lower electrode, a pipe fitting position photoelectric sensor, a shell position photoelectric sensor and a jacking stroke photoelectric sensor send out three signals meeting the requirement of welding to a PLC system, the PLC system controls an upper electrode and a welding pipe fitting to move downwards in place, the upper electrode and the lower electrode are pre-pressed for a period of time, and the PLC system controls resistance welding;
after welding, maintaining and pressing the upper electrode and the lower electrode for a period of time;
then, the PLC system controls the upper electrode to move upwards, a jacking rod of a jacking block cylinder controlled by the PLC system pushes a positioning backup plate jacking block to move forwards, and an inclined surface of the positioning backup plate jacking block pushes the positioning backup plate to move upwards; the welded compressor shell moves upwards along with the positioning backup plate, and the compressor shell is separated from the lower electrode;
after the compressor shell moves upwards, the guide positioning pin column completely exits from the welding pipe hole of the compressor shell;
and a shell blanking manipulator controlled by a PLC system grabs the compressor shell and places the compressor shell on the slide way, and welding of the welding pipe fitting and the compressor shell is completed.
The prepressing time of the upper electrode and the lower electrode is 500-800 ms; the pre-pressing pressure is 0.3-0.45 MPa.
The welding time of the resistance welding is 450-750 ms, and the welding current is 36-40 kA.
Maintaining the pressure after welding is finished, wherein the pressure is maintained to be 0.3-0.45 MPa; the maintaining time is 300-500 ms.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention realizes the compensation of positioning errors by adopting a pre-positioning mode and has high positioning precision; the whole processes of loading, unloading, positioning, welding and circulation are completed through the control of a mechanical arm, the production efficiency and the automation degree are high, the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced, the safety is good, the high dependence on manual operation is completely avoided, and the reliability is good; the structure is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low; the service life is long, the device is stable and reliable, and the requirement of repeated positioning of working procedures required by the process can be met during intelligent and self-production; the intelligent and automatic compressor shell production technology meets the technical requirements of intellectualization and automation of compressor shell production, and can completely adapt to the trend of pushing intellectualization to replace manual operation and the national requirements on low-carbon and intelligent manufacturing at present and in the future in the whole society.
Drawings
The contents of the drawings and the reference numbers in the drawings are briefly described as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a welding fixture for manual feeding and discharging of three tubes of a refrigerator compressor housing in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a positioning mechanism for automatic feeding and discharging welding of three tubes of a refrigerator compressor housing according to the present invention; in FIG. 2, the front and back arrows indicate the pushing direction of the jacking block cylinder mandril, the front arrow indicates that the mandril pushes forwards, the positioning backup plate moves upwards, and the back arrow indicates the opposite direction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side elevational view of the positioning mechanism of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a side rear perspective partial sectional view of the positioning mechanism of FIG. 2 (showing the sliding track and slider assembly);
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the installation position of the jacking block stroke photoelectric sensor in the invention.
The labels in the figure are:
1. positioning mechanism base, 2, the location backup plate, 3, the pressure spring floats, 4, the direction location round pin post, 5, the location backup plate connecting block, 6, linear guide slider, 7, the location backup plate jacking piece, 8, the jacking piece cylinder, 9, cylinder installation regulating plate, 10, slider assembly base plate, 11, the compressor casing, 12, magnet, 13, the slip track, 14, welding pipe fitting, 15, the locating flange, 16, pipe fitting position photoelectric sensor, 17, casing position photoelectric sensor, 18, jacking stroke photoelectric sensor, 19, the direction round pin post mount pad, 20, the welding pipe connecting hole, 21, the location base, 22, fixed positioning plate, 23, the perforation direction round pin post, 24, the perforation direction round pin post mount pad.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be given in order to provide those skilled in the art with a more complete, accurate and thorough understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention.
The structure of the invention as shown in fig. 2 to 5 is a full-automatic welding and positioning mechanism for the shell and the pipe fitting of a refrigerator compressor, which is applied to automatic welding equipment for welding a welding pipe fitting 14 to the position of a welding pipe hole 20 on a compressor shell 11; the welding positioning mechanism comprises a positioning mechanism base 1, a guiding positioning pin 4 and a positioning backup plate 2.
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art and achieve the invention purpose of improving the automation degree of welding the compressor shell and the pipe fitting, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
as shown in fig. 2, in the full-automatic welding and positioning mechanism for the shell and the pipe fitting of the refrigerator compressor, the positioning backup plate 2 is installed on a positioning mechanism base 1 through an up-down sliding mechanism; the end face hole of the compressor shell 11 is positioned by a positioning flange 15 arranged on the positioning backup plate 2; the end surface of the compressor shell 11 is positioned by the plane of the positioning backup plate 2; a positioning backup plate jacking block 7 driven by a jacking block cylinder 8 is arranged on the positioning mechanism base 1; the up-and-down sliding of the positioning backup plate 2 is controlled by the inclined plane on the positioning backup plate jacking block 7.
As shown in fig. 3, the height difference of the inclined surface step of the positioning backup plate jacking block 7 ensures the up-and-down movement position distance of the positioning backup plate 2 together with the positioning backup plate connecting block 5 and the linear guide rail sliding block assembly.
The jacking block cylinder 8 pushes the positioning backup plate 2 to a set height position by pushing the positioning backup plate jacking block 7 to jack up the positioning backup plate with a slope surface;
and the control circuit of the jacking block air cylinder 8 is connected with the PLC system of the automatic welding equipment.
As shown in fig. 2, 3, and 4:
the up-and-down sliding mechanism comprises a sliding block assembly base plate 10 and a linear guide rail sliding block 6 fixedly connected with the sliding block assembly base plate; two sides of the positioning backup plate 2 are respectively connected with two positioning backup plate connecting blocks 5; a sliding track 13 is arranged in the positioning backup plate connecting block 5; the sliding track 13 slides up and down relative to the linear guide rail slide block 6.
The linear guide rail slide block 6 is fixed on the slide block assembly base plate 10, and the positioning backup plate 2 is fixedly connected with the sliding track 13 by the positioning backup plate connecting block 5. The sliding track 13 moves along the linear guide rail slide block 6, and the positioning backup plate connecting block 5 is ensured to move up and down integrally along the slide block assembly base plate 10.
The positioning mechanism base 1 is provided with a spring pin shaft fixing block, and the spring pin shaft fixing block is provided with a plurality of spring pin shafts; the spring pin shaft is provided with a plurality of floating compression springs 3, and one ends of the floating compression springs 3 are in contact with the slider assembling substrate 10.
The positioning backup plate 2 and the positioning backup plate connecting block 5 move up and down through the linear guide rail slide block 6; the linear guide rail slide block 6 is connected with a slide block assembly substrate 10;
the mechanism comprises a slider assembling base plate 10, a positioning backup plate connecting block 5, a linear guide rail slider 6 and a positioning backup plate 2 which are connected with one another to form an integral component, and the integral component can float freely through the self characteristics of a floating pressure spring 3 when the mechanism is used; compensating for machining positioning errors caused by errors in a batch of workpieces relative to one another.
In order to further improve the positioning accuracy, the linear guide sliders 6 are symmetrically arranged on the slider mounting board 10, the symmetrically arranged linear guide sliders 6 are respectively provided with symmetrically arranged sliding rails 13, and the symmetrically arranged sliding rails 13 move up and down along the linear guide sliders 6. Because the spacing on left and right sides guarantees that big rocking can not appear in location backup plate 2.
The slider assembling substrate 10 is connected with a floating pressure spring 3, and the other end of the floating pressure spring 3 is fixed on the positioning mechanism base 1; the slider assembling substrate 10 is transversely connected with the positioning mechanism base 1 through the floating compression spring 3 and ensures that the slider assembling substrate 10 has certain flexible floating.
The flexible characteristic of the floating pressure spring 3 ensures that the slider assembly substrate 10 and the components attached together therewith jointly generate micro deflection and displacement. The slider assembling substrate 10 can move back and forth relatively under the action of the floating compression spring 3 so as to compensate error displacement during feeding; meanwhile, the slider assembly substrate 10 can generate a small amount of deflection displacement by means of the floating compression spring 3 so as to compensate the angle deviation of the compressor shell 11 during feeding, ensure the final consistency of the compressor shell 11 on a positioning mechanism and guarantee the quality requirement of a welded product.
On the positioning backup plate 2, a plurality of magnets 12 are distributed along the periphery of the positioning flange 15 to attract the compressor shell 11. The magnet 12 is a cylindrical magnet.
The compressor shell 11 is prepositioned through a positioning flange 15 on the positioning backup plate 2, and the compressor shell 11 is attracted by a plurality of magnets 12 distributed along the periphery of the positioning flange 15 in a circle to prevent separation;
when the compressor shell 11 and the sliding block assembly base plate 10 which are arranged on the positioning flange 15, the linear guide rail sliding block 6, the positioning backup plate connecting block 5 and the positioning backup plate 2 generate a small amount of 360-degree azimuth floating amount under the flexible action of the floating pressure spring 3, so as to compensate tolerance difference between the compressor shell 11 of the existing workpiece. The position accuracy of the compressor shell 11 after positioning is further improved, and the welding pipe fittings 14 are ensured to be accurately welded in holes of the compressor shell 11, so that the repeated accurate positioning requirement of intelligent manufacturing automatic production is met.
The positioning backup plate 2 achieves the purpose of positioning and adsorbing the compressor shell 11 through the positioning flange 15 and the cylindrical magnet 12. When the compressor housing 11 is placed on the positioning flange 15 of the positioning backup plate 2 for positioning, the workpiece of the compressor housing 11 may fall off the positioning flange 15 due to gravity. In order to prevent the workpiece of the compressor shell 11 from falling off, a plurality of magnets 12 are assembled on the positioning backup plate 2 along the excircle direction of the positioning flange 15, so that the workpiece of the compressor shell 11 can be tightly attached to the positioning backup plate 2 and cannot fall off, and the workpiece of the structure is completely ensured to be stable and not separated during movement operation.
The positioning flange 15 is provided with a taper from the outer port to the connecting part of the positioning backup plate 2 from small diameter to large diameter.
This taper serves as a guide for the compressor housing when it is positioned on the positioning flange 15.
The positioning flange 15 is provided with a plurality of notches in the circumferential direction.
The notch is used for reducing the contact area of the positioning surface, so that the positioning is reliable. The positioning contact surface is too large, and unreliable positioning and installation are easily caused.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5:
the welding positioning mechanism is provided with a pipe fitting position photoelectric sensor 16, a shell position photoelectric sensor 17 and a jacking stroke photoelectric sensor 18 at corresponding positions; and the pipe fitting position photoelectric sensor 16, the shell position photoelectric sensor 17 and the jacking stroke photoelectric sensor 18 are connected with a PLC system of the automatic welding equipment.
The automatic welding equipment is provided with a welding pipe feeding manipulator, a shell feeding manipulator and a shell discharging manipulator; and the welding pipe feeding mechanical arm, the shell feeding mechanical arm and the shell discharging mechanical arm are all connected with the PLC system of the automatic welding equipment.
The jacking block air cylinder 8 is arranged on the positioning mechanism base 1 through an air cylinder mounting and adjusting plate 9.
The guide positioning pin 4 is installed on the positioning mechanism base 1 through a guide pin installation seat 19.
In order to ensure reliable welding, the materials of the upper electrode and the lower electrode are beryllium-cobalt-copper.
In order to achieve the same purpose of the technical scheme, the invention also provides the full-automatic welding method of the compressor shell and the pipe fitting, which is applied to automatic welding equipment for welding the welded pipe fitting 14 to the compressor shell 11 and comprises the following specific processes:
the welding positioning mechanism comprises a positioning mechanism base 1, a guiding positioning pin 4 and a positioning backup plate 2; the positioning backup plate 2 is arranged on the positioning mechanism base 1 through an up-and-down sliding mechanism; the end face hole of the compressor shell 11 is positioned by a positioning flange 15 arranged on the positioning backup plate 2; the end surface of the compressor shell 11 is positioned by the plane of the positioning backup plate 2; a positioning backup plate jacking block 7 driven by a jacking block cylinder 8 is arranged on the positioning mechanism base 1; the up-and-down sliding of the positioning backup plate 2 is controlled by an inclined plane on the positioning backup plate jacking block 7;
the welding method comprises the following steps:
the jacking block cylinder 8 jacks a rod to push the positioning backup plate jacking block 7 to move forwards to a proper position and then stops;
placing the welded pipe 14 on the upper electrode by a welded pipe feeding manipulator; a pipe position photoelectric sensor 16 beside the upper electrode senses whether the welding pipe 14 is placed in the upper electrode;
at the moment, the PLC system controls a compressor shell feeding manipulator to grab the compressor shell 11, the PLC system controls the assembling direction of the compressor shell 11, the assembling direction just ensures that the axis of the welded pipe fitting 14 is coincident with the central line of a welded pipe connecting hole 20 of the compressor shell 11, the end part of the compressor shell 11 is placed on a positioning flange 15 in the positioning backup plate 2, and the end part of the compressor shell 11 is in contact with the positioning backup plate 2 for pre-positioning; the magnet 12 distributed along the circumference of the positioning flange 15 sucks the compressor shell 11 to prevent the separation;
finishing the pre-positioning;
due to the limitation of the linear guide rail sliding blocks 6 which are symmetrically distributed at the left and right and the two symmetrical sliding tracks 13 which move up and down on the linear guide rail sliding blocks 6, the positioning backup plate 2 is ensured not to have large shaking;
the sliding block assembly substrate 10 is transversely connected with the positioning mechanism base 1 through a plurality of floating compression springs 3 and ensures that the sliding block assembly substrate 10 has certain flexible floating; micro floating amount in the direction of 360 degrees is generated under the flexible action of the floating pressure spring 3 to compensate the tolerance difference of a batch of compressor shells 11, so that the compressor shells 11 are accurately positioned;
meanwhile, the shell position photoelectric sensors 17 distributed beside the positioning flange 15 detect the information that the compressor shell 11 is installed in place; at the moment, the jacking rod of the jacking block cylinder 8 drives the positioning backup plate jacking block 7 to move backwards, and the positioning backup plate 2 drives the compressor shell 11 to move downwards integrally; a welding pipe hole 20 on the compressor shell 11 is matched with the guide positioning pin 4, and the orifice of the welding pipe hole 20 firmly falls on the lower electrode; meanwhile, the jacking stroke photoelectric sensors 18 distributed beside the jacking block air cylinders 8 detect that the positioning backup plate jacking blocks 7 finish moving backwards;
after the whole mechanism moves downwards, the guide positioning pin 4 penetrates through a welding pipe hole 20 on the compressor shell 11, and the guide positioning pin 4 is guided in; because the upper end of the guide pin 4 is in a guide conical shape, when the welding pipe hole 20 of the compressor shell 11 penetrates through the guide pin 4, the hole of the compressor shell 11 is smaller than the conical shape of the front end of the guide pin 4, and the conical guide of the guide pin 4 can be used for further correcting the deviation of the position of the compressor shell 11 under the action of gravity, so that the accurate positioning of the hole to be welded of the compressor shell 11 is realized again;
the compressor housing 11 achieves further accurate positioning;
after a welding pipe hole 20 of a compressor shell 11 penetrates through a guide positioning pin 4 and is tightly attached to a lower electrode, a pipe fitting position photoelectric sensor 16, a shell position photoelectric sensor 17 and a jacking stroke photoelectric sensor 18 send signals meeting three requirements for welding to a PLC system, the PLC system controls an upper electrode and a welding pipe fitting 14 to move downwards in place, the upper electrode and the lower electrode are pre-pressed for a period of time, and the PLC system controls resistance welding;
after welding, maintaining and pressing the upper electrode and the lower electrode for a period of time;
then, the PLC system controls the upper electrode to move upwards, a jacking rod of a jacking block cylinder 8 controlled by the PLC system pushes a positioning backup plate jacking block 7 to move forwards, and an inclined surface of the positioning backup plate jacking block 7 pushes a positioning backup plate 2 to move upwards; the welded compressor shell 11 moves upwards along with the positioning backup plate 2, and the compressor shell 11 is separated from the lower electrode;
after the compressor shell 11 moves upwards, the guide positioning pin 4 completely exits from the welding pipe hole 20 of the compressor shell 11;
and a shell blanking manipulator controlled by a PLC system grabs the shell 11 and places the shell on the slide way, and the welding of the welding pipe fitting 14 and the compressor shell 11 is completed.
The main technical parameters are as follows:
the pre-pressing time of the upper electrode and the lower electrode is 500-800 ms; the pre-pressing pressure is 0.3-0.45 MPa (gauge pressure).
The welding time of the resistance welding is 450-750 ms, and the welding current is 36-40 kA.
And (3) maintaining pressure after welding is completed: after welding, in order to ensure that the resistance welding nugget is firm and reliable, pressure is continuously applied, the pressure is maintained to be 0.3-0.45 MPa (gauge pressure), and the maintaining time is 300-500 ms.
The welding pipe 14 is effectively and firmly welded on the compressor shell 11 through the set parameters of pressure, pressure applying time, current and the like.
After the pipe fitting is welded, the PLC system controls each mechanical arm and the jacking block air cylinder 8 to control the ejector rod and the upper and lower electrodes to complete the welding action repeatedly, so that the whole welding process is efficient and automatic. The invention overcomes the defect that the consistency is poor due to the fact that the structure of the existing welding fixture highly depends on manpower, has compensation positioning and high positioning precision due to the fact that the welding multi-wheel positioning has compensation positioning, the whole welding process is controlled to grab, weld, shift and transfer through a mechanical arm, the efficiency is high, the automation degree is high, the reliability is good, the technical requirements of intellectualization and automation of production of the compressor shell are met, the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced, the safety is good, and the low-carbon and intelligent manufacturing requirements of the state are met.
The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation in the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to apply the inventive concept and solution to other applications without substantial modification.
Claims (4)
1. A full-automatic welding method of a compressor shell and a pipe fitting is applied to automatic welding equipment for welding a welding pipe fitting (14) to a compressor shell (11); the welding positioning mechanism in the automatic welding equipment comprises a positioning mechanism base (1), a guiding positioning pin column (4) and a positioning backup plate (2); the positioning backup plate (2) is arranged on the positioning mechanism base (1) through an up-down sliding mechanism; the end face hole of the compressor shell (11) is positioned by a positioning flange (15) arranged on the positioning backup plate (2); the end surface of the compressor shell (11) is positioned by the plane of the positioning backup plate (2); a positioning backup plate jacking block (7) driven by a jacking block cylinder (8) is arranged on the positioning mechanism base (1); the vertical sliding of the positioning backup plate (2) is controlled by an inclined plane on the positioning backup plate jacking block (7);
the up-down sliding mechanism comprises a sliding block assembly base plate (10) and linear guide rail sliding blocks (6) which are fixedly connected with the sliding block assembly base plate and are distributed on the sliding block assembly base plate in a left-right symmetrical mode; two sides of the positioning backup plate (2) are respectively connected with two positioning backup plate connecting blocks (5); two sliding rails (13) are arranged in the positioning backup plate connecting block (5); the sliding track (13) slides up and down relative to the linear guide rail sliding block (6);
a spring pin shaft fixing block is arranged on the positioning mechanism base (1), and a plurality of spring pin shafts are arranged on the spring pin shaft fixing block; a floating pressure spring (3) is arranged on the spring pin shaft, and one end of the floating pressure spring (3) is in contact with the slider assembling substrate (10); the sliding block assembly substrate (10) is transversely connected with the positioning mechanism base (1) through a plurality of floating compression springs (3) and ensures that the sliding block assembly substrate (10) has certain flexible floating;
the guide positioning pin column (4) is arranged on the positioning mechanism base (1) through a guide pin column mounting seat (19);
the welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the jacking rod of the jacking block cylinder (8) pushes the positioning backup plate jacking block (7) to move forwards to a proper position and then stops;
placing the welded pipe (14) on the upper electrode by a welded pipe feeding manipulator; a photoelectric sensor (16) at the position of the pipe fitting beside the upper electrode senses whether the welding pipe fitting (14) is placed in the upper electrode;
at the moment, the PLC system is used for controlling a compressor shell feeding manipulator to grab the compressor shell (11), the PLC system is used for controlling the assembling direction of the compressor shell (11), the assembling direction just ensures that the axis of the welding pipe fitting (14) is coincident with the central line of a welding pipe hole (20) of the compressor shell (11), the end part of the compressor shell (11) is placed on a positioning flange (15) in the positioning backup plate (2), and the end part of the compressor shell is contacted with the positioning backup plate (2) for pre-positioning; the compressor shell (11) is attracted by a circle of magnets (12) distributed along the periphery of the positioning flange (15) to prevent the separation;
finishing the pre-positioning;
meanwhile, the shell position photoelectric sensors (17) distributed beside the positioning flange (15) detect the information that the compressor shell (11) is installed in place; at the moment, a jacking rod of a jacking block cylinder (8) drives a positioning backup plate jacking block (7) to move backwards, and a positioning backup plate (2) drives a compressor shell (11) to integrally move downwards; a welding pipe hole (20) on the compressor shell (11) is matched with the guide positioning pin column (4), and an orifice of the welding pipe hole (20) is firmly dropped on the lower electrode; meanwhile, a jacking stroke photoelectric sensor (18) distributed beside the jacking block cylinder (8) detects that the positioning backup plate jacking block (7) moves backwards to the stroke end;
the compressor shell (11) realizes further accurate positioning;
after a welding pipe hole (20) of a compressor shell (11) penetrates through a guide positioning pin column (4) and is tightly attached to a lower electrode, a pipe fitting position photoelectric sensor (16), a shell position photoelectric sensor (17) and a jacking stroke photoelectric sensor (18) send signals meeting the requirements of welding to a PLC system, the PLC system controls an upper electrode and a welding pipe fitting (14) to move downwards in place, the upper electrode and the lower electrode are pre-pressed for a period of time, and the PLC system controls resistance welding;
after welding, maintaining and pressing the upper electrode and the lower electrode for a period of time;
then, the PLC system controls the upper electrode to move upwards, a jacking rod of a jacking block cylinder (8) controlled by the PLC system pushes a positioning backup plate jacking block (7) to move forwards, and the inclined surface of the positioning backup plate jacking block (7) pushes a positioning backup plate (2) to move upwards; the welded compressor shell (11) moves upwards along with the positioning backup plate (2), and the compressor shell (11) is separated from the lower electrode;
after the compressor shell (11) moves upwards, the guide positioning pin column (4) completely exits from a welding pipe hole (20) of the compressor shell (11);
and a shell blanking manipulator controlled by a PLC system grabs the compressor shell (11) and places the compressor shell on the slide way, and the welding of the welding pipe fitting (14) and the compressor shell (11) is completed.
2. The fully automatic welding method for the shell and the pipe fitting of the compressor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pre-pressing time of the upper electrode and the lower electrode is 500-800 ms; the pre-pressing pressure is 0.3-0.45 MPa.
3. The fully automatic welding method for the shell and the pipe fitting of the compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the welding time of the resistance welding is 450-750 ms, and the welding current is 36-40 kA.
4. The fully automatic welding method for the shell and the pipe fitting of the compressor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: maintaining the pressure after the welding is finished, wherein the pressure is maintained to be 0.3-0.45 MPa; the maintaining time is 300 to 500 ms.
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| CN202111026514.0A CN113523530B (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2021-09-02 | Full-automatic welding method for compressor shell and pipe fitting |
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| BR102012017279B1 (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2019-02-12 | Embraco Indústria De Compressores E Soluções Em Refrigeração Ltda | SIMULTANEOUS CONFIGURATION AND WELDING PROCESS AND PROCESS OF CONNECTOR CONNECTOR PIPES |
| CN208005058U (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-10-26 | 东莞市鹏煜威高智能科技有限公司 | A kind of rotating regulation type frock clamp |
| CN107931929B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2023-08-22 | 东莞市鹏煜威科技有限公司 | Self-adaptation adjusts frock clamp |
| JP3222364U (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-07-25 | 順茂股▲ふん▼有限公司 | Welding apparatus for joining a heat exchanger compressor shell and a copper pipe |
| CN109773362B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2023-09-26 | 昆山华恒焊接股份有限公司 | Compressor welding system |
| CN112496513B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-04-01 | 芜湖欧宝机电有限公司 | Welding method for welding compressor pipe fitting |
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