CN110951962A - High-performance gear heat treatment method for realizing fine and homogenized structure - Google Patents
High-performance gear heat treatment method for realizing fine and homogenized structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110951962A CN110951962A CN201911292600.9A CN201911292600A CN110951962A CN 110951962 A CN110951962 A CN 110951962A CN 201911292600 A CN201911292600 A CN 201911292600A CN 110951962 A CN110951962 A CN 110951962A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-performance gear heat treatment method for realizing fine and uniform tissue, which comprises the following steps of: (1) normalizing by using waste heat after forging; (2) cleaning; (3) machining; (4) pre-oxidizing; (5) high-temperature carburization: pushing the gear forging subjected to the pre-oxidation treatment into a carburizing furnace chamber of a continuous carburizing furnace for high-temperature carburizing treatment, wherein the carburizing adopts a two-section carburizing method, the first section is a strong carburizing stage, and the second section is a diffusion stage; (6) pre-normalizing; (7) reheating; (8) quenching; (9) tempering; (10) and (4) shot blasting. The structures of martensite, residual austenite and the like of the gear workpiece obtained by the method are refined, the grain size distribution is more uniform, and the fatigue resistance and the impact toughness of the gear are obviously improved. A large amount of dispersion spheroidized carbides are distributed on the surface of the gear carburized layer, so that the wear resistance of the surface of the gear can be obviously improved; the high carburizing temperature is adopted, so that the carburizing time can be effectively reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gear heat treatment, in particular to a high-performance gear heat treatment method for realizing fine and uniform tissue.
Background
High performance gears are basic mechanical parts and are widely used in most industrial fields, and the performance of the high performance gears directly influences the service life of equipment. In the meshing transmission process of the gear, the tooth surface meshing area needs to bear large impact load, cyclic load and severe friction and abrasion, so that the gear is required to have good fatigue resistance, impact toughness and abrasion resistance.
The carburizing heat treatment is one of the most main heat treatment methods for strengthening the surface of the gear, the diffusion coefficient of carbon in steel increases exponentially with the increase of the carburizing temperature, but the excessive carburizing temperature causes the severe growth of crystal grains, so in the existing carburizing heat treatment method, the carburizing temperature is usually 910-930 ℃. The carburizing process is generally divided into two sections of strong carburizing and diffusion, and then the carburized steel is slowly cooled to the quenching temperature and then directly enters a quenching medium, but the conventional carburizing heat treatment process has the following defects: 1. the subsurface layer of the carburized gear is easy to generate an abnormal coarse structure, so that the non-uniformity of the gear structure is caused, and the fatigue resistance and the impact toughness of the gear are obviously reduced; 2. in the direct quenching process, massive austenite with high carbon content on the surface is easy to be reserved at room temperature, so that the wear resistance of the surface layer of the gear is greatly reduced; 3. the carburizing temperature is low, so that the carburizing time is too long, and the energy consumption is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-performance gear heat treatment method for realizing fine and uniform structure, which can obviously improve the fine and uniform structure of a gear and effectively enhance the fatigue resistance, impact toughness and wear resistance of the gear.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high-performance gear heat treatment method for realizing fine and uniform tissue is constructed and carried out according to the following steps:
(1) normalizing by using waste heat after forging: and carrying out waste heat normalizing treatment on the gear forging after the hot forging forming.
(2) Machining: turning the outer circle, the inner hole and the end face, inserting the key slot and removing burrs.
(3) Cleaning: and cleaning to remove harmful impurities such as grease dirt, oxide skin and the like on the surface of the gear forging.
(4) Pre-oxidation: and pushing the cleaned gear forging into a pre-oxidation furnace chamber of the continuous carburizing furnace for pre-oxidation treatment.
(5) High-temperature carburization: pushing the gear forging subjected to the pre-oxidation treatment into a carburizing furnace chamber of a continuous carburizing furnace for high-temperature carburizing treatment, wherein the carburizing adopts a two-section carburizing method, the first section is a strong carburizing stage, and the second section is a diffusion stage.
(6) Pre-normalizing: and pushing the gear forging subjected to carburization into a normalizing furnace chamber of the continuous carburizing furnace, and carrying out pre-normalizing treatment on the gear forging through a fan arranged around the furnace chamber.
(7) Reheating: and pushing the gear forging with the waste heat after pre-normalizing into a reheating furnace chamber of the continuous carburizing furnace, reheating to 815-835 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-3 h. During the reheating process, the carbon potential in the furnace chamber is controlled to be 0.55 +/-0.05%.
(8) Quenching: and directly and vertically immersing the reheated and heat-insulated gear forging into quenching oil, wherein a stirrer is arranged in the quenching oil, so that the temperature of the quenching oil is uniform, and the temperature of the quenching oil is controlled to be 60 +/-5 ℃.
(9) Tempering: and (3) keeping the temperature of the quenched gear at 180-200 ℃ for 2-3 h for tempering, and then discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
(10) Shot blasting: and (3) carrying out surface shot blasting treatment on the gear forging subjected to the carburizing heat treatment, wherein the shot blasting treatment time is controlled to be about 30 min.
According to the technical scheme, after-forging waste heat is adopted for normalizing in the step (1), the cooling speed is reasonably controlled within the range of 5 ℃/s-20 ℃/s according to the size of the gear forging, the structure of the gear forging is preliminarily refined and homogenized, the structure homogenization preparation is prepared for the subsequent carburizing heat treatment, and the hardness of the gear forging is reasonably suitable for subsequent machining.
According to the technical scheme, the carburizing heat treatment process is carried out in a mesh belt type continuous carburizing furnace, wherein the pre-oxidation treatment, the carburizing treatment, the pre-normalizing treatment and the reheating treatment are respectively and continuously carried out in different furnace chambers of the mesh belt type continuous carburizing furnace, and the gear forging is isolated from the outside air when transferred among the different furnace chambers.
According to the technical scheme, the heating temperature range of the pre-oxidation treatment in the step (4) is 520-560 ℃, the heat is preserved for about 1h, the gear forging is rapidly and uniformly heated in the carburizing process, and the uniformity of the structure is ensured.
According to the technical scheme, a two-stage high-temperature carburization process is adopted in the carburization process in the step (5), the strong carburization and diffusion temperatures are 950-970 ℃, the carbon potential in the first-stage strong carburization stage is controlled to be 1.2-1.3%, and the strong carburization time is 4-5 hours; the carbon potential in the second-stage diffusion stage is controlled to be 0.9-1.0%, the diffusion time is 2-3 h, and the high carburization temperature obviously reduces the time consumption of carburization.
According to the technical scheme, in the step (6), the gear forging subjected to carburization treatment is pre-normalized to Ar1At the temperature of 50-100 ℃, a large amount of dispersed fine cementite particles are precipitated in the matrix structure of the gear forging in the air cooling process and are retained in the subsequent reheating process, and a strong pinning effect is generated on the matrix, so that the uniform structure is obviously refined.
The high-performance gear heat treatment method for realizing fine and uniform tissue disclosed by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. through the post-forging waste heat normalizing process, the gear forging is prepared for tissue homogenization before carburizing heat treatment;
2. the preoxidation treatment is adopted before carburization, a layer of oxide is formed on the surface of the gear forging, the specific radiance of the gear forging is improved, a workpiece receives more energy radiation in unit time, the temperature is raised more quickly, carbon deposition in a carburizing furnace chamber is reduced, and in addition, due to the effect of preheating and temperature equalization, a carburized layer on the surface of the gear forging is more uniform
3. The high carburizing temperature is adopted, so that the carburizing time is effectively shortened, and the energy consumption is reduced;
4. after the carburization is finished, the normalizing treatment is carried out in advance, a large amount of dispersed fine spherical carbides are separated out from the matrix structure of the gear forging and are reserved in the subsequent reheating process, and a strong nailing effect is generated in the matrix, so that the uniform structure is greatly refined; in addition, the pre-normalizing is not carried out and the temperature is not cooled to the room temperature, so that the process period is greatly shortened, and the energy consumption is reduced;
5. in the quenching process, a stirrer is arranged in quenching oil, and the temperature of the quenching oil is uniform, so that the tissue uniformity in the gear quenching process is further promoted.
6. The invention directly realizes the fine homogenization of the gear structure by the carburizing heat treatment method, obviously improves the fatigue resistance, impact toughness and wear resistance of the gear, and has the beneficial effects of improving the production efficiency, reducing the production energy consumption and improving the product quality. The structures of martensite, residual austenite and the like of the gear workpiece obtained by the method are refined, the grain size distribution is more uniform, and the fatigue resistance and the impact toughness of the gear are obviously improved; a large amount of dispersion spheroidized carbides are distributed on the surface of the gear carburized layer, so that the wear resistance of the surface of the gear can be obviously improved; the high carburizing temperature is adopted, so that the carburizing time can be effectively reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention for a high performance gear heat treatment process for achieving fine homogenization of the tissue;
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, taking a certain type of gear made of 20CrMnTiH as an example, the forging adopts a hot forging forming process, and the structure fine homogenization heat treatment method is realized according to the following steps:
(1) normalizing by using waste heat after forging: and (4) carrying out waste heat normalizing treatment on the gear forging after hot forging forming, and reasonably controlling the cooling speed within the range of 5-20 ℃/s according to the size of the gear forging.
(2) Machining: turning the outer circle, the inner hole and the end face, inserting the key slot and removing burrs.
(3) Cleaning: and cleaning to remove harmful impurities such as grease dirt, oxide skin and the like on the surface of the gear forging.
(4) Pre-oxidation: pushing the cleaned gear forging into a pre-oxidation furnace chamber of a continuous carburizing furnace, and carrying out pre-oxidation treatment at 530 +/-5 ℃ for about 1 h.
(5) High-temperature carburization: pushing the gear forging subjected to preoxidation treatment into a carburizing furnace chamber of a continuous carburizing furnace for high-temperature carburizing treatment, wherein the carburizing adopts a two-stage carburizing method, and the carburizing temperature is 950 +/-5 ℃; the carbon potential of the first strong infiltration stage is controlled to be 1.2 +/-0.05%, and the strong infiltration time is 5 hours; the carbon potential of the second stage of diffusion is controlled to be 0.9 +/-0.05%, and the diffusion time is 3 h.
(6) Pre-normalizing: air cooling the carburized gear forging to about 600 ℃ (Ar)1About 690 c).
(7) Reheating: and pushing the gear forging with the waste heat after pre-normalizing into a reheating furnace chamber of the continuous carburizing furnace, reheating to 815-835 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-3 h. During the reheating process, the carbon potential in the furnace chamber is controlled to be 0.55 +/-0.05%.
(8) Quenching: and directly and vertically immersing the reheated and heat-insulated gear forging into quenching oil, wherein a stirrer is arranged in the quenching oil, so that the temperature of the quenching oil is uniform, and the temperature of the quenching oil is controlled to be 60 +/-5 ℃.
(9) Tempering: and (3) keeping the temperature of the quenched gear at 180 +/-5 ℃ for 2h for tempering, and then discharging from the furnace and air cooling.
(10) Shot blasting: and (3) carrying out surface shot blasting treatment on the gear forging subjected to the carburizing heat treatment, wherein the shot blasting treatment time is controlled to be about 30 min.
TABLE 1
The results of comparing the fine homogenization of the gear structure obtained by the heat treatment of the two examples with the conventional carburizing heat treatment process are shown in table 1: compared with the conventional carburizing heat treatment process, the martensite structures and the average grain sizes of different areas of the gear obtained by the method are finer and more uniform, and the content of dispersed carbides of the carburized layer is higher, so that the structural characteristics can obviously improve the fatigue resistance, the impact toughness and the wear resistance of the gear; in addition, the carburized layer of the gear can reach larger thickness in shorter process time.
The above examples demonstrate that the method of the present invention significantly promotes the fine homogenization of the gear structure and improves the production efficiency of the carburizing heat treatment.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A high-performance gear heat treatment method for realizing fine and uniform tissue is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) normalizing by using waste heat after forging: carrying out waste heat normalizing treatment on the gear forging after the hot forging forming;
(2) machining: turning the outer circle, the inner hole and the end face, inserting the key slot and removing burrs;
(3) cleaning: cleaning and removing grease dirt and oxide skin on the surface of the gear forging;
(4) pre-oxidation: pushing the cleaned gear forging into a pre-oxidation furnace chamber of a continuous carburizing furnace for pre-oxidation treatment;
(5) high-temperature carburization: pushing the gear forging subjected to the pre-oxidation treatment into a carburizing furnace chamber of a continuous carburizing furnace for high-temperature carburizing treatment, wherein the carburizing adopts a two-section carburizing method, the first section is a strong carburizing stage, and the second section is a diffusion stage;
(6) pre-normalizing: pushing the gear forging subjected to carburization into a normalizing furnace chamber of a continuous carburizing furnace, and carrying out pre-normalizing treatment on the gear forging through a fan arranged around the furnace chamber;
(7) reheating: pushing the gear forging with the waste heat after being pre-normalized into a reheating furnace chamber of a continuous carburizing furnace, reheating to 815-835 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-3 hours; in the reheating process, the carbon potential in the furnace chamber is controlled to be 0.55 +/-0.05 percent;
(8) quenching: directly and vertically immersing the reheated and insulated gear forging into quenching oil, wherein a stirrer is arranged in the quenching oil, so that the temperature of the quenching oil is uniform, and the temperature of the quenching oil is controlled to be 60 +/-5 ℃;
(9) tempering: the quenched gear is subjected to heat preservation for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 180-200 ℃ for tempering, and then is discharged from a furnace for air cooling;
(10) shot blasting: and carrying out surface shot blasting treatment on the gear forging subjected to the carburizing heat treatment.
2. The method for heat-treating a high-performance gear to achieve fine and uniform tissue according to claim 1, wherein the post-forging residual heat is used for normalizing in step (1), and the cooling rate is controlled within a range of 5 ℃/s to 20 ℃/s.
3. The method for heat-treating a high-performance gear to achieve fine and uniform tissue as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carburizing heat-treating process is performed in a mesh belt type continuous carburizing furnace, wherein the pre-oxidation, carburizing, pre-normalizing and reheating processes are respectively performed continuously in different furnace chambers of the mesh belt type continuous carburizing furnace, and the gear forging is isolated from the outside air when being transferred between the different furnace chambers.
4. The method for heat-treating a high-performance gear to achieve fine homogenization of the tissue according to claim 1, wherein the pre-oxidation treatment in the step (4) is performed at a heating temperature of 520 to 560 ℃ and is performed for about 1 hour.
5. The heat treatment method for the high-performance gear to realize fine homogenization of the tissue according to claim 1, wherein the carburizing process in the step (5) adopts a two-stage high-temperature carburizing process, the strong carburizing temperature and the diffusion temperature are both 950 to 970 ℃, the carbon potential in the first stage strong carburizing stage is controlled to be 1.2 to 1.3 percent, and the strong carburizing time is 4 to 5 hours; the carbon potential of the second stage of diffusion is controlled to be 0.9-1.0%, and the diffusion time is 2-3 h.
6. The method for heat-treating a high-performance gear with a fine and uniform structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the carburized gear forging is preliminarily normalized to Ar1Below 50 ℃ to 100 ℃.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN112251712A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-22 | 长沙万钛工程机械有限公司 | Carburizing treatment method for medium-carbon low-alloy steel |
| CN113403568A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2021-09-17 | 温岭市云福热处理厂 | Low-carbon steel and heat treatment process thereof |
| CN113510449A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-10-19 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Hard tooth surface axle wheel edge inclined inner gear ring and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113737126A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-03 | 北京机电研究所有限公司 | Vacuum carburization method for obtaining dispersed fine carbides |
| CN114717386A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-07-08 | 爱协林热处理系统(北京)有限公司 | Automatic production line and process for waste heat normalizing and secondary heating quenching and tempering of forged workpiece |
| CN114908242A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-16 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | Film-like retained austenite control method suitable for heavy-load carburized gear |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112251712A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-22 | 长沙万钛工程机械有限公司 | Carburizing treatment method for medium-carbon low-alloy steel |
| CN113510449A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-10-19 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Hard tooth surface axle wheel edge inclined inner gear ring and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113510449B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2024-03-19 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Hard tooth surface axle wheel edge inclined annular gear and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113403568A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2021-09-17 | 温岭市云福热处理厂 | Low-carbon steel and heat treatment process thereof |
| CN113737126A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-03 | 北京机电研究所有限公司 | Vacuum carburization method for obtaining dispersed fine carbides |
| WO2023036251A1 (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-03-16 | 中国机械总院集团北京机电研究所有限公司 | Vacuum carburizing method for obtaining dispersedly distributed fine carbide |
| CN113737126B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-09-29 | 中国机械总院集团北京机电研究所有限公司 | Vacuum carburization method for obtaining dispersed fine carbide |
| CN114717386A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-07-08 | 爱协林热处理系统(北京)有限公司 | Automatic production line and process for waste heat normalizing and secondary heating quenching and tempering of forged workpiece |
| CN114908242A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-16 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | Film-like retained austenite control method suitable for heavy-load carburized gear |
| CN114908242B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-08-01 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | Film-shaped retained austenite control method suitable for heavy-load carburized gear |
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