CN113512659B - 多孔铁钴铜钛合金及其应用和制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了多孔铁钴铜钛合金及其应用和制备方法,所述多孔铁钴铜钛合金,包括以下体积百分数的组分:铁钴铜钛合金粉末35%‑45%和成孔剂55%‑65%,其中,铁钴铜钛合金粉末包括以下重量百分数的组分:铁粉10%‑20%、钴粉20%‑40%、钛粉20‑30%和铜粉10‑50%。本发明制备好后应用于军用柴油车尾气系统的颗粒物捕集器。由于本发明为多孔结构的合金,在强度远远超出使用需求的情况下,孔隙率更大且分布均匀,应用于军用柴油车尾气系统的颗粒物捕集器后能够避免堵塞。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及多孔铁钴铜钛合金及其应用和制备方法,尤其是涉及一种军用柴油车尾气净化系统中的颗粒物捕集器的多孔铁钴铜钛合金及其制备方法。
背景技术
相比较于汽油车,柴油车寿命长经济耐用,低速大扭矩,安全性高。但是,柴油车的尾气中含有大量的黑烟,氮氧化物和碳氢化物等。通常,柴油车尾气控制方法一般可分为机内净化和机外净化,机内主要有改善燃油和优化发动机设计与创新;机外净化是在尾气排空前进行催化净化,包括颗粒物捕集器、氧化催化转化器和NOx催化转化器。柴油燃料质量对柴油机的排放有重要影响,主要因素有燃料密度、硫含量、芳香烃含量和馏程特性。影响柴油机排放的发动机参数主要有燃料室设计参数、空燃比、空气和燃料混合速度、燃料喷射时间、压缩比以及气缸内混合物的温度和组成等。上述客观不利因素很难改变:既无法短时间内提高柴油质量,且无法显著优化发动机的各项参数。所以,机外净化或称排放后处理就成了最有效且最主要的净化方法。后处理系统目前主要包含如下功能:颗粒物捕集器、氧化催化剂和NOx催化净化。这些部件主要是采用在金属载体或陶瓷载体表面涂覆催化剂,催化分解尾气中的有害物质。
陶瓷载体主要是多孔的堇青石或多孔再生碳化硅陶瓷,而金属载体主要是金属蜂窝结构。金属载体主要是铁铬铝蜂窝结构(如图1所示),这种蜂窝结构是通过金属钎焊的方式制作成型,这种制作方式使得蜂窝结构不可能足够小,且足够均匀,最为重要的是这种钎焊蜂窝结构使得金属蜂窝极易被堵塞,常见的尾气处理系统失效的主要原因就是蜂窝堵塞。军用柴油车通常具有更大的排量,导致尾气中含有更大比例的颗粒污染物和有害气体,这些因素导致常规的尾气净化系统很快被堵塞而需要维修。
发明内容
本发明为了解决目前军用柴油车等大排量车的尾气处理系统中用于涂覆催化剂的金属载体的蜂窝容易被堵塞的问题,为此提供了一种孔隙率高的多孔铁钴铜钛合金,包括以下体积百分数的组分:铁钴铜钛合金粉末35%-45%和成孔剂55%-65%,其中,铁钴铜钛合金粉末包括以下重量百分数的组分:铁粉10%-20%、钴粉20%-40%、钛粉20%-30%和铜粉10%-50%。
作为优选,所述成孔剂为碳酸钙。
本发明还提供了上述多孔铁钴铜钛合金的应用,其应用于军用柴油车尾气系统的颗粒物捕集器。
本发明还提供了一种多孔铁钴铜钛合金的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将铁粉10%-20%,钴粉20%-40%,钛粉20%-30%和铜粉10%-50%按照质量比称重后进行混合;
(2)将步骤(1)混合好并且干燥后的粉体按体积分数35%-45%与碳酸钙粉体55%-65%混合;
(3)将步骤(2)混合好的在室温下冷等静压后送入高温炉中,经两段升温保温后冷却到室温。
上述步骤(1)中采用酒精作为溶剂,在行星球磨机内以100-200r/min将各组分混合120-180min。
步骤(2)将铁钴铜钛合金粉体与碳酸钙粉体在行星球磨机内以70-100r/min混合90-120min。
步骤(3)在300-450MPa下静压120-240min后,放入高温炉中,在850-900℃进行第一段保温60-75min后,继续升温到1450-1580℃进行第二段保温60-75min后自然降温到室温。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明为多孔结构的合金,在强度远远超出使用需求的情况下,孔隙率更大且分布均匀,应用于军用柴油车尾气系统的颗粒物捕集器后能够避免堵塞。
附图说明
本发明将通过例子并参照附图的方式说明,其中:
图1是铁铬铝蜂窝结构放大2500倍的SEM照片;
图2是本发明多孔铁钴铜钛合金放大2500倍的SEM照片。
具体实施方式
现在结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
一种多孔铁钴铜钛合金,包括以下体积百分数的组分:铁钴铜钛合金粉末35%-45%和成孔剂碳酸钙55%-65%,其中,铁钴铜钛合金粉末包括以下重量百分数的组分:铁粉10%-20%、钴粉20%-40%、钛粉20%-30%和铜粉10%-50%。
上述多孔铁钴铜钛合金的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将铁粉10%-20%,钴粉20%-40%,钛粉20%-30%和铜粉10%-50%按照质量比称重,采用酒精作为溶剂,在行星球磨机内以100-200r/min将各组分混合120-180min;
(2)将步骤(1)混合好并且干燥后的粉体按体积分数35-45%与碳酸钙粉体55-65%在行星球磨机内以70-100r/min混合90-120min;
(3)将混合好的粉体在室温下在300-450MPa冷等静压120-240min后送入高温炉中,先在850-900℃进行第一段保温60-75min以利用产生的空气和碳酸钙自身分解留下的空缺形成气孔,再继续升温到1450-1580℃进行第二段保温60-75min后自然降温到室温后得到多孔铁钴铜钛合金。
下面通过以下六个实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但不限于以下实施例。
实施例1:
(1)将铁粉10%,钴粉20%,钛粉20%和铜粉50%按照质量比进行称重,将称好的粉体采用酒精做溶剂在行星球磨机内以100r/min混合130min;
(2)将步骤(1)混合好并且干燥后的粉体按体积分数45%与碳酸钙粉体55%在行星球磨机内以70r/min混合90min;
(3)将步骤(2)混合好的粉体在室温,300MPa下冷等静压120min后,放入高温炉中,在850℃保温60min后,继续升温到1450℃保温60min后自然降温到室温。
实施例2
(1)将铁粉12%,钴粉24%,钛粉22%和铜粉42%,按照质量比进行称重,将称好的粉体采用酒精做溶剂在行星球磨机内以120r/min混合130min;
(2)将混合好并且干燥后的粉体按体积分数43%与碳酸钙粉体57%在行星球磨机内以80r/min混合95min;
(3)将混合好的粉体在室温,330MPa下冷等静压140min后,放入高温炉中,在860℃保温65min后,继续升温到1460℃保温63min后自然降温到室温。
实施例3
(1)将铁粉14%,钴粉28%,钛粉25%和铜粉33%,按照质量比进行称重,将称好的粉体采用酒精做溶剂在行星球磨机内以140r/min混合140min;
(2)将混合好并且干燥后的粉体按体积分数41%与碳酸钙粉体59%在行星球磨机内以85r/min混合100min;
(3)将混合好的粉体在室温,350MPa下冷等静压160min后,放入高温炉中,在870℃保温69min后,继续升温到1490℃保温63min后自然降温到室温。
实施例4
(1)将铁粉16%,钴粉32%,钛粉26%和铜粉26%按照质量比进行称重,将称好的粉体采用酒精做溶剂在行星球磨机内以160r/min混合150min;
(2)将混合好并且干燥后的粉体按体积分数39%与碳酸钙粉体61%在行星球磨机内以90r/min混合105min;
(3)将混合好的粉体在室温,390MPa下冷等静压180min后,放入高温炉中,在880℃保温71min后,继续升温到1500℃保温70min后自然降温到室温。
实施例5
(1)将铁粉18%,钴粉36%,钛粉27%和铜粉19%,按照质量比进行称重,将称好的粉体采用酒精做溶剂在行星球磨机内以180r/min混合160min;
(2)将混合好并且干燥后的粉体按体积分数37%与碳酸钙粉体63%在行星球磨机内以95r/min混合110min;
(3)将混合好的粉体在室温,420MPa下冷等静压200min后,放入高温炉中,在890℃保温73min后,继续升温到1530℃保温73min后自然降温到室温。
实施例6
(1)将铁粉20%,钴粉40%,钛粉30%和铜粉10%,按照质量比进行称重,将称好的粉体采用酒精做溶剂在行星球磨机内以200r/min混合180min;
(2)将混合好并且干燥后的粉体按体积分数35%与碳酸钙粉体65%,在行星球磨机内以100r/min混合120min;
(3)将混合好的粉体在室温,450MPa下冷等静压240min后,放入高温炉中,在900℃保温75min后,继续升温到1580℃保温75min后自然降温到室温。
上述实施例1-6所制备的多孔铁钴铜钛合金分别采用GB/T5164-1985烧结金属材料孔隙率的测定标准,以及GB/T 33820-2017金属材料延性试验多孔状和蜂窝状金属高速压缩试验方法对孔隙率和压缩强度的测试值见表1。
表1:
在尾气处理行业,金属蜂窝要求室温强度>10MPa,高温时要保证强度不低于1MPa,即,700℃时拉伸强度略高于1MPa。而从上表1可以看出,实施例1-6的各项性能都远高于目前尾气行业的标准,甚至在最高使用温度下的压缩强度和拉伸强度都能略高于1Mpa。在强度远远超出使用需求的情况下,孔隙率更大且分布均匀,尤其是实施例6的孔隙率达到了67%(如图2所示)。为了进一步验证本发明的有效性,采用相同工艺做成柴油车尾气系统的颗粒物捕集器,本发明中的颗粒物捕集器与现有铁铬铝材质的颗粒物捕集器,采用排量40L的军用特种柴油车作为测试目标,结果表明:普通铁铬铝颗粒物捕集器在40L超大排量的尾气作用下43个小时堵塞,本发明中的颗粒物捕集器在相同环境下150个小时仍没有发生堵塞现象,此外,测试开始10min和测试150小时时,本发明中的颗粒物捕集器的颗粒物拦截(捕集)效率都高于95%,而铁铬铝补集器的拦截效率开始测试10min时保持在94%左右。在瞬间拦截效率上本发明好于普通铁铬铝颗粒物捕集器,但是,时效上明显好于普通铁铬铝颗粒物捕集器,这说明了本发明更加有效。
上述依据本发明为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种多孔铁钴铜钛合金的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤: (1)将铁粉10%-20%,钴粉20%-40%,钛粉20%-30%和铜粉10%-50%按照质量比称重后进行混合; (2)将步骤(1)混合好并且干燥后的粉体按体积分数35%-45%与碳酸钙粉体55%-65%混合; (3)将步骤(2)混合好的粉体在室温下冷等静压后送入高温炉中,经两段升温保温后冷却到室温; 所述步骤(3)在300-450MPa下静压120-240min后,放入高温炉中,在850-900℃进行第一段保温60-75min后,继续升温到1450-1580℃进行第二段保温60-75min后自然降温到室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多孔铁钴铜钛合金的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)采用酒精作为溶剂,在行星球磨机内以100-200r/min将各组分混合120-180min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多孔铁钴铜钛合金的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)将铁钴铜钛合金粉体与碳酸钙粉体在行星球磨机内以70-100r/min混合90-120min。
4.一种多孔铁钴铜钛合金,其特征在于,由权利要求1-3中任一项所述的多孔铁钴铜钛合金的制备方法制得。
5.一种权利要求4所述的多孔铁钴铜钛合金的应用,其特征在于,应用于军用柴油车尾气系统的颗粒物捕集器。
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