CN113502684B - 一种锌银电池用辅助隔膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锌银电池用辅助隔膜及其制备方法,属于特种纸及其制造技术领域。本发明的锌银电池用辅助隔膜,是以植物纤维、增强纤维为原料,经分散剂分散,采用湿法造纸工艺抄造成型,期间采用液体状增强剂进行表面施胶制作而成;成品纸定量为16~20g/m2,厚度为0.035~0.045mm,纵向抗张强度≥1.40kN/m,横向抗张强度≥0.40kN/m,纵向湿抗张强度≥0.35kN/m,纵向伸长率≥2.5%,纵向浸碱收缩率≤11%,横向浸碱收缩率≤12%。通过本发明制备得到的锌银电池用辅助隔膜具有定量低、厚度薄、干湿强度高、耐碱性好等特点,可满足锌银电池的使用要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于特种纸及其制造技术领域,具体涉及一种锌银电池用辅助隔膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
锌银电池具有比能量高、比功率大、放电电压平稳、可大电流放电、贮存性能好等优点,其大量运用在军工行业的导弹、运载火箭、鱼雷、卫星等武器装备中,为动力、控制、舵机、遥测、安全等系统提供电力,在民用方面,锌银电池也可运用于电子设备、医疗设备等领域。
电池隔膜被称为电池的“第三电极”,隔膜的性能优劣对电池的放电容量、输出电压、激活时间和使用寿命等有直接的影响。
锌银电池用辅助隔膜是用于包封锌银电池负极板的隔膜材料。根据锌银电池负极板制作的工艺要求,辅助隔膜应具有较高的干态强度和伸长率,以满足极板制作对隔膜的强度要求;为降低电池的内阻,要求辅助隔膜的厚度和定量尽可能的低;另外,锌银电池的电解液为40%左右的KOH水溶液,在极板化成和电池工作过程中,隔膜是浸渍在KOH水溶液中,这就要求隔膜需具有较高的湿态强度和良好的耐碱性。因此,锌银电池用辅助隔膜需具有定量低、厚度薄、干湿强度高、耐碱性好等特性。而现有的低定量纸张尚无法满足以上特性要求。
发明内容
为克服上述缺陷和不足,本发明提供了一种新的锌银电池用辅助隔膜制备方法,制成的辅助隔膜具有定量低、厚度薄、强度高、耐碱性好等特点,能满足锌银电池负极板制备的使用要求。
所述的一种锌银电池用辅助隔膜,其特征在于以植物纤维、增强纤维为原料,经分散剂分散,采用湿法造纸工艺抄造成型,期间采用液体状增强剂进行表面施胶制作而成;原料组成按重量份数计为85~95份的植物纤维、5~15份的增强纤维。
所述的一种锌银电池用辅助隔膜,其特征在于隔膜纸的定量为16~20g/m2,厚度为0.035~0.045mm,纵向抗张强度≥1.40kN/m,横向抗张强度≥0.40kN/m,纵向湿抗张强度≥0.35kN/m 纵向伸长率≥2.5%,纵向浸碱收缩率≤11%,横向浸碱收缩率≤12%。
所述的一种锌银电池用辅助隔膜,其特征在于所述的植物纤维为马尼拉麻浆、亚麻浆或构皮纤维浆中的一种。
所述的一种锌银电池用辅助隔膜,其特征在于所述的增强纤维为聚乙烯醇水溶性纤维或ES纤维。
所述的一种锌银电池用辅助隔膜,其特征在于所述的分散剂为阴离子聚丙烯酰胺或聚氧化乙烯。
所述的锌银电池用辅助隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)取重量份数为85~95份的植物纤维和重量份数为5~15份的增强纤维放入打浆机内,加入适量的水,使两种纤维在水中的质量百分比浓度为2-3%,下轻刀疏解30~40min,然后起刀将浆料放入配浆池中;
2)在配浆池中加适量的分散剂(用量为绝干纤维总重量的0.2%~0.5%)和水,搅拌均匀,配制而成的浆料质量浓度为0.1%~0.4%;
3)将通过步骤2)配制好的浆料输送至斜网锥形布浆器,浆料由斜网锥形布浆器均匀的喷在成型网上,经脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取后,分切成盘得到锌银电池用辅助隔膜;其中所述表面施胶过程中所用的涂胶为液体增强剂。
所述的一种锌银电池用辅助隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)所述表面施胶所用的液体增强剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,质量浓度为1.0%~4.5%。
本发明中,各行业通用词语的含义为:
聚乙烯醇水溶性纤维:以聚乙烯醇为原料纺丝制得的合成纤维。将聚合度500~2000和醇解度75-99%的聚乙烯醇100份,用二甲基亚砜/水(体积比)=90~70∶10~30的混合溶剂200~400份,加入不锈钢溶解釜中,在搅拌下于温度80-120℃,压力-0.01~-0.08Mpa,溶解3~4小时,配成纺丝溶液,经过滤、脱泡、干湿法纺丝和后处理,获得的纤维即为聚乙烯醇水溶性纤维。它具有理想的粘接强度,加热加压加湿的情况下,能在纤维之间形成有效的粘结,是造纸行业中理想的纤维状增强剂。
ES纤维:ES纤维是一种皮/芯结构的双组份纤维,皮层为聚乙烯(PE),芯层为聚丙烯(PP),利用两者的熔点差,经热处理就可以实现纤维间的粘结。本发明实施例中的ES纤维购自于日本JNC株式会社。
相比于现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1)本发明采用植物纤维商品浆为原料,同时通过添加纤维状增强剂进行增强(与添加液体状增强剂相比,留着率更高),制备隔膜纸的工艺过程更加绿色环保。
2)本发明采用斜网成型技术,它能够调节纸机流浆箱前墙角的角度,使纤维在上网时能够更好的交叉排列,有利于纸张纵横向强度的调整,同时提高纸张均匀性。
3)本发明采用的纤维原料以长纤维植物纤维为主,纤维长度在4mm以上,打浆方式以疏解为主,尽可能不切断纤维,长纤维有利于提高纤维之间交织接触的面积,提高了纸张的耐撕裂性能。
4)本发明通过添加增强纤维和液体状增强剂表面施胶相结合的增强技术方法来提高纸张的强度,实现了纸张在低定量情况下,具有较高的强度。
5)本发明以植物纤维为主体原料,加入增强纤维,经打浆和分散剂分散,采用斜网成型技术湿法非织造工艺抄造,浆料由布浆器均匀的喷在成型网上,经脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取、分切等步骤,制得的锌银电池用辅助隔膜,具有定量低、厚度薄、强度高、耐碱性好等特点,能满足锌银电池对辅助隔膜的使用要求。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
实施例1
1)取95kg的马尼拉麻浆和5kg聚乙烯醇水溶性纤维(长度4mm,线密度2.0dtex)放入已贮有3900kg水的打浆机中,纤维在水中的质量浓度为2.5%,下轻刀疏解30min,然后起刀将浆料放入配浆池中。
2)在配浆池中加入一定量的阴离子聚丙烯酰胺分散剂(用量为绝干纤维总重量的0.2%)和水,搅拌均匀,配制而成的浆料质量浓度为0.1%。
3)将配置好的浆料输送至斜网锥形布浆器,经上网成型、脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取后,分切成盘得到锌银电池用辅助隔膜,表面施胶过程中所用的液体状增强剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,质量浓度为4.5%,所得成品的定量为17.5 g/m2,厚度为0.038mm,纵向抗张强度为1.41kN/m,横向抗张强度为0.41kN/m,纵向湿抗张强度≥0.39kN/m,纵向伸长率为2.8%,纵向浸碱收缩率为9%,横向浸碱收缩率为10%。
实施例2
1)取90kg的马尼拉麻浆和10kg聚乙烯醇水溶性纤维(长度4mm,线密度2.0dtex)放入已贮有3900kg水的打浆机中,纤维在水中的质量浓度为2.5%,下轻刀疏解30min,然后起刀将浆料放入配浆池中。
2)在配浆池中加入一定量的阴离子聚丙烯酰胺分散剂(用量为绝干纤维总重量的0.2%)和水,搅拌均匀,配制而成的浆料质量浓度为0.2%。
3)将配置好的浆料输送至斜网锥形布浆器,经上网成型、脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取后,分切成盘得到锌银电池用辅助隔膜,表面施胶过程中所用的液体状增强剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,质量浓度为1%,所得成品的定量为19.0g/m2,厚度为0.041,mm,纵向抗张强度为1.51kN/m,横向抗张强度为0.45kN/m, 纵向湿抗张强度≥0.41kN/m,纵向伸长率为3.2%,纵向浸碱收缩率为8.5%,横向浸碱收缩率为9.5%。
实施例3
1)取95kg的亚麻浆和5kg聚乙烯醇水溶性纤维(长度4mm,线密度2.0dtex)放入已贮有3900kg水的打浆机中,纤维在水中的质量浓度为2.5%,下轻刀疏解40min,然后起刀将浆料放入配浆池中。
2)在配浆池中加入一定量的聚氧化乙烯分散剂(用量为绝干纤维总重量的0.4%)和水,搅拌均匀,配制而成的浆料质量浓度为0.3%。
3)将配置好的浆料输送至斜网锥形布浆器,经上网成型、脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取后,分切成盘得到锌银电池用辅助隔膜,表面施胶过程中所用的液体状增强剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,质量浓度为2.5%,所得产品的定量为17.8 g/m2,厚度0.038mm,纵向抗张强度为1.43kN/m,横向抗张强度为0.41kN/m,纵向湿抗张强度≥0.38kN/m,纵向伸长率为3.1%,纵向浸碱收缩率为10%,横向浸碱收缩率为10.5%。
实施例4
1)取90kg的亚麻浆和10kg聚乙烯醇水溶性纤维(长度4mm,线密度2.0dtex)放入已贮有3900kg水的打浆机中,纤维在水中的质量浓度为2.5%,下轻刀疏解40min,然后起刀将浆料放入配浆池中。
2)在配浆池中加入一定量的聚氧化乙烯分散剂(用量为绝干纤维总重量的0.3%)和水,搅拌均匀,配制而成的浆料质量浓度为0.4%。
3)将配置好的浆料输送至斜网锥形布浆器,经上网成型、脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取后,分切成盘得到锌银电池用辅助隔膜,表面施胶过程中所用的液体状增强剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,质量浓度为3.5%,所得成品的定量为19.0g/m2,厚度0.045mm,纵向抗张强度为1.51kN/m,横向抗张强度为0.45kN/m, 纵向湿抗张强度≥0.40kN/m,纵向伸长率为3.6%,纵向浸碱收缩率为8%,横向收缩率为8.5%。
实施例5
1)取95kg的麻尼拉麻浆和5kg ES纤维(长度4mm,线密度1.67dtex)放入已贮有3900kg水的打浆机中,纤维在水中的质量浓度为2.5%,下轻刀疏解30min,然后起刀将浆料放入配浆池中。
2)在配浆池中加入一定量的阴离子聚丙烯酰胺分散剂(用量为绝干纤维总重量的0.2%)和水,搅拌均匀,配制而成的浆料质量浓度为0.1%。
3)将配置好的浆料输送至斜网锥形布浆器,经上网成型、脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取后,分切成盘得到锌银电池用辅助隔膜,表面施胶过程中所用的液体状增强剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,质量浓度为4.5%,所得成品的定量为17.7 g/m2,厚度0.040mm,纵向抗张强度为1.46kN/m,横向抗张强度为0.43kN/m,纵向湿抗张强度≥0.37kN/m,纵向伸长率为3.2%,纵向浸碱收缩率为10%,横向浸碱收缩率为11%。
实施例6
1)取85kg的麻尼拉麻浆和15kg ES纤维(长度4mm,线密度1.67dtex)放入已贮有3900kg水的打浆机中,纤维在水中的质量浓度为2.5%,下轻刀疏解30min,然后起刀将浆料放入配浆池中。
2)在配浆池中加入一定量的阴离子聚丙烯酰胺分散剂(用量为绝干纤维总重量的0.2%)和水,搅拌均匀,配制而成的浆料质量浓度为0.2%。
3)将配置好的浆料输送至斜网锥形布浆器,经上网成型、脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取后,分切成盘得到锌银电池用辅助隔膜,表面施胶过程中所用的液体状增强剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,质量浓度为1.5%,所得成品的定量为18.5g/m2,厚度0.043mm,纵向抗张强度为1.48kN/m,横向抗张强度为0.43kN/m,纵向湿抗张强度≥0.39kN/m,纵向伸长率为3.2%,纵向浸碱收缩率为9.8%,横向浸碱收缩率为10.5%。
实施例7
1)取95kg的亚麻浆和5kg ES纤维(长度4mm,线密度1.67dtex)放入已贮有3900kg水的打浆机中,纤维在水中的质量浓度为2.5%,下轻刀疏解40min,然后起刀将浆料放入配浆池中。
2)在配浆池中加入一定量的聚氧化乙烯分散剂(用量为绝干纤维总重量的0.5%)和水,搅拌均匀,配制而成的浆料质量浓度为0.3%。
3)将配置好的浆料输送至斜网锥形布浆器,经上网成型、脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取后,分切成盘得到锌银电池用辅助隔膜,表面施胶过程中所用的液体状增强剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,质量浓度为2.5%,所得成品的定量为18.8g/m2,厚度为0.042mm,纵向抗张强度为1.43kN/m,横向抗张强度为0.40kN/m,纵向湿抗张强度≥0.38kN/m,纵向伸长率为3.4%,纵向浸碱收缩率为10%,横向浸碱收缩率为10.6%。
实施例8
1)取90kg的亚麻浆和10kg ES纤维(长度4mm,线密度1.67dtex)放入已贮有3900kg水的打浆机中,纤维在水中的质量浓度为2.5%,下轻刀疏解40min,然后起刀将浆料放入配浆池中。
2)在配浆池中加入一定量的聚氧化乙烯分散剂(用量为绝干纤维总重量的0.3%)和水,搅拌均匀,配制而成的浆料质量浓度为0.4%。
3)将配置好的浆料输送至斜网锥形布浆器,经上网成型、脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取后,分切成盘得到锌银电池用辅助隔膜,表面施胶过程中所用的液体状增强剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,质量浓度为3.5%,所得成品的定量为19.6g/m2,厚度为0.046mm,纵向抗张强度为1.65kN/m,横向抗张强度为0.44kN/m,纵向湿抗张强度≥0.42kN/m,纵向伸长率为3.5%,纵向浸碱收缩率为8.6%,横向浸碱收缩率为9.2%。
实施例9
1)取95kg的构皮纤维浆和5kg聚乙烯醇水溶性纤维(长度4mm,线密度2.0dtex)放入已贮有3900kg水的打浆机中,纤维在水中的质量浓度为2.5%,下轻刀疏解40min,然后起刀将浆料放入配浆池中。
2)在配浆池中加入一定量的聚氧化乙烯分散剂(用量为绝干纤维总重量的0.3%)和水,搅拌均匀,配制而成的浆料质量浓度为0.4%。
3)将配置好的浆料输送至斜网锥形布浆器,经上网成型、脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取后,分切成盘得到锌银电池用辅助隔膜,表面施胶过程中所用的液体状增强剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,质量浓度为4.5%,所得成品的定量为18.1g/m2,厚度0.041mm,纵向抗张强度为1.49kN/m,横向抗张强度为0.43kN/m,纵向湿抗张强度≥0.39kN/m,纵向伸长率为3.5%,纵向浸碱收缩率为9%,横向收缩率为9.5%。
实施例10
1)取90kg的构皮纤维浆和10kg ES纤维(长度4mm,线密度1.67dtex)放入已贮有3900kg水的打浆机中,纤维在水中的质量浓度为2.5%,下轻刀疏解30min,然后起刀将浆料放入配浆池中。
2)在配浆池中加入一定量的聚丙烯酰胺分散剂(用量为绝干纤维总重量的0.2%)和水,搅拌均匀,配制而成的浆料质量浓度为0.3%。
3)将配置好的浆料输送至斜网锥形布浆器,经上网成型、脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取后,分切成盘得到锌银电池用辅助隔膜,表面施胶过程中所用的液体状增强剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,质量浓度为4.0%,所得成品的定量为19.1g/m2,厚度0.045mm,纵向抗张强度为1.50kN/m,横向抗张强度为0.41kN/m,纵向湿抗张强度≥0.45kN/m,纵向伸长率为3.2%,纵向浸碱收缩率为8.5%,横向收缩率为9%。
本发明采用以100%植物纤维(马尼拉麻浆、亚麻浆或构皮纤维浆中的任意一种)为原料,经分散剂分散,采用湿法造纸工艺抄造成型,期间采用聚乙烯醇水溶液(质量浓度为4.0%)进行表面施胶制作隔膜。试验结果表明,隔膜的纵、横向强度和湿强度达不到技术指标要求。我们采取了添加增强纤维与聚乙烯醇表面施胶相结合的增强技术措施,取得了良好的技术效果。
本说明书所述的内容仅仅是对发明构思实现形式的列举,本发明的保护范围不应当被视为仅限于实施例所陈述的具体形式。
Claims (3)
1.一种锌银电池用辅助隔膜,其特征在于以植物纤维、增强纤维为原料,经分散剂分散,采用湿法造纸工艺抄造成型,期间采用液体状增强剂进行表面施胶制作而成;原料组成按重量份数计为85~95份的植物纤维、5~15份的增强纤维;
隔膜纸的定量为16~20g/m2,厚度为0.035~0.045mm,纵向抗张强度≥1.40kN/m,横向抗张强度≥0.40kN/m,纵向湿抗张强度≥0.35kN/m 纵向伸长率≥2.5%,纵向浸碱收缩率≤11%,横向浸碱收缩率≤12%;
所述的植物纤维为马尼拉麻浆、亚麻浆或构皮纤维浆中的一种;
所述的增强纤维为聚乙烯醇水溶性纤维或ES纤维;
表面施胶所用的液体增强剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,质量浓度为1.0%~4.5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种锌银电池用辅助隔膜,其特征在于所述的分散剂为阴离子聚丙烯酰胺或聚氧化乙烯。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的一种锌银电池用辅助隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)取重量份数为85~95份的植物纤维和重量份数为5~15份的增强纤维放入打浆机内,加入适量的水,使两种纤维在水中的质量百分比浓度为2-3%,下轻刀疏解30~40min,然后起刀将浆料放入配浆池中;
2)在配浆池中加适量的用量为绝干纤维总重量的0.2%~0.5%的分散剂和水,搅拌均匀,配制而成的浆料质量浓度为0.1%~0.4%;
3)将通过步骤2)配制好的浆料输送至斜网锥形布浆器,浆料由斜网锥形布浆器均匀的喷在成型网上,经脱水、压榨、表面施胶、烘干、卷取后,分切成盘得到锌银电池用辅助隔膜;其中所述表面施胶过程中所用的涂胶为液体增强剂。
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