CN113519721A - 一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂 - Google Patents
一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及添加剂配方技术领域，具体涉及一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂,所述复合添加剂有以下重量成分的原料制备而成：维生素D 300g、维生素E 100g、多维多矿180g、麦麸200g、玉米粉182g、啤酒酵母20g、补充酵母硒13‑23g；本发明可以有效缓解中华绒螯蟹体内镉的富集问题，提高中华绒螯蟹的品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及添加剂配方技术领域，具体涉及一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂。
背景技术
近几年，我国对生态环境保护高度重视，生态环境有所改善，工业重金属污染有所好转，但不少地区由于之前的工业污染，区域土壤重金属超标，重金属通过食物链对区域水生动植物的生长和品质产生严重影响，对区域农业经济发展和人们的生活产生负面影响。
镉(Cd)是一种生物毒性较强的重金属元素，能够在鱼体内快速蓄积，镉浓度超过一定的范围能直接影响水生生物的生长、发育，甚至死亡。镉通过占据钙离子通道并进入细胞内，使细胞内钙稳态失衡。2014年《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》显示，我国土壤环境质量堪忧，Cd污染物位点超标率达到7.0％。土壤中Cd积累到一定水平时，会毒害土壤-植物系统，通过农作物的吸收富集作用，一旦被养殖水产动物摄食，通过食物链富集并传递到人体中，危害人体健康。
硒对镉具有普遍的解毒效果，有研究发现硒与镉之间存在拮抗作用，金属硫蛋白参与了镉在机体内的吸收、转运、排泄和蓄积等过程，硒可与镉竞争金属巯蛋白分子上和结合部位，或者从分子内影响与金属巯蛋白的结合力，促使镉向较大分子量的蛋白质转移，使之排出体外。维生素E可以缓解动物的应激、抗氧化、改善生长性能、提高机体的免疫功能、清除机体自由基等作用，维生素E与硒具有很好的协同作用。有研究表明镉对机体钙的吸收和利用产生不利影响，通过添加维生素D进一步促进河蟹钙的吸收和利用。
本发明针对区域性镉超标问题，通过在饲料中补充添加复合饲料添加剂维生素D、维生素E及酵母硒，缓解中华绒螯蟹体内镉的富集的问题，从而提高中华绒螯蟹的品质。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
本发明涉及一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂，可以有效缓解中华绒螯蟹体内镉的富集问题，提高中华绒螯蟹的品质。
(二)采用的技术方案
本发明为实现上述目的，通过以下技术方案予以实现：一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂,其特征在于，所述复合添加剂有以下重量成分的原料制备而成：维生素D300g、维生素E 100g、多维多矿180g、麦麸200g、玉米粉182g、啤酒酵母20g、补充酵母硒13-23g。
作为本方案的进一步优化，所述复合添加剂有以下重量成分的原料制备而成：维生素D 300g、维生素E 100g、多维多矿180g、麦麸205g、玉米粉182g、啤酒酵母20g、补充酵母硒13g。
作为本方案的进一步优化，所述复合添加剂有以下重量成分的原料制备而成：维生素D 300g、维生素E 100g、多维多矿180g、麦麸195g、玉米粉182g、啤酒酵母20g、补充酵母硒23g。
作为本方案的进一步优化，所述复合添加剂有以下重量成分的原料制备而成：维生素D 300g、维生素E 100g、多维多矿180g、麦麸200g、玉米粉182g、啤酒酵母20g、补充酵母硒18g。
一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂的制备方法,所述复合添加剂是添加到基础饲料中进行制备混合饲料(添加组)，其混合饲料制备方法为：将复合添加剂中原料和基础饲料中的原料混合，经粉碎机粉碎后过40目筛，根据饲料配方称重，并混匀，再以搅拌机中加入水混合10min，最后以SLX-80单螺杆饲料膨化机制成3mm×5mm的慢沉性颗粒，饲料在室温下自然阴干，用塑料自封袋密封。
有益效果
本发明涉及一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂，具有以下有益效果：
本发明配方科学合理，对缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫具有良好的效果，同时对促进河蟹生长、抗氧化能力提升等作用明显，还可以提高中华绒螯蟹的品质。
具体实施方式
本说明书中公开的所有特征，或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤，除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外，均可以以任何方式组合。
本说明书(包括任何附加权利要求、摘要)中公开的任一特征，除非特别叙述，均可被其他等效或具有类似目的的替代特征加以替换。即，除非特别叙述，每个特征只是一系列等效或类似特征中的一个例子而已。
实施例1
一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂,所述复合添加剂有以下重量成分的原料制备而成：维生素D 300g、维生素E 100g、多维多矿180g、麦麸305g、玉米粉182g、啤酒酵母20g、补充酵母硒13g。
实施例2
一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂,所述复合添加剂有以下重量成分的原料制备而成：维生素D 300g、维生素E 100g、多维多矿180g、麦麸195g、玉米粉182g、啤酒酵母20g、补充酵母硒23g。
实施例3
一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂,所述复合添加剂有以下重量成分的原料制备而成：维生素D 300g、维生素E 100g、多维多矿180g、麦麸200g、玉米粉182g、啤酒酵母20g、补充酵母硒18g。
表1复合添加剂配方
参照相关科研资料设计的基础饲料，以鱼粉(41％)、豆粕(25％)、鱼油(4％)、多维多矿(2％)、粘合剂(0.5％)等为主要原料制成对照饲料(粗蛋白57％、粗脂肪9.72％、粗灰分10.75％)，按照比例对照组中补充添加表1中的复合添加剂形成添加组(1g/kg)，所有饲料原料经粉碎机粉碎后过40目筛，根据饲料配方称重，并混匀，再以搅拌机中加入水混合10min，最后以SLX-80单螺杆饲料膨化机制成3mm×5mm的慢沉性颗粒。饲料在室温下自然阴干，用塑料自封袋密封，使用前贮存在冰箱(-20℃)中，试验周期50天。
饲养实验在桐庐江南镇进行。试验设计对照组和添加组(实施例1、实施例2、实施例3)，试验开始前，挑选体质健康，母蟹30只，平均规格64.84±14.18g/只。每日投喂两次。
饲养试验结束后，将每个网箱中的河蟹依次捕出、计数并称重,测量体长取肌肉、内脏等保存在-20℃下备用，根据测定结果进行相关数据计算。
一、生长对比
表2补充复合添加剂对河蟹生长的影响结果
从表2可以看出，补充添加复合添加剂后，河蟹末体重随着酵母硒添加水平的提升而显著提高，且在18g/吨的添加组表现出良好的生长性能。
二、肌肉中的镉、硒含量
表3补充复合添加剂对河蟹肌肉和肝胰脏镉含量、肌肉硒含量的影响
表3中，补充添加复合添加剂投喂50天后，与对照组相比较肌肉和肝胰脏中的镉含量明显降低，肌肉中硒含量显著增高，且18g/吨和23g/吨的添加组镉含量显著降低，硒含量明显提高。
三、抗氧化物能力
表4补充复合添加剂对河蟹肝胰脏抗氧化能力的影响
表4中，对河蟹肝胰脏抗氧化能力相关指标进行测定，从结果中可以看出，添加复合添加剂后河蟹肝胰脏抗氧化能力明显提升，肝胰脏MDA含量则显著降低。
小结
本复合添加剂在特定养殖区域，对缓解河蟹长期慢性镉胁迫具有良好的促进作用，从实验结果来看，本复合添加剂对降低河蟹肌肉和肝胰脏中的镉积累，提高硒含量具有很好的促进作用；添加复合添加剂后，相对于对照组河蟹的生长得到了明显的提高，同时具有一定的变化趋势。综合生长、镉含量、硒含量及抗氧化等指标，结果表明，本试验结果表明该复合添加剂对缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫具有良好的效果。
本发明的基本教导已加以说明，对具有本领域通常技能的人而言，许多延伸和变化将是显而易知者。由于说明书揭示的本发明可在未脱离本发明精神或大体特征的其它特定形式来实施，且这些特定形式的一些形式已经被指出，所以，说明书揭示的实施例应视为举例说明而非限制。本发明的范围是由所附的申请专利范围界定，而不是由上述说明所界定，对于落入申请专利范围的均等意义与范围的所有改变仍将包含在其范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂,其特征在于，所述复合添加剂有以下重量成分的原料制备而成：维生素D 300g、维生素E 100g、多维多矿180g、麦麸200g、玉米粉182g、啤酒酵母20g、补充酵母硒13-23g。
2.一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂,其特征在于，所述复合添加剂有以下重量成分的原料制备而成：维生素D 300g、维生素E 100g、多维多矿180g、麦麸205g、玉米粉182g、啤酒酵母20g、补充酵母硒13g。
3.一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂,其特征在于，所述复合添加剂有以下重量成分的原料制备而成：维生素D 300g、维生素E 100g、多维多矿180g、麦麸195g、玉米粉182g、啤酒酵母20g、补充酵母硒23g。
4.一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂,其特征在于，所述复合添加剂有以下重量成分的原料制备而成：维生素D 300g、维生素E 100g、多维多矿180g、麦麸200g、玉米粉182g、啤酒酵母20g、补充酵母硒18g。
5.根据权利要求1-4任意所述的一种缓解河蟹慢性镉胁迫的复合添加剂,其特征在于，所述复合添加剂是添加到基础饲料中进行制备混合饲料(添加组)，其混合饲料制备方法为：将复合添加剂中原料和基础饲料中的原料混合，经粉碎机粉碎后过40目筛，根据饲料配方称重，并混匀，再以搅拌机中加入水混合10min，最后以SLX-80单螺杆饲料膨化机制成3mm×5mm的慢沉性颗粒，饲料在室温下自然阴干，用塑料自封袋密封。
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