CN113521038A - 一种麻醉药物组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种麻醉药物组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113521038A CN113521038A CN202110251240.9A CN202110251240A CN113521038A CN 113521038 A CN113521038 A CN 113521038A CN 202110251240 A CN202110251240 A CN 202110251240A CN 113521038 A CN113521038 A CN 113521038A
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- pharmaceutically acceptable
- acceptable salt
- isopropyl
- phenol
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种不同异构体的GABAA受体激动剂的药物组合物及其制备方法和在中枢神经领域中的应用。所述GABAA受体激动剂为2‑(1‑环丙基乙基)‑6‑异丙基‑苯酚(化合物1)或者其立体异构体、及其药学上可接受的盐。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种不同异构体的GABAA受体激动剂的药物组合物及其制备方法和在中枢神经领域中的应用。所述GABAA受体激动剂为2-(1-环丙基乙基)-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物1)或者其立体异构体、及其药学上可接受的盐。属于生物医药技术领域。
背景技术
2-(1-环丙基乙基)-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物1)乳状注射液是由一种静脉注射全麻药,临床拟用于消化内镜诊疗和麻醉诱导,其主要成分化合物1的化学结构具有一个手性中心,包含两种构型,分别是(R)-构型异构体2-[(1R)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物A)和(S)-构型异构体2-[(1S)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物B)。放射标记竞争结合试验和膜片钳功能测试发现,两种构型的化合物1可竞争结合GABAA受体离子通道位点,直接激动或增强GABA对GABAA受体的激动作用,诱导氯离子内流,从而诱发抑制性突触后电流,实现中枢抑制,但化合物A的效价明显高于其对映异构体化合物B[1]。
翻正反射消失试验(LORR)是测试麻醉药效的经典试验[2][3]。针对化合物B效价低的作用特点,寻找一种与之具有协同增效作用、可以降低其副作用的药物,改善其在麻醉方面的作用,具有重要的临床价值。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本研究拟采用小鼠LORR试验评估不同比例混合(R)-构型异构体2-[(1R)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物A)和(S)-构型异构体2-[(1S)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物B)两个对映异构体后,提高麻醉药效,具有协同增效的效果。
本发明提供了一种药物组合物,包含两种或多种GABAA受体激动剂的光学异构体。
在一些实施例中,所述GABAA受体激动剂为2-(1-环丙基乙基)-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物1)的光学异构体及其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施例中,所述光学异构体为2-[(1R)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物A)及其药学上可接受的盐和2-[(1S)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物B)及其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施例中,所述化合物A及其药学上可接受的盐与化合物B及其药学上可接受的盐重量配比选自(1~5):(1~5)、(1~4):(1~4)、(1~3):(1~3)或(1~2):(1~2)。
在一些实施例中,所述化合物A及其药学上可接受的盐与化合物B及其药学上可接受的盐重量配比选自5:1、1:5、4:1、1:4、3:1、1:3、2:1、1:2或1:1。
本发明还提供一种药物制剂,包括上述技术方案的药物组合物,以及药学上可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分。
在一些实施例中,所述的制剂选自水溶液制剂、冻干制剂或脂肪乳剂。
所述的水溶液制剂、冻干制剂或脂肪乳剂按常规制备方法制备。
所述水溶液制剂或冻干制剂中包含增溶剂、潜溶剂,进一步可以选择性的填充剂、pH调节剂、等渗调节剂。
所述的脂肪乳剂包含油性成份、乳化剂,进一步可以选择性的包含增溶剂、潜溶剂、pH调节剂、等渗调节剂等。
所述的增溶剂选自吐温-80、吐温-20、聚氧乙烯35蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯40氢化蓖麻油、聚乙二醇15羟基硬脂酸酯(即solutol HS15)或泊洛沙姆中的任一种或任几种任意比例的混合物;
所述的潜溶剂选自乙醇、甘油、丙二醇或聚乙二醇中的任一种或任几种任意比例的混合物。
所述的填充剂选自乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸钠、氯化钠、磷酸氢二钠、半胱氨酸、甘氨酸、山梨醇、乳糖酸钙、右旋糖酐或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的任一种或任几种任意比例的混合物。
所述的pH调节剂选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、三乙醇胺、盐酸、磷酸、枸橼酸、醋酸、苹果酸中的任一种或任几种。
所述的等渗调节剂选自甘油、糖类或糖醇类中的任一种或任几种任意比例的混合物。
所述的油性成分选自符合生物相容性、可以在人体被新陈代谢的天然或(和)合成油脂的任一种或任几种任意比例的混合物。
所述的乳化剂选自甘油单油酸酯、吐温-80、吐温-20、泊洛沙姆、聚氧乙烯35蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯40氢化蓖麻油、聚乙二醇甘油酯、聚乙二醇15羟基硬脂酸酯、蛋黄卵磷脂、蛋黄磷脂酰胆碱、大豆卵磷脂、大豆磷脂酰胆碱等的任一种或任几种任意比例的混合物。
本发明另外还提供了一种联合用药物,其中包括相同或者不同规格的同时或者分别给药的2-[(1R)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物A)及其药学上可接受的盐和2-[(1S)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物B)及其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体。
在一些实施例中,所述化合物A及其药学上可接受的盐和化合物B及其药学上可接受的盐重量配比选自(1~5):(1~5)、(1~4):(1~4)、(1~3):(1~3)或(1~2):(1~2)。
在一些实施例中,所述化合物A及其药学上可接受的盐和化合物B及其药学上可接受的盐重量配比选自5:1、1:5、4:1、1:4、3:1、1:3、2:1、1:2或1:1。
此外,本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述的药物组合物、药物制剂以及联合用药物在制备用于诱导和维持动物或者人类的麻醉、促进动物或者人类的镇静催眠、治疗和/或预防焦虑、抑郁、失眠、恶心、呕吐、偏头痛、精神分裂、惊厥和癫痫药物中的应用。
通过小鼠LORR试验,研究结果表明化合物A和化合物B以不同重量比例混合后,所有剂量配比的混合物的LORR维持时间均比推测的该剂量配比下的单独化合物A的时间更长,特别是在剂量配比为5:1、4:1、3:1、2:1和1:2组的LORR维持时间较混合物同剂量化合物A更长,尤其是在混合物5:1的情况下,其超过了化合物A单独用药的1.5倍;当比例为2:1时,在相同剂量下,其镇静效果完全达到了化合物A单独用药的镇静效果。
附图说明
图1.小鼠单次尾静脉注射阈下剂量的不同配比化合物A和化合物B后镇静催眠率。
图2.小鼠单次尾静脉注射麻醉剂量的不同配比化合物A和化合物B后翻正反射消失维持时间。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例详细说明本发明的实施过程和产生的有益效果,旨在帮助阅读者更好地理解本发明的实质和特点,不作为对本案可实施范围的限定。
化合物的结构是通过核磁共振(NMR)或(和)质谱(MS)来确定的。NMR位移(δ)以10-6(ppm)的单位给出。NMR的测定是用(BrukerAvance III 400和BrukerAvance 300)核磁仪,测定溶剂为氘代二甲基亚砜(DMSO-d6),氘代氯仿(CDCl3),氘代甲醇(CD3OD),氘代乙腈(CD3CN),内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS)。
MS的测定用(Agilent 6120B(ESI)和Agilent 6120B(APCI))。
HPLC的测定使用安捷伦1260DAD高压液相色谱仪(Zorbax SB-C18 100×4.6mm)。
薄层层析硅胶板使用烟台黄海HSGF254或青岛GF254硅胶板,薄层色谱法(TLC)使用的硅胶板采用的规格是0.15mm~0.20mm,薄层层析分离纯化产品采用的规格是0.4mm~0.5mm。
柱层析一般使用烟台黄海硅胶200~300目硅胶为载体。
本发明的己知的起始原料可以采用或按照本领域已知的方法来合成,或可购买于泰坦科技、安耐吉化学、上海德默、成都科龙化工、韶远化学科技、百灵威科技等公司。
实施例1.化合物1的制备
第一步:2-(2-异丙基苯氧基)四氢吡喃(3B)
向反应瓶中加入2-异丙基苯酚(3A)(10.00g,73.40mmol),3,4-二氢吡喃(18.60g,220.20mmol)和二氯甲烷(50mL),搅拌均匀后加入对甲苯磺酸吡啶(1.86g,7.40mmol),室温搅拌20小时,加入水(30mL),用二氯甲烷(30mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,饱和食盐水(30mL×3)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=500:1)得到无色液体状的2-(2-异丙基苯氧基)四氢吡喃(3B)(13.4g,产率:82.71%,HPLC:99.15%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3):δ7.25-7.20(m,1Η),δ7.15-7.09(m,2H),δ6.97-6.93(m,1H),δ5.44-5.42(m,1H),δ3.94-3.88(m,1H),δ3.65-3.62(m,1H),δ3.39-3.22(m,1H),δ1.90-1.86(m,1H),δ1.73-1.67(m,2H),δ1.60-1.54(m,3H),δ1.25(2d,6H)。
第二步:环丙基-(3-异丙基-2-四氢吡喃-2-氧基-苯基)甲基酮(3C)
向反应瓶中加入2-(2-异丙基苯氧基)四氢吡喃(3B)(10.00g,45.40mmol)和干燥的四氢呋喃(30mL),充氮气保护,干冰浴至零下20℃,加入2.5M正丁基锂(20.00mL,50.00mmol),加完后升至室温搅拌1小时,干冰浴至零下20℃,加入N-甲氧基-N-甲基环丙基酰胺(7.00g,54.20mmol),加完后升至室温搅拌2小时,加入饱和氯化铵(30mL)搅拌数分钟终止反应,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,饱和食盐水(30mL×3)反洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩得到红色液体状的环丙基-(3-异丙基-2-四氢吡喃-2-氧基-苯基)甲基酮(3C)(17.4g,粗品,HPLC:68.00%),直接用于下步反应。
第三步:环丙基-(2-羟基-3-异丙基-苯基)甲基酮(3D)
向反应瓶中加入(3-异丙基-2-四氢吡喃-2-氧基-苯基)甲基酮(3C)(17.40g,粗品)和甲醇(50mL),冰浴至零度,加入2M盐酸水溶液(35mL,70.00mmol),加完后升至室温搅拌半小时,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液调节pH为6,旋干甲醇,用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,饱和食盐水(50mL×3)反洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=300:1)得到无色液体状的环丙基-(2-羟基-3-异丙基-苯基)甲基酮(3D)(7.23g,两步收率率:78.26%,HPLC:96.29%)。
MS m/z(ESI):205.1(M-l).
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ12.98(s,1H),δ8.08(dd,1H),δ7.51(dd,1H),δ6.98(t,1H),δ3.34-3.26(m,1H),δ3.04-3.01(m,1H),δ1.19-1.12(m,10H)。
第四步:2-(1-环丙基-1-羟基-乙基)-6-异丙基-苯酚(3E)
向反应瓶中加入环丙基-(2-羟基-3-异丙基-苯基)甲基酮(3D)(10g,48.80mmol)和干燥的甲苯(50mL),氮气保护,干冰浴至零下30℃,加入3M甲基溴化镁正己烷溶液(49.00mL,146.30mmol),加完后升至室温搅拌2小时,加入饱和氯化铵(100mL)终止反应,用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取,饱和食盐水(100mL×3)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=50:l)得到浅黄色液体状的2-(1-环丙基-1-羟基-乙基)-6-异丙基-苯酚(3E)(10.2g,产率:95.17%,HPLC:97.96%)。
MS m/z(ESI):219.1(M-l).
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3):δ7.32(dd,1H),δ7.24(dd,1H),δ7.13(t,1H),δ4.64(s,1H),δ3.43-3.36(m,1H),δ1.56(s,3H),δ1.37-1.31(m,1H),δ1.27(d,6H),δ0.54-0.39(m,4H)。
第五步:2-(l-环丙基乙基)-6-异丙基苯酚(化合物1)
向反应瓶中加入2-(1-环丙基-1-羟基-乙基)-6-异丙基-苯酚(3E)(3g,13.80mmol),三乙基硅烷(6.42g,55.21mmol)和二氯甲烷(25mL),干冰浴至零下30℃,缓慢加入三氟醋酸(12.59g,110.40mmol),控制温度小于零度,搅拌反应2小时停止反应,用二氯甲烷(100mL×3)萃取,饱和食盐水(100mL×3)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=100:1)得到无色液体状的2-(1-环丙基乙基)-6-异丙基苯酚(化合物1)(2.02g,产率:71.63%,HPLC:98.58%)。
MS m/z(ESI):203.1(M-l).
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3):δ7.13(dd,1H),δ7.08(dd,1H),δ6.90(t,1H),δ4.93(s,1H),δ3.20-3.13(m,1H),δ2.53-2.46(m,1H),δ1.29(d,3H),δ1.26(d,6H),δ1.07-1.05(m,1H),δ0.58-0.45(m,2H),δ0.24-0.16(m,2H)。
实施例2.化合物A的制备
在室温下向高压釜(250mL)中加入2-(1-环丙基乙烯基)-6-异丙基苯酚(2.0g,10mmol)和二氯甲烷(8mL),加入催化剂((4R,5R)-(+)-O-[1-苯甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-苯基-4,5-二氢恶唑-4-基)-2-苯基乙基](二环己基膦亚盐)(1,5-COD)铱(I)四(3,5-二(三氟甲基)苯基硼酸盐(17mg,0.01mmol),氢气置换3次,40atm下反应6小时,浓缩,将残余物快速柱层析纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=10∶1)得到淡黄色油状的2-[(1R)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物A)(1.8g,产率:90%;手性HPLC:91.2%)。
MS m/z(ESI):203.1(M-1)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.12(dd,1H),δ7.07(dd,1H),6.89(t,1H),6.85(s,1H),3.20-3.13(m,1H),2.53-2.46(m,1H),1.30(d,6H),1.27(d,3H),1.08-1.03(m,1H),0.58-0.56(m,1H),0.47-0.46(m,1H),0.22-0.16(m,2H)。
实施例3、化合物B的制备
向250mL高压釜中加入2-(1-环丙基乙烯基)-6-异丙基苯酚(102mg,0.5mmol)和二氯甲烷(2mL),加入催化剂(4S,5S)-(-)-O-[1-苄基-1-(5-甲基-2-苯基-4,5-二氢恶唑-4-基)-2-苯基乙基](二环己基磷)(1,5-COD)铱(I)四(3,5-二(三氟甲基)苯基)硼酸盐(8.5mg,0.005mmol),氢气置换三次,10atm下反应2.5h,浓缩,快速柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=10∶1)得到淡黄色油状的2-[(1S)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物B)(60mg,产率:59%;手性HPLC:97.3%)。
MS m/z(ESI):203.1(M-1)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.12(dd,1H),δ7.07(dd,1H),6.89(t,1H),6.85(s,1H),3.20-3.13(m,1H),2.53-2.46(m,1H),1.30(d,6H),1.27(d,3H),1.08-1.03(m,1H),0.58-0.56(m,1H),0.47-0.46(m,1H),0.22-0.16(m,2H)。
生物测试例
生物测试例1、选用化合物A阈下剂量1.0mg/kg,探索化合物A与化合物B不同比例混合后的小鼠麻醉起效剂量,单次静脉注射不同配比化合物A与化合物B混合物后,记录小鼠镇静程度以及不良反应。
所有化合物A与化合物B不同配比阈下剂量麻醉镇静作用均弱于化合物A1.2mg/kg(图1)。但化合物A:化合物B=2:1时与化合物A1mg/kg剂量产生的镇静效果相当(镇静率为90%)。具体试验结果数据如表1所示。
表1、不同配比组合物剂量的麻醉镇静效果
生物测试例2、拟用化合物A麻醉剂量(3mg/kg)探索化合物A与化合物B以不同比例混合后,记录小鼠麻醉维持时间以及不良反应,测试麻醉维持时间是否延长。小鼠单次静脉注射单一构型化合物A-3mg/kg剂量后,LORR维持时间为200S。相同剂量下单次静脉注射不同配比化合物A和化合物B混合物,所有剂量配比的混合物的LORR维持时间均比推测的该剂量配比下的单独化合物A的时间更长,特别是在剂量配比为5:1、4:1、3:1、2:1和1:2组的LORR维持时间较混合物同剂量化合物A更长(见图2)。具体试验结果数据如表2所示。
表2、不同配比组合物剂量的麻醉效果
结论:化合物A和化合物B以不同重量比例混合后,所有剂量配比的混合物的LORR维持时间均比推测的该剂量配比下的单独化合物A的时间更长,特别是在剂量配比为5:1、4:1、3:1、2:1和1:2组的LORR维持时间较混合物同剂量化合物A更长,尤其是在混合物5:1的情况下,其超过了化合物A单独用药的1.5倍;当比例为2:1时,在相同剂量下,其镇静效果完全达到了化合物A单独用药的镇静效果。
参考文献
[1]Linlin Qin.;Lei Ren.;Songlin Wan.;et al.Design,Synthesis,andEvaluation of Novel 2,6-Disubstituted Phenol Derivatives as GeneralAnesthetics.J.Med.Chem.2017,60,3606-3617;
[2]Hill-Venning,C.;Peters,J.A.;Callachan,H.;Lambert,J.J.;Gemmell,D.K.;Anderson,A.;Byford,A.;Hamilton,N.;Hill,D.R.;et al.The anesthetic actionand modulation of GABAAreceptor activity by the novel water-solubleaminosteroid Org 20599.Neuropharmacology 1996,35,1209-1222;
[3]Lingamaneni,R.;Krasowski,M.D.;Jenkins,A.;Truong,T.;Giunta,A.L.;Blackbeer,J.;MacIver,M.B.;Harrison,N.L.;Hemmings,H.C.,Jr.Anestheticproperties of 4-iodopropofol:Implications for mechanism ofanesthesia.Anesthesiology 2001;94:1050–7。
Claims (11)
1.一种药物组合物,其特征在于包含两种或多种GABAA受体激动剂的光学异构体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于所述GABAA受体激动剂为2-(1-环丙基乙基)-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物1)的光学异构体及其药学上可接受的盐。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于所述光学异构体为2-[(1R)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物A)及其药学上可接受的盐和2-[(1S)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物B)及其药学上可接受的盐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其特征在于化合物A及其药学上可接受的盐与化合物B及其药学上可接受的盐重量配比为(1~5):(1~5)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征在于化合物A及其药学上可接受的盐与化合物B及其药学上可接受的盐重量配比选自5:1、1:5、4:1、1:4、3:1、1:3、2:1、1:2或1:1。
6.一种药物制剂,其特征在于包括根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的组合物,以及药学上可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物制剂,其特征在于所述的制剂选自水溶液制剂、冻干制剂或脂肪乳剂。
8.一种联合用药物,其特征在于包括相同或者不同规格的同时或者分别给药的2-[(1R)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物A)及其药学上可接受的盐和2-[(1S)-1-环丙基乙基]-6-异丙基-苯酚(化合物B)及其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的联合用药物,其特征在于化合物A及其药学上可接受的盐和化合物B及其药学上可接受的盐重量配比为(1~5):(1~5)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的联合用药物,其特征在于所述化合物A及其药学上可接受的盐和化合物B及其药学上可接受的盐重量配比选自5:1、1:5、4:1、1:4、3:1、1:3、2:1、1:2或1:1。
11.根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的药物组合物,或者根据权利要求6-7任意一项所述的药物制剂、或者根据权利要求8-10任意一项所述的联合用药物在制备用于诱导和维持动物或者人类的麻醉、促进动物或者人类的镇静催眠、治疗和/或预防焦虑、抑郁、失眠、恶心、呕吐、偏头痛、精神分裂、惊厥和癫痫药物中的应用。
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Title |
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LINLIN QIN等: "Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel 2, 6-Disubstituted Phenol Derivatives as General Anesthetics", J. MED. CHEM., 21 April 2017 (2017-04-21), pages 3606 - 3617 * |
药物分析之家: "手性药物质量控制研究技术指导原则", pages 1 - 16, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5MjEzOTU4NA==&mid=2247487951&idx=1&sn=b6b4777b45c79338ffee8ddbf50aba4f&chksm=9070e8e0a70761f6ca2f2b0341aaab2b85e2c0f8a9e0f39cfcb1572bed2192e197d1221aa2d3&scene=27> * |
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