CN113510449A - Hard tooth surface axle wheel edge inclined inner gear ring and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Hard tooth surface axle wheel edge inclined inner gear ring and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gear and gear ring production, in particular to a hard tooth surface axle wheel edge bevel inner gear ring and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the manufacturing method of the hard tooth surface axle wheel edge bevel inner gear ring comprises the steps of (1) blanking, forging and ring grinding to obtain a gear ring blank; (2) carrying out isothermal normalizing on the gear ring blank; (3) clamping a gear ring blank, and performing rough turning; (4) finish turning a gear blank; (5) turning internal helical teeth of the gear ring; and (6) carburizing and pressure quenching. The characteristic that the inclined inner gear ring at the wheel edge of the axle is a thin-walled part is considered, the inclined inner gear ring is endowed with good deformation controllability by selecting proper material element composition, controlling processing parameters at each stage and adopting a process sequence of carburizing and then press quenching, and the product precision is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gear and gear ring production, in particular to a hard tooth surface axle wheel edge inclined inner gear ring and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The wheel edge speed reducing mechanisms of the traditional axle are all planetary gear speed reducing mechanisms, adopt straight tooth structures mostly, enter meshing simultaneously along the tooth width, generate impact vibration noise and have unstable transmission. The inclined inner gear ring has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, large transmission torque, stable start, fine transmission ratio and the like, and gradually replaces a straight inner gear ring.
The inclined inner gear ring used on the wheel edge of the axle is a thin-walled piece which is easy to deform and has high machining difficulty, and the deformation after heat treatment, carburization and quenching is difficult to ensure the precision. Meanwhile, different materials adopted by the inclined inner gear ring can influence the heat treatment effect, and the heat treatment-free deformation rule among different materials can be used for reference.
Therefore, the hard-tooth-surface axle wheel-side inclined inner gear ring which is matched with a material and a heat treatment process and has good product deformation controllability and the manufacturing method thereof are needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hard tooth surface axle wheel rim inclined inner gear ring and a manufacturing method thereof, aiming at the technical problems that the inclined inner gear ring is a thin-walled part, is easy to deform and has high machining difficulty, and the deformation after heat treatment, carburization and quenching is difficult to ensure the precision. In consideration of the characteristic that the inclined inner gear ring on the wheel edge of the axle is a thin-walled part, the inclined inner gear ring is endowed with good deformation controllability by selecting proper material element composition, controlling processing parameters at each stage and adopting a process sequence of carburizing and then press quenching, so that the product precision is ensured; meanwhile, the manufacturing method of the invention also has the advantage of high production efficiency.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a wheel-side inclined ring gear of a hard tooth surface axle, which comprises the following steps:
(1) blanking, forging and ring rolling to obtain a gear ring blank, wherein the gear ring blank comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
c: 0.19 to 0.23%, Si: 0.15-0.40%, Cr: 0.40-0.55%, Mn: 0.80% -0.95%, Mo: 0.40-0.50%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, S: 0.020-0.035%, Al: 0.020-0.045%, less than or equal to 0.0002% of H, less than or equal to 0.0020% of O, less than or equal to 0.20% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.030% of Sn, less than or equal to 0.50% of Cu +10Sn, less than or equal to 0.005% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.005% of Sb, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
(2) isothermal normalizing is carried out on the gear ring blank to obtain a uniform structure and reasonable hardness required by the inclined inner gear ring, the cutting performance is improved, the forging stress is eliminated, the structure preparation is made for subsequent machining and final heat treatment, and the deformation during the machining and the heat treatment is reduced; compared with the traditional normalizing process, the method has the advantages of reducing energy consumption, improving productivity, prolonging service life of equipment, and being low-carbon and environment-friendly;
(3) clamping a gear ring blank, and performing rough turning;
(4) finely turning a gear blank, and clamping an excircle to process an inner hole of a gear ring, wherein the clamping force is 50% to prevent deformation; clamping the inner hole to process the outer circle of the gear ring, and ensuring the coaxiality, roundness and parallelism of two end faces of the inner hole and the outer circle;
(5) clamping the outer circle of the gear ring to ensure stable clamping and no deformation, and turning the inner helical teeth of the gear ring to ensure DIN 6-level precision;
(6) firstly carburizing, and then performing pressure quenching by using a pressure quenching tool to ensure that the deformation of the product is controllable within a certain range.
Further, when blanking is carried out in the step (1), the length of the phi 120 bar is controlled to be 158-159mm, and the weight deviation of the material is not more than 0.63%. In the step (1), the rough machining allowance is controlled and reduced as much as possible by strictly controlling the weight-level size precision of blanking so as to control the machining stress of the gear ring blank.
Furthermore, when the ring is ground in the step (1), the included angle between the roller and the main shaft and the reduction in the rotating process are controlled, and the roundness and the size precision of the gear ring blank are ensured. And (1) grinding the ring gear blank to ensure certain roundness and dimensional accuracy, and controlling and reducing rough machining allowance as much as possible so as to control the machining stress of the ring gear blank.
Further, the heating temperature in the step (2) is 855-875 ℃ (30-50 ℃ above Ac 3), the temperature is kept for 2 hours, and then the steel plate is rapidly cooled to 560-640 ℃ (pearlite transformation area) and kept for 2 hours. The isothermal cooling can homogenize the temperature of different parts and different parts of the same part, and uniformly complete ferrite and pearlite transformation at the temperature, the transformation products, stress and hardness are uniformly distributed, and the problems that the cooling speed of the parts is difficult to control and the parts are not uniformly cooled in the conventional normalizing process are solved.
Further, the gear ring blank is clamped in a multipoint self-adaptive clamping mode in the step (3). The gear ring belongs to a thin-wall part, the deformation is greatly influenced by the selection of a clamping mode, and a gear ring blank is clamped by adopting a multi-point self-adaptive clamping mode when the machining is started.
Further, in the step (4), the outer circle is clamped by adopting a multipoint self-adaptive clamping mode to process the inner hole of the gear ring, and the inner hole is clamped by adopting a membrane spring (diaphragm spring) clamp to process the outer circle of the gear ring.
Further, the carburizing process in the step (6) comprises the stages of carburizing, diffusing, cooling and heat preservation, wherein,
the carburizing stage is to carburize for 330min at the temperature of 920 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 1.0 CP;
the diffusion stage is to diffuse for 30min at 920 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 0.7CP in the period;
the temperature reduction stage is to reduce the temperature from 920 ℃ to 840 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 0.7CP in the period;
the heat preservation stage is to preserve heat for 30min at 840 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 0CP in the period.
The environmental temperature and the carbon potential at the strong cementation stage are higher, so that the depth requirement of a carburized layer can be quickly met; after the carbon potential is reduced in the diffusion stage, the consistency of the thickness of the carburized layer is ensured; the heat preservation is carried out at 840 ℃, so that the deformation of the gear ring can be reduced.
Further, the pressure quenching process in the step (6) is that the pressure quenching tool forms pressure on the tooth profile after being stressed by pressure, and the gear ring is prevented from deforming in the pressure quenching process.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a hard tooth surface axle wheel bevel ring gear obtained by the manufacturing method.
The beneficial effect of the invention is that,
according to the manufacturing method of the inclined inner gear ring at the wheel edge of the hard tooth surface axle, the components of raw materials are strictly controlled, the consistency of the raw materials is improved, the deformation in the production process is reduced, the ring rolling mode is adopted to produce a gear ring blank, the product roundness and the size precision are good, the rough machining allowance is small, and the production efficiency is high; normalizing at the constant temperature of 855-875 ℃, ensuring uniform tissue and reasonable hardness, improving cutting performance, preparing the tissue for subsequent carburizing and pressure quenching treatment and reducing deformation; the coaxiality and roundness of the inner circle and the outer circle and the parallelism of two end faces are strictly controlled by lathing a gear ring blank, and the tooth part precision can reach DIN 6-7 level; and the final heat treatment is carried out according to the working procedures of carburizing and then pressure quenching, the tooth part strength and hardness are improved, the tooth part precision is guaranteed to the maximum extent, and the final precision of the product can reach DIN 8-10 grade through statistics.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A hard tooth surface axle wheel edge inclined inner gear ring comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
c: 0.22%, Si: 0.28%, Cr: 0.43%, Mn: 0.92%, Mo: 0.44%, P: 0.020%%, S: 0.029%, Al: 0.033%, H: 0.0002%, O: 0.0020%, Cu: 0.10%, Sn: 0.010%, Cu +10Sn is less than or equal to 0.50%, Ti: 0.005%, Sb: 0.005% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
the allowable deviation of the chemical composition in the steel material meets the requirements of the following table 1,
TABLE 1 chemical composition tolerance/wt%
| Element(s) | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Al | P | S |
| Deviation of | ±0.01 | +0.03 | ±0.04 | ±0.05 | ±0.03 | ±0.003 | +0.005 | ±0.005 |
The inclined inner gear ring is manufactured by the following manufacturing method:
(1) blanking, forging and grinding the ring to obtain a gear ring blank;
during blanking, the length of the rod with the diameter of phi 120 is controlled to be between 158 mm and 159mm, and the weight deviation of the material is not more than 0.63 percent;
when the ring is ground, the included angle between the roller and the main shaft and the reduction in the rotating process are controlled, and the roundness and the dimensional accuracy of the gear ring blank are ensured;
(2) carrying out isothermal normalizing on the gear ring blank, wherein the normalizing temperature is 860 ℃, and carrying out isothermal cooling at 580 ℃ after normalizing;
(3) clamping a gear ring blank in a multipoint self-adaptive clamping mode, and roughly turning;
(4) finish turning a gear blank, and clamping an excircle to process an inner hole of a gear ring in a multipoint self-adaptive clamping mode, wherein the clamping force is 50%; clamping an inner hole by using a membrane spring clamp to process the outer circle of the gear ring, and ensuring the coaxiality, roundness and parallelism of two end faces of the inner hole and the outer circle;
(5) clamping the outer circle of the gear ring to ensure stable clamping and no deformation, and turning the inner helical teeth of the gear ring to ensure DIN 6-level precision;
(6) firstly, carburizing, and then performing pressure quenching by using a pressure quenching tool;
the carburizing process comprises the stages of carburizing, diffusing, cooling and heat preservation, wherein,
the carburizing stage is to carburize for 330min at the temperature of 920 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 1.0 CP;
the diffusion stage is to diffuse for 30min at 920 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 0.7CP in the period;
the temperature reduction stage is to reduce the temperature from 920 ℃ to 840 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 0.7CP in the period;
the heat preservation stage is to preserve heat for 30min at 840 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 0CP in the period;
the pressure quenching process is that the pressure is formed on the tooth profile after the pressure is applied to the pressure quenching tool, and the deformation of the gear ring is avoided in the pressure quenching process.
The precision of the tooth part of the inclined inner gear ring obtained in the embodiment 1 reaches DIN 8-10 level, and the detailed detection results are shown in the following table 2; the depth of the carburized layer can stably reach more than 1.0mm, the tooth top carbide reaches 1 grade, the pitch circle martensite and the retained austenite are respectively 4 grade and 3 grade, and the size precision of the product can be better ensured.
TABLE 2 example 1 Gear tooth Direction, tooth Pitch, tooth runout error
Example 2
A hard tooth surface axle wheel edge inclined inner gear ring comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
c: 0.20%, Si: 0.34%, Cr: 0.50%, Mn: 0.88%, Mo: 0.48%, P: 0.015%%, S: 0.020%, Al: 0.040%, H: 0.0001%, O: 0.0010%, Cu: 0.17%, Sn: 0.030%, Cu +10Sn is less than or equal to 0.50%, Ti: 0.002%, Sb: 0.002%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
the allowable deviation of the chemical composition in the steel is the same as the requirement of the table 1 above.
The inclined inner gear ring is manufactured by the following manufacturing method:
(1) blanking, forging and grinding the ring to obtain a gear ring blank;
during blanking, the length of the rod with the diameter of phi 120 is controlled to be between 158 mm and 159mm, and the weight deviation of the material is not more than 0.63 percent;
when the ring is ground, the included angle between the roller and the main shaft and the reduction in the rotating process are controlled, and the roundness and the dimensional accuracy of the gear ring blank are ensured;
(2) carrying out isothermal normalizing on the gear ring blank at the normalizing temperature of 870 ℃, and carrying out isothermal cooling at the temperature of 620 ℃ after normalizing;
(3) clamping a gear ring blank in a multipoint self-adaptive clamping mode, and roughly turning;
(4) finish turning a gear blank, and clamping an excircle to process an inner hole of a gear ring in a multipoint self-adaptive clamping mode, wherein the clamping force is 50%; clamping an inner hole by using a membrane spring clamp to process the outer circle of the gear ring, and ensuring the coaxiality, roundness and parallelism of two end faces of the inner hole and the outer circle;
(5) clamping the outer circle of the gear ring to ensure stable clamping and no deformation, and turning the inner helical teeth of the gear ring to ensure DIN 6-level precision;
(6) firstly, carburizing, and then performing pressure quenching by using a pressure quenching tool;
the carburizing process comprises the stages of carburizing, diffusing, cooling and heat preservation, wherein,
the carburizing stage is to carburize for 330min at the temperature of 920 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 1.0 CP;
the diffusion stage is to diffuse for 30min at 920 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 0.7CP in the period;
the temperature reduction stage is to reduce the temperature from 920 ℃ to 840 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 0.7CP in the period;
the heat preservation stage is to preserve heat for 30min at 840 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 0CP in the period;
the pressure quenching process is that the pressure is formed on the tooth profile after the pressure is applied to the pressure quenching tool, and the deformation of the gear ring is avoided in the pressure quenching process.
The precision of the tooth part of the inclined inner gear ring obtained in the embodiment 2 reaches DIN 8-10 grade, the depth of a carburized layer can stably reach more than 1.0mm, tooth top carbides reach 1 grade, pitch martensite and retained austenite are respectively 4 grade and 3 grade, and the size precision of a product can be well guaranteed.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made on the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention/any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A manufacturing method of a wheel-side inclined inner gear ring of a hard tooth surface axle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) blanking, forging and ring rolling to obtain a gear ring blank, wherein the gear ring blank comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
c: 0.19 to 0.23%, Si: 0.15-0.40%, Cr: 0.40-0.55%, Mn: 0.80% -0.95%, Mo: 0.40-0.50%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, S: 0.020-0.035%, Al: 0.020-0.045%, less than or equal to 0.0002% of H, less than or equal to 0.0020% of O, less than or equal to 0.20% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.030% of Sn, less than or equal to 0.50% of Cu +10Sn, less than or equal to 0.005% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.005% of Sb, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
(2) carrying out isothermal normalizing on the gear ring blank;
(3) clamping a gear ring blank, and performing rough turning;
(4) finish turning a gear blank, and machining an inner hole of the gear ring by clamping an excircle with clamping force of 50%; clamping the inner hole to process the outer circle of the gear ring, and ensuring the coaxiality, roundness and parallelism of two end faces of the inner hole and the outer circle;
(5) clamping the outer circle of the gear ring to ensure stable clamping and no deformation, and turning the inner helical teeth of the gear ring to ensure DIN 6-level precision;
(6) firstly carburizing, and then performing pressure quenching by using a pressure quenching tool.
2. The manufacturing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the bar with the diameter of phi 120 is controlled to be 158-159mm when blanking is performed in step (1), and the weight deviation of the material is not more than 0.63%.
3. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1) of ring rolling, the included angle between the roller and the main shaft and the rolling reduction during rotation are controlled.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the normalizing temperature in step (2) is 855-875 ℃ and after 2 hours of heat preservation, the steel sheet is rapidly cooled to 560-640 ℃ and then heat preserved for 2 hours.
5. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein step (3) holds the ring gear blank in a multipoint self-adaptive clamping manner.
6. The manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein step (4) uses a multipoint self-adaptive clamping mode to clamp the outer circle to process the inner hole of the gear ring, and uses a membrane spring clamp to clamp the inner hole to process the outer circle of the gear ring.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the carburizing process of step (6) includes carburizing, diffusing, cooling, and holding stages, wherein,
the carburizing stage is to carburize for 330min at the temperature of 920 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 1.0 CP;
the diffusion stage is to diffuse for 30min at 920 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 0.7CP in the period;
the temperature reduction stage is to reduce the temperature from 920 ℃ to 840 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 0.7CP in the period;
the heat preservation stage is to preserve heat for 30min at 840 ℃, and the environmental carbon potential is kept to be 0CP in the period.
8. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure quenching process in the step (6) is to apply pressure to the tooth profile after the pressure quenching tool is applied with pressure, and attention is paid to avoiding deformation of the gear ring during the pressure quenching process.
9. A hard-tooth-surface axle wheel-side bevel ring gear obtained by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN110951962A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-03 | 武汉理工大学 | High-performance gear heat treatment method for realizing fine and homogenized structure |
| CN111979494A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Ti-containing carburizing steel for thin-wall annular gear, manufacturing method thereof and thin-wall annular gear forming method |
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