CN113512816A - 一种可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱。本发明的电发热复合纱为一种多层包缠结构的编织复合纱;所述多层包缠结构由内到外分别为:高支纱线、金属漆包线、导电发热丝带和纤维纱线,所述的导电发热丝带为石墨烯丝带或碳纳米管丝带,所述金属漆包线以螺旋结构包缠在高支细纱线的表面,所述导电发热丝带以螺旋结构包缠在金属漆包线的表面,所述纤维纱线以网状编织结构包覆于导电发热丝带的表面。本发明采用金属丝和石墨烯丝带(碳纳米管)的复合结构,同时发挥了前者优良的导电性,后者的快传热和红外辐射性能,石墨烯的红外辐射波长与人体释放出来的主要红外线波长范围基本一致,从而实现高效快速加热的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱,属于纺织技术领域。
背景技术
把导电纱织入袜内作为电热元件已经成为未来电热袜的发展趋势,但这也对发热纱提出了更高的要求。一方面,发热纱在功能上应该满足在寒冷环境下具有较快的发热速度以及较高的发热温度,能够在几分钟的时间内升温来满足人体保暖需求。另一方面,一般电热袜为纬编针织物,发热纱需要满足针织加工要求,具有良好的弯曲以及拉伸性能,且在发热袜穿戴中能保持形态及性能完好性。此外,发热纱需要满足使用过程要求,由于发热元件不可拆卸,长期使用需要洗涤,且在使用中脚部可能出汗,电热元件要求具有一定的防水性。专利《新型电热滑雪袜》(CN208228340U)提出一种新型电热滑雪袜,以复合金属纤维发热线沿双脚脚趾和前脚掌外沿呈“0”型分布,发热线通过热熔胶条而非缝纫方式固定在袜子针织面料外面,以在袜筒顶部外面设置的口袋固定锂电池为发热线供电;专利《无线充电发热袜子》将袜身前表面上侧口袋中的电池给碳纤维发热片供电而发热;专利《一种电加热袜子》(CN201720168439.4)、《一种电热袜子》(CN201720219120.X)等专利均采用不同工艺在在袜底置入碳纤维通电而实现加热;专利《一种自动调温的发热袜》(CN201620250274.0)公开了一种自动调温的发热袜,通过在袜面与内衬之间具有容腔的脚背和脚底位置缝制碳纤维发热衬垫,经安装在袜口的电池供电加热。
金属材料由于具有良好的电热性能和一定可织性,是制备发热纱的首选材料。专利《发热袜》(CN200920155859.4)、《多功能发热保健袜》(CN200920149187.6)所述袜体是由常规纱和导电纱在袜机上经过提花工艺织造成,导电纱为镀银复丝包覆纱,导电纱沿织物横向排列,直接通电发热;专利《一种加热袜子》(CN201820049877.3)在袜子主体的脚背或脚底设置有塑胶2/金属丝/塑胶三明治结构加热片,使用时利用中间的网状金属丝结构加热;专利《电热袜》(CN201621341410.3)在脚掌部的装设空间置入不锈钢合金纤维缝制的加热片。
显然,虽然上述专利所述技术针对商业化产品存在的技术不足提出了解决方案,但作为发热单元的金属丝/碳纤维主要沿脚底横向分布,这类纤维往往压缩刚度大,在应用中易于增加袜底加热单元与鞋里面料及足底皮肤之间的搓捻、滚动摩擦作用,进而导致加热单元的断裂。另外一类采用插入加热片的方式,虽然这可以保护加热单元,但是将大大降低袜底的吸湿透气性,影响穿着舒适性。更重要的是,上述专利技术均采用直接电加热,发热材料既要满足通电加热,还要防水和防烫伤,限制了发热体与袜体的无缝集成。此外,现有发明技术采用皮芯结构制备铜丝芯复合发热纱,可提高铜丝复合纱线的抗弯、扭能力,但是复合纱在反复受力变形时因金属芯纱起拱而产生表面露丝或结点,从而破环皮芯复合结构纱线的表面结构或使用性能,不适合纺织加工及发热稳定性要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:现有电发热纱在使用过程中存在露芯、可织性低、耐水洗性差和体感差等问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱,为一种多层包缠结构的编织复合纱;所述多层包缠结构由内到外分别为:高支纱线、金属漆包线、导电发热丝带和纤维纱线。
优选地,所述导电发热丝带为石墨烯丝带或碳纳米管丝带。
优选地,所述金属漆包线以螺旋结构包缠在高支细纱线的表面,所述导电发热丝带以螺旋结构包缠在金属漆包线的表面,所述纤维纱线以网状编织结构包覆于导电发热丝带的表面。
优选地,所述的高支纱线为60支棉纱线;所述的金属漆包线为铜丝漆包线,其直径为0.01mm;所述的导电发热丝带为0.005mm厚、1mm宽的石墨烯扁丝;所述的纤维纱线为80支羊毛纱。
优选地,所述金属漆包线的螺旋结构包缠的螺距为5mm,所述导电发热丝带的螺旋结构包缠的螺距为2mm。
优选地,所述的网状编织结构为6股编织,编织角为41°。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明的可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱,利用包缠螺旋结构解决金属漆包线的低可拉伸性问题,金属漆包线为通电发热体,具有防水性和低电阻特性,前者防止出汗或鞋面渗水引起短路,后者降低能耗而增加热转换效率;螺旋结构的可拉伸性大大提高发热纱的可织性;
2.本发明利用石墨烯的传热快优势,通过金属漆包线通电加热石墨烯丝带,实现最终电热纱以辐射加热为主的效果,克服金属漆包线为加热体时因存在漏丝引起的过热或烫伤,以及现有石墨烯发热片只能在平面状态下用水冲洗和因防水绝缘封装膜而降低透气性的技术局限;同时,解决传统金属编织包覆纱在针织加工电热袜过程中金属芯纱成圈外露的现象,芯纱外露影响编织纱在电热袜中的发热均匀性和在应用中的耐磨及防水性;从而解决织造中发热纱的低耐磨性和弯折破裂问题;
3.本发明的电发热复合纱的结构实际为一种管状编织结构,通过降低弯曲点产生的应力集中来维持内层石墨烯带和金属漆包线的机械强度和完整性,使得编织复合功能纱线具有一定的抗弯曲性能,增加可机洗性,同时管状编织结构保护石墨烯带和金属漆包线不被磨损,使电加热袜保持良好的发热性能和防水性能;
4.本发明的可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱采用金属丝和石墨烯丝带(碳纳米管)的复合结构,同时发挥了前者优良的导电性,后者的快传热和红外辐射性能,石墨烯的红外辐射波长(8-14微米)与人体释放出来的主要红外线波长范围(6-14微米)基本一致,从而实现高效快速加热的效果;此外,石墨烯丝带为具有一定强力的膜,克服了常用石墨烯浸渍涂层纱中石墨烯易脱落而不耐洗,以及石墨烯复合长丝电阻太高而不适合电加热使用的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明的可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱的编织工序流程图;
附图标记:1.普通高支细纱线;2.金属漆包线;3.石墨烯丝带;4.普通纤维长丝。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂,兹以优选实施例,并配合附图作详细说明如下。
实施例1
一种可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱,如图1所示,为一种多层包缠结构的编织复合纱;所述多层包缠结构由内到外分别为:普通高支细纱线、金属漆包线、石墨烯丝带和普通纤维长丝,所述金属漆包线以螺旋结构缠绕于普通高支细纱表面,形成金属漆包线/纱复合体;所述石墨烯丝带以螺旋结构包缠在金属漆包线/纱复合体表面,所述普通纤维长丝以一种网状编织结构包覆在石墨烯丝带表面。其中,石墨烯丝带可由碳纳米管丝带代替。
实施例2
实施例1的可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱的加工,加工过程如图2所述,包括:
采用一般编织技术编织或环锭纺技术编织,根据电发热复合纱的结构,普通高支细纱选择60支棉纱,金属漆包线为直径0.01mm的铜丝漆包线,铜丝漆包线以5mm螺距包缠在棉纱表面;石墨烯丝带为0.005mm厚和1mm宽的扁丝,以2mm螺距包缠在铜丝/棉复合纱表面。最后,外层的普通纤维长丝选择80支羊毛纱,采用6股编织网状结构,编织角为41°,编织包覆在石墨烯/铜丝/棉复合纱表面,形成直径1mm的毛/石墨烯/铜丝/棉复合电发热编织纱。
上述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非对本发明任何形式上和实质上的限制,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的前提下,还将可以做出若干改进和补充,这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱,其特征在于,为一种多层包缠结构的编织复合纱;所述多层包缠结构由内到外分别为:高支纱线、金属漆包线、导电发热丝带和纤维纱线。
2.如权利要求1所述的可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱,其特征在于,所述导电发热丝带为石墨烯丝带或碳纳米管丝带。
3.如权利要求1所述的可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱,其特征在于,所述金属漆包线以螺旋结构包缠在高支细纱线的表面,所述导电发热丝带以螺旋结构包缠在金属漆包线的表面,所述纤维纱线以网状编织结构包覆于导电发热丝带的表面。
4.如权利要求1所述的可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱,其特征在于,所述的高支纱线为60支棉纱线;所述的金属漆包线为铜丝漆包线,其直径为0.01mm;所述的导电发热丝带为0.005mm厚、1mm宽的石墨烯扁丝;所述的纤维纱线为80支羊毛纱。
5.如权利要求3所述的可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱,其特征在于,所述金属漆包线的螺旋结构包缠的螺距为5mm,所述导电发热丝带的螺旋结构包缠的螺距为2mm。
6.如权利要求3所述的可机洗可编织的电发热复合纱,其特征在于,所述的网状编织结构为6股编织,编织角为41°。
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