CN113502388A - Device and method for strengthening treatment of inner hole wall surface with super-large length-diameter ratio - Google Patents

Device and method for strengthening treatment of inner hole wall surface with super-large length-diameter ratio Download PDF

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CN113502388A
CN113502388A CN202110838679.1A CN202110838679A CN113502388A CN 113502388 A CN113502388 A CN 113502388A CN 202110838679 A CN202110838679 A CN 202110838679A CN 113502388 A CN113502388 A CN 113502388A
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inner hole
processed
ultrasonic
ultrasonic vibration
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王兵
刘战强
辛明泽
蔡玉奎
宋清华
任小平
万熠
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of surface strengthening treatment of inner holes, and particularly discloses a device and a method for strengthening treatment of the wall surface of an inner hole with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio, wherein the device comprises the following steps: the wave controllers are arranged at two ends of the processed part and used for adjusting the positions of the antinodes and the nodes of the standing wave in the inner hole of the processed part so that the antinodes and the nodes can move up and down quantitatively along the axial direction of the processed part; an ultrasonic vibration tool head of the ultrasonic vibration system is positioned right above the upper end wave form controller and is used for inputting energy to an inner hole of the processed part; the waveform reflection block is positioned right below the lower-end waveform controller and used for reflecting incident waves formed by the ultrasonic tool head in the processed part and interfering with the incident waves after the reflected waves are formed to generate standing waves; a conduit for introducing hard fine particles into an inner hole of the part to be processed; the container is used for containing an ultrasonic cavitation working medium which is used for generating ultrasonic cavitation bubbles and is filled in the inner hole of the part to be processed during strengthening treatment.

Description

Device and method for strengthening treatment of inner hole wall surface with super-large length-diameter ratio
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface strengthening treatment of inner holes, and particularly relates to a device and a method for strengthening treatment of the wall surface of an inner hole with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio.
Background
The surface quality of the part is a core factor determining the working performance and the service life of the part, and the surface residual stress state is one of main parameters for representing the surface quality of the part. In the manufacturing process of the part, from the casting, forging, welding, heat treatment and other hot processing processes of blank preparation to the subsequent cutting, grinding, polishing and other mechanical processing surface forming processes, residual tensile stress is easily formed on the surface to reduce the mechanical property of the surface of the part, so that the part is easy to induce nucleation and expansion of micro cracks on the surface and the subsurface in the working process, and the service performance and the service life of the part are influenced. Therefore, after the surface of the part is machined, a strengthening treatment process such as stress relief annealing, surface rolling, shot blasting and the like is usually required to eliminate the residual tensile stress on the surface of the part or convert the residual tensile stress into a residual compressive stress state so as to ensure the service performance and the service life of the part.
Shot blasting and rolling are the main processes for introducing residual compressive stress on the surface of a part to improve the mechanical properties of the part. According to the difference of working medium or working principle, the shot blasting can be divided into conventional shot blasting, sand blasting, cavitation shot blasting, laser shot blasting and the like, and the rolling can also be divided into low plasticity rolling (or called isostatic pressing), ultrasonic rolling, warm rolling and the like. However, the shot peening and rolling processes are mainly suitable for strengthening the outer surface of the part, and are difficult to apply to the inner surface (such as a hole) of the part, especially an inner hole with a large length-diameter ratio. By designing and manufacturing a rolling head and a tool system with a specific structure, the strengthening treatment of the inner surface of the simple structure can be realized, but the treatment efficiency is relatively low, and the manufacturing cost of the special rolling system is high. Particularly, when the surface of the inner hole wall with a large length-diameter ratio is subjected to strengthening treatment, a long overhanging rolling guide rod is needed to enable a rolling head to effectively enter the strengthened inner hole, so that a rolling cutter bar is easy to vibrate or deform in the rolling process, and the surface strengthening effect is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the research background, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for strengthening treatment of the wall surface of the inner hole with the ultra-large length-diameter ratio based on the ultrasonic cavitation principle. The strengthening treatment process is simple, the strengthening efficiency is high, the manufacturing cost of the strengthening device is low, complex equipment support is not needed, and the strengthening device is easy to popularize.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a device for strengthening treatment of an inner hole wall surface with a super-large length-diameter ratio, which comprises:
the wave controllers are arranged at two ends of the processed part and used for adjusting the positions of the antinodes and the nodes of the standing wave in the inner hole of the processed part so that the antinodes and the nodes can move up and down quantitatively along the axial direction of the processed part;
the ultrasonic vibration system comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer and an ultrasonic vibration tool head which are sequentially connected, wherein the ultrasonic vibration tool head is positioned above the upper end wave form controller and inputs energy to the inner hole;
the waveform reflection block is positioned right below the lower-end waveform controller and used for reflecting incident waves formed by the ultrasonic tool head in the processed part and interfering with the incident waves after the reflected waves are formed to generate standing waves;
a conduit for introducing hard fine particles into an inner hole of the part to be processed;
the container is used for containing an ultrasonic cavitation working medium which is used for generating ultrasonic cavitation bubbles and is filled in the inner hole of the part to be processed during strengthening treatment.
The device forms standing wave type energy input in an inner hole structure with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio through an ultrasonic vibration system and a waveform control technology thereof, and induces the formation and the explosion of hollow bubbles in a filling medium (water or other liquid) of the inner hole structure by utilizing an energy concentration principle of an antinode part of the standing wave, so that the wall surface of the inner hole structure forms shock wave compression for forming residual compressive stress. The cavitation bubbles can release huge energy when suddenly broken, and generate micro jet with speed more than 100m/s and strong impact force, and the instantaneous collision energy density is as high as 1.5kgf/cm2And local high pressure is generated in the contact area of the antinode of the standing wave and the inner hole wall surface to play a role in strengthening. When hard fine particles are mixed and added into the inner hole filling medium, secondary impact action can be generated on the wall surface of the inner hole under the action of cavitation bubble collapse, and the effect of strengthening treatment is further enhanced.
Furthermore, the diameter size of the ultrasonic vibration tool head in the ultrasonic vibration system needs to be 2mm-3mm smaller than the size of the inner hole of the processed part, on one hand, the ultrasonic vibration energy can be ensured to be completely transmitted into the inner hole structure of the part, and on the other hand, superhard fine particles can be added into the hole through the gap between the ultrasonic vibration tool head and the inner hole to enhance the strengthening effect.
Furthermore, the length of the inner hole of the processed part is integral multiple of half wavelength of ultrasonic wave formed by the ultrasonic vibration tool head, so as to ensure the formation of standing wave waveform in the inner hole of the processed part and to give consideration to both strengthening treatment efficiency and surface strengthening degree.
Furthermore, the wave shape controller is a sleeve structure, and the inner diameter of the wave shape controller is the same as the inner hole of the part; and the ultrasonic vibration tool head is placed right above the waveform controller at the upper end of the processed part, and the end surfaces of the ultrasonic vibration tool head and the waveform controller are parallel and level and are in a coaxial position.
Furthermore, the waveform reflection block is placed right below a waveform controller at the lower end of the part to be processed, so that the standing wave waveform in the inner hole of the part moves axially and quantitatively along the part to be processed when the ultrasonic vibration system works, and then the ultrasonic vibration system is started to perform strengthening treatment on the wall surface of the inner hole of the part again.
Furthermore, the height sum of the two wave controllers is integral multiple of half wavelength of the ultrasonic wave, so as to ensure the effective formation of the standing wave in the inner hole structure of the processed part.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a method for strengthening the wall surface of the inner hole with the super-large length-diameter ratio, which comprises the following steps:
two ends of the processed part are respectively provided with a waveform controller of a sleeve structure with the same aperture as the inner hole of the processed part;
completely immersing the processing part below a liquid ultrasonic cavitation working medium interface;
placing an ultrasonic vibration tool head right above a waveform controller at the upper end of a part to be processed, and enabling the end surfaces of the ultrasonic vibration tool head and the waveform controller to be parallel and level and to be in a coaxial position;
placing the waveform reflection block right below a waveform controller at the lower end of the part to be processed, so that the standing wave waveform in the inner hole of the part moves axially and quantitatively along the part to be processed when the ultrasonic vibration system works;
starting an ultrasonic vibration system to perform strengthening treatment on the wall surface of the inner hole of the part again; during the strengthening process, the fine particle material is introduced into the inner hole of the part through the guide pipe.
Furthermore, the setting of the processing time is strengthened according to the size difference of the processed inner hole structural parts.
Furthermore, when the ultrasonic vibration system works, the fine particles introduced into the inner hole of the part through the guide pipe can be made of hard materials such as alumina or silicon nitride ceramics, cubic boron nitride, diamond and the like, and the particle size is preferably 10-20 μm; the flow rate of the fine particles in the strengthening treatment process is preferably controlled to be 300mg/min-500 mg/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) compared with the traditional surface strengthening device, the surface strengthening treatment device and the surface strengthening treatment method provided by the invention can be used for strengthening treatment of the inner hole wall surface of the part with the super-large length-diameter ratio, and materials capable of strengthening treatment comprise common alloy materials such as steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy and the like, particle or fiber reinforced composite materials, special process forming materials such as coatings, welding seams, laser cladding materials and the like.
2) The power source of the surface strengthening treatment device provided by the invention is the standing wave propagation formed by the ultrasonic vibration tool head in the inner hole of the treated part and the cavitation formed by the antinode of the standing wave, thus breaking through the limitation of the rigid structure of the traditional surface strengthening treatment device, ensuring that the size and the length-diameter ratio of the inner hole structure of the treated part are not specially limited on the premise of ensuring that the input of ultrasonic vibration energy meets the requirement, and being also suitable for other inner surface shapes;
3) the device has the advantages of simple integral structure, light weight, easy manufacture, wide material source, low cost, convenient installation and use and easy popularization;
4) the device has high strengthening efficiency due to continuous input of ultrasonic vibration energy in the strengthening treatment process of the inner hole wall surface with the ultra-large length-diameter ratio, correspondingly shortens the strengthening treatment time, is suitable for introducing a higher residual compressive stress level of more than 300MPa into the inner hole wall surface, effectively improves the service performance of parts and prolongs the service life of the parts.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and the working principle of an apparatus for ultrasonic cavitation strengthening treatment of an inner hole wall surface with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic standing wave formation of an inner hole structure with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic cavitation strengthening principle of the inner hole wall surface with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic standing wave waveform position adjustment of an inner hole structure with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio;
FIG. 5 shows the residual stress distribution of the inner hole wall with a very large aspect ratio obtained without using a waveform controller;
FIG. 6 shows the residual stress distribution results of the inner hole wall with a very large aspect ratio obtained by using a waveform controller;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing residual stress values at different locations of the wall surface of the bore with an ultra-large aspect ratio;
the labels in the figure are: 1. an ultrasonic generator; 2. a connecting wire; 3. an ultrasonic transducer; 4. a conduit; 5. ultrasonically vibrating the tool head; 6. a container; 7. a part to be processed; 8. a waveform reflection block; 9. hard fine particles; 10. cavitation bubbles; 11 wave form controller, 12, wave form controller.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As introduced in the background art, aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for strengthening the wall surface of an inner hole with a super-large length-diameter ratio; because the strengthening treatment of the existing common inner hole is easy to realize, the application mainly provides a new device and a new method aiming at the difficulty in realizing the strengthening treatment of the wall surface of the inner hole with the super-large length-diameter ratio; but the invention can also be applied to the wall surface strengthening treatment of the common inner hole; in addition, the term "internal bore with a super-large aspect ratio" as used herein refers to a workpiece having an internal bore with an aspect ratio greater than 20.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, an apparatus for strengthening a wall surface of an inner hole with a super-large length-diameter ratio comprises an ultrasonic vibration system, a conduit, a container, a wave-shaped reflection block and a wave-shaped controller.
The ultrasonic vibration system consists of an ultrasonic generator 1, a connecting wire 2, an ultrasonic transducer 3 and an ultrasonic vibration tool head 5 and is used for generating ultrasonic energy input, wherein the ultrasonic generator 1 is connected with the ultrasonic transducer 3 through the connecting wire 2, and the ultrasonic transducer 3 is directly connected with the ultrasonic vibration tool head 5; the working frequency of the ultrasonic vibration system can be obtained by reverse calculation according to the wavelength and the wave speed of the inner hole filling medium.
The guide pipe 4 is used for conveying the super-hard fine particles into an inner hole of the part to be strengthened; as shown in fig. 3, when the cavitation bubbles 10 are broken to generate shock waves and act on the inner hole wall surface to be treated, the ultra-hard fine particles 9 impact the inner hole wall surface to be reinforced at high speed under the high pressure of the cavitation bubble jet, and play a role in assisting in reinforcing the medium.
The container 6 is used for containing an ultrasonic cavitation working medium, so that the part to be processed is completely immersed below a cavitation working medium interface, and an inner hole of the part is filled with a cavitation bubble generation medium;
the waveform reflection block 8 is used for reflecting incident waves formed in the ultrasonic cavitation medium in the inner hole of the processed part and interfering with the incident waves after the reflected waves are formed to generate standing waves, and the forming principle of standing waves is shown in figure 2;
the wave shape controller 11 and the wave shape controller 12, as shown in fig. 4, are sleeve type structures with the same inner hole diameter as the processed part aperture, the two wave shape controllers are respectively arranged at the upper and lower end faces of the processed inner hole structure part and are in the coaxial position with the processed inner hole part;
the wave controller is used for adjusting the positions of the antinodes and the nodes of the standing waves in the inner hole of the processed part, so that the antinodes and the nodes can move up and down quantitatively along the axial direction of the processed part, and the wall surface of the inner hole structure is uniformly strengthened.
In fig. 1, the diameter of the ultrasonic vibration tool head 5 is required to be 2mm-3mm smaller than the inner hole diameter of the processed part 7, so that on one hand, the ultrasonic vibration energy can be ensured to be completely transmitted into the inner hole structure of the part, and on the other hand, the super-hard fine particles 9 can be added into the hole through the guide pipe 4 through the gap between the ultrasonic vibration tool head 5 and the inner hole for enhancing the strengthening effect. The maximum input power of the ultrasonic system reaches kW level, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration tool head can be quantitatively adjusted between 10 and 120 mu m.
Further, in the present embodiment, the length of the inner hole of the part to be processed 7 needs to be in an integral multiple relation with the half wavelength of the ultrasonic wave formed by the ultrasonic vibration tool head 5 (i.e. the former is an integral multiple of the latter), so as to ensure the formation of the standing wave in the inner hole of the part to be processed, and in order to achieve both the strengthening processing efficiency and the surface strengthening degree, the length of the inner hole of the part to be processed is preferably 4 to 10 times of the half wavelength of the ultrasonic wave.
Further, in this embodiment, the working frequency of the ultrasonic vibration system can be obtained by reverse calculation according to the ultrasonic wavelength and the wave velocity of the inner hole filling medium. The inner hole filling medium of the part for forming cavitation bubbles can be different liquid media such as water, alcohol, glycerol and the like, and the cavitation strength can be enhanced by improving the liquid viscosity.
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic vibration system is a piezoelectric crystal transducer, which is used to convert a high-frequency electric oscillation signal into mechanical vibration, and has a wide resonant frequency range (components such as the ultrasonic transducer and the ultrasonic vibration tool head with different resonant frequencies can be replaced according to requirements), the maximum input power can reach kW level, and the piezoelectric transducer has the main advantages of high electroacoustic conversion efficiency, large amplitude, large power, good heat resistance, long service life, and the like.
Further, in the present embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration tool head has a horn function, which can amplify the mechanical vibration amplitude of the ultrasonic transducer, and the piezoelectric transducer has a small amplitude after electro-acoustic conversion, even if the amplitude is generally less than 10 μm under a resonance condition, the working efficiency is low when the piezoelectric transducer is used for surface strengthening. The ultrasonic vibration tool head amplifies the amplitude of the ultrasonic transducer to more than 10 times, so that the ultrasonic amplitude reaches 10-120 mu m. According to the reinforcement requirement, the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration tool head can be quantitatively adjusted through the control panel of the ultrasonic generator.
When the device is used for strengthening the wall surface of the inner hole with the ultra-large length-diameter ratio, the part 7 to be processed needs to be completely immersed below the interface of the liquid ultrasonic cavitation working medium 6, then the ultrasonic vibration tool head 5 is placed above the inner hole of the part 7 to be processed, the end surfaces of the two parts are parallel and level and are in the same position, the waveform reflection block 8 is placed at the parallel and level position of the other end of the inner hole of the part to be processed, and the ultrasonic vibration system is started to strengthen the wall surface of the inner hole of the part; while the ultrasonic vibration system works, hard fine particles 9 are led into the inner hole of the part 7 to be processed through the guide pipe 4, and the strengthening processing time is set to be 3min-5min according to the structural size difference of the inner hole of the part 7 to be processed. The ultrasonic cavitation intensity at the position of the antinode of the standing wave formed in the inner hole is the highest, and the energy is reduced when the position is far away from the antinode until the energy at the position of the node is reduced to 0. The material of the super-hard fine particles 9 which are introduced into the inner hole of the processed part 7 through the guide pipe 4 when the ultrasonic vibration system works can be alumina or silicon nitride ceramics, cubic boron nitride, diamond and other hard materials, the particle size is preferably 10-20 μm, and the flow rate of the fine particles in the strengthening treatment process is preferably controlled to be 300-500 mg/min.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the formation of standing waves in the inner hole of the processed part 7, wherein the transmitting end (i.e., the ultrasonic vibration tool head 5) vibrates to generate an incident wave and propagates axially along the inner hole in the filling medium of the inner hole of the part, and the incident wave reaches the waveform reflection block 8 to form a reflected wave, so that the two waveforms interfere with each other to form a standing wave.
As shown in fig. 3, the ultrasonic cavitation strengthening principle of the inner hole wall surface with the ultra-large length-diameter ratio is schematically shown, ultrasonic standing waves are formed in the inner hole structure with the ultra-large length-diameter ratio through the energy input of an ultrasonic vibration system and the waveform control technology thereof, and the formation and the explosion of cavitation bubbles 10 in the filling medium of the inner hole structure are induced by utilizing the energy concentration principle of the antinode part of the standing waves, so that shock wave compression is formed on the inner hole wall surfaceResidual compressive stress is used and formed. The cavitation bubbles can release huge energy when suddenly broken, and generate micro jet with speed more than 100m/s and strong impact force, and the instantaneous collision energy density is as high as 1.5kgf/cm2And local high pressure is generated in the contact area of the antinode of the standing wave and the inner hole wall surface to play a role in strengthening. When the hard fine particles 9 are mixed and added into the inner hole filling medium, secondary impact action can be generated on the wall surface of the inner hole under the action of cavitation bubble collapse, and the effect of strengthening treatment is further enhanced.
As shown in fig. 4, a wave shape controller 11 and a wave shape controller 12 of a sleeve structure with the same aperture as the inner hole of the part 7 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the part to be processed, and the ultrasonic vibration tool head 5 is arranged right above the wave shape controller 11 at the upper end of the part to be processed, and the end surfaces of the two are flush and are in a coaxial position; meanwhile, the waveform reflection block 8 is placed right below a waveform controller 12 at the lower end of the part to be processed, so that when the ultrasonic vibration system works, the standing wave waveform in the inner hole of the part moves axially and quantitatively along the part to be processed (for example, when the heights of the two waveform controllers are both 1/4 standing wave wavelengths, the standing wave waveform moves 1/4 wavelengths axially along the inner hole to be processed), and then the ultrasonic vibration system is started to perform strengthening treatment on the wall surface of the inner hole of the part again; and according to the size difference of the processed inner hole structural parts, the strengthening treatment time is set to be 3-5 min. And finally, testing the residual stress distribution condition of the inner hole wall surface of the part to be processed, and evaluating the surface strengthening treatment effect.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present disclosure more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The ultra-large length-diameter ratio inner hole structural part with the length of 280mm, the inner hole diameter of 10mm and the wall thickness of 5mm and the length-diameter ratio up to 28 is taken as a processed object, and the material of the part is 1045 steel in a quenched and tempered state. Firstly, an ultrasonic vibration tool head with the diameter of 7mm is selected or designed and manufactured to ensure that the ultrasonic vibration energy is completely transmitted into the inner hole structure of the part. According to the length of the processed part, the half wavelength of the standing wave to be generated is 1/8 times of the length of the part, namely the length of the processed inner hole is 8 times of the half wavelength of the ultrasonic vibration standing wave, and the wavelength of the standing wave is 70 mm. Pure water is used as a liquid medium generated by ultrasonic cavitation, alumina particles with the average particle size of 15 mu m are used as an auxiliary strengthening medium, and the flow rate of the alumina particles in the strengthening treatment process is set to be 300 mg/min. The size of the wave controller is 10mm of the diameter of the inner hole, 5mm of the wall thickness and 1/4 standing wave length, and the material is 1045 steel in a quenching and tempering state.
From the above data, the desired operating frequency of the ultrasonic vibration system can be obtained by equation (1),
Figure BDA0003178075320000101
in formula (1), v is the wave velocity at which the standing wave propagates in water, i.e., 1500 m/s; λ is the standing wave wavelength, i.e. 70 mm. Therefore, the required operating frequency of the ultrasonic vibration system is 21.4 kHz.
The input power of the ultrasonic vibration system was set to 2kW, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration tool head was set to 100 μm. When the waveform controller is not used, the strengthening treatment is performed for 3min, and the obtained distribution cloud of the surface residual stress value of the wall surface of the processed inner hole is shown in fig. 5. Subsequently, the parts to be processed are continuously strengthened for 3min by using the waveform controller, and the obtained distribution cloud chart of the surface residual stress value of the wall surface of the processed inner hole is shown in fig. 6. After the experiment is finished, ten test points are randomly selected on the wall surface of the inner hole with the ultra-large length-diameter ratio after the strengthening treatment, and the residual stress value is tested by XRD (the result is shown in figure 7), so that the residual compressive stress of not less than 360MPa is obtained at all the tested positions, and the effectiveness of the strengthening treatment device and the strengthening treatment method for the wall surface of the inner hole with the ultra-large length-diameter ratio is proved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. A device for strengthening treatment of an inner hole wall surface with a super-large length-diameter ratio is characterized by comprising:
the wave controllers are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the processed part and used for adjusting the positions of the antinodes and the nodes of the standing waves in the inner hole of the processed part so that the antinodes and the nodes can move up and down quantitatively along the axial direction of the processed part;
the ultrasonic vibration system comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer and an ultrasonic vibration tool head which are sequentially connected, wherein the ultrasonic vibration tool head is positioned right above the upper end wave form controller and is used for inputting energy to an inner hole of a part to be processed;
the waveform reflection block is positioned right below the lower-end waveform controller and used for reflecting incident waves formed by the ultrasonic tool head in the processed part and interfering with the incident waves after the reflected waves are formed to generate standing waves;
a conduit for introducing hard fine particles into an inner hole of the part to be processed;
the container is used for containing an ultrasonic cavitation working medium which is used for generating ultrasonic cavitation bubbles and is filled in the inner hole of the part to be processed during strengthening treatment.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the ultrasonic vibration tool head is 2mm to 3mm smaller than the inner hole of the part to be processed.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the length of the inner hole of the part is an integral multiple of half the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonically vibrating tool head.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the waveform controller is a sleeve structure having an inner diameter equal to the inner diameter of the inner bore of the part to be processed.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sum of the heights of the two wave directors is an integral multiple of the half wavelength of the ultrasonic wave.
6. A strengthening treatment method for an inner hole wall surface with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio is characterized by comprising the following steps:
two ends of the processed part are respectively provided with a waveform controller of a sleeve structure with the same aperture as the inner hole of the processed part;
completely immersing the processing part below a liquid ultrasonic cavitation working medium interface;
placing an ultrasonic vibration tool head right above a waveform controller at the upper end of a part to be processed, and enabling the end surfaces of the ultrasonic vibration tool head and the waveform controller to be parallel and level and to be in a coaxial position;
placing the waveform reflection block right below a waveform controller at the lower end of the part to be processed, so that the standing wave waveform in the inner hole of the part moves axially and quantitatively along the part to be processed when the ultrasonic vibration system works;
starting an ultrasonic vibration system to perform strengthening treatment on the wall surface of the inner hole of the part again; during the strengthening process, the fine particle material is introduced into the inner hole of the part through the guide pipe.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the strengthening time is set according to the size difference of the treated inner pore structure component.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the fine particles are alumina or silicon nitride ceramics, cubic boron nitride or diamond.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the fine particles have a size of 10 μm to 20 μm; the flow rate of the fine particles in the strengthening treatment process is controlled to be 300mg/min-500 mg/min.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the ultrasonic cavitation working medium is water, alcohol or glycerol.
CN202110838679.1A 2021-07-23 2021-07-23 Device and method for strengthening treatment of inner hole wall surface with super-large length-diameter ratio Pending CN113502388A (en)

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