CN113500784A - Pvc发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法 - Google Patents
Pvc发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/302—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
- B29C66/3022—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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Abstract
一种PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法,包括下述步骤:(1)将塑料零部件与PVC发泡材料上对应的部位紧密接触;PVC发泡材料上与塑料零部件对应的部位保留有皮层,被焊接塑料零部件的熔点低于PVC发泡材料皮层的熔点;(2)采用超声波焊接工艺将塑料零部件焊接在PVC发泡材料上对应的部位上。本发明通过选择熔点低于PVC发泡材料的塑料制成的塑料零部件,实现了稳定可控的超声波焊接工艺,将塑料零部件与PVC发泡材料牢固连接。采用本发明的连接方法实现PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件之间的连接,其生产效率高,有利于降低生产成本,且生产过程中可减少或避免VOC和有毒气体的产生,环保性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料焊接技术领域,具体涉及一种PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法。
背景技术
目前,在将PVC发泡材料与其他高分子材料(如塑料)连接时,通常通过胶水粘接、热熔接或者依靠结构性机械固定手段(如卡槽、螺铆钉等)来实现。然而,通过胶水粘接来实现连接,会产生不可避免的VOC环境污染,且生产效率低下;通过热熔接方式来实现连接,加工过程中能量消耗巨大,部分塑料加热后会释放有毒气体,且生产效率低下;采用结构性机械固定手段来实现连接,则存在加工装配效率低下的弊端。
超声波焊接工艺可以实现塑料之间的焊接,若能通过超声波焊接将PVC发泡材料与其他塑料零部件连接,则可克服以上几种连接方式的弊端,为此,申请人一直以来着力于这方面的研究。然而,我们在研究和实验中发现,当按照以往的经验进行超声波焊接时,PVC发泡材料很容易被挤压变形而形成接触面的凹陷,且能量转换效率低下,往往是被焊接塑料零部件在PVC发泡材料上压一圈凹痕,或将PVC发泡材料皮层剧烈磨成粉屑,也不能实现将塑料零部件焊接到PVC发泡材料上。究其原因,主要是由于PVC发泡材料皮层薄,芯层发泡倍率较大,产品表面刚性差等特殊属性,以致进行超声波焊接时PVC发泡材料极易受损,因此,若要通过超声波焊接实现PVC发泡材料与其他塑料零部件之间的连接,必须克服这一技术难题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法,采用这种连接方法能够顺利实现PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件之间的连接,其生产效率高,有利于降低生产成本,且环保性高。采用的技术方案如下:
一种PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法,其特征在于包括下述步骤:
(1)将塑料零部件与PVC发泡材料上对应的部位紧密接触;
PVC发泡材料上与塑料零部件对应的部位保留有皮层,被焊接塑料零部件的熔点低于PVC发泡材料皮层的熔点;
(2)采用超声波焊接工艺将塑料零部件焊接在PVC发泡材料上对应的部位上。
由于待焊接塑料零部件的熔点低于PVC发泡材料皮层的熔点,进行超声波焊接时,通过超声高频振动迅速熔化低熔点的待焊接塑料零部件(即塑料零部件与PVC发泡材料接触的部位熔化),这时焊接的热量影响仅达到PVC发泡材料的皮层,利用PVC发泡材料皮层包覆发泡层构成的发泡保温结构,以及配合适当的压力下,使得PVC发泡材料皮层局部(即皮层上与塑料零部件接触的部位)的温度迅速上升达到熔点,与熔点低的待焊接塑料零部件已熔化的接触部位顺利熔合。
因PVC发泡材料皮层升温迅速,皮层局部熔化时发泡层不会过量受热而产生芯层发泡结构溃缩,配合适当压力的同时,有效避免PVC发泡材料皮层被过度压缩而产生妨碍高频振动的局部变形,影响超声能量的转化效率,实现可靠无损的连接方式,这样,焊接后PVC发泡材料能够保持完好,同时塑料零部件可牢固结合在PVC发泡材料上。
上述塑料零部件选择熔点低于PVC发泡材料皮层熔点,且与PVC发泡材料具有可熔合性特征的塑料零部件。
上述PVC发泡材料的密度通常为0.3-0.6g/cm³。
一种优选方案中,上述PVC发泡材料为PVC结皮发泡板,PVC结皮发泡板的表面具有急速冷却所形成的PVC皮层;塑料零部件的材质为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)或低熔点聚氯乙烯(低熔点PVC)。上述塑料零部件也可采用其他满足熔点温度要求并且与PVC发泡材料具有可熔合性的材质。
另一种优选方案中,上述PVC发泡材料为PVC共挤发泡板,PVC共挤发泡板的上表面和下表面均具有PVC皮层;塑料零部件的材质为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)或低熔点聚氯乙烯(低熔点PVC)。PVC共挤发泡板的PVC皮层更加均匀且强度更高。上述塑料零部件也可采用其他满足熔点温度要求并且与PVC发泡材料具有可熔合性的材质。
优选方案中,进行超声波焊接时,焊接压力可调节范围为0.05-0.3MPa,焊接时间可调节范围为0.1-4s(秒),工作频率可调节范围为20-50KHz,焊接振幅可调节范围为1-100μm。上述焊接时间为延迟、熔接、保压固化所需时间的总和。进行超声波焊接时,需将焊接压力调节到不会导致PVC发泡板的发泡层和皮层产生阻碍超声振动的变形。根据PVC发泡板的密度及皮层特性、强度等的差异,在0.05-0.3MPa的范围内选择合适的压力。
优选方案中,上述塑料零部件需要与PVC发泡材料焊接的部位上设有超声焊接线;步骤(1)中将塑料零部件与PVC发泡材料上对应的部位位置相互对准,超声焊接线与PVC发泡材料的皮层紧密接触。这样,进行超声波焊接时,由于超声焊接线与PVC发泡材料的皮层接触更加紧密,在超声高频振动下超声焊接线更易于迅速熔化,从而更好地实现待焊接塑料零部件与PVC发泡材料之间的焊接。超声焊接线可呈网格状分布,也可在塑料零部件与PVC发泡材料接触的一面上设置多条相互平行的超声焊接线。
本发明针对PVC发泡材料对超声波的吸收造成超声波的能量转换效率低下,相同材质状况下发泡结构的宏观熔化温度变低,以及致命的发泡结构吸热溃缩特性,通过选择熔点低于PVC发泡材料的塑料制成的塑料零部件,实现了稳定可控的超声波焊接工艺,将塑料零部件与PVC发泡材料牢固连接。采用本发明的连接方法实现PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件之间的连接,其生产效率高,有利于降低生产成本,且生产过程中可减少或避免VOC和有毒气体的产生,环保性高。
附图说明
图1是本发明优选实施例中准备焊接时塑料零部件与PVC发泡材料的位置示意图;
图2是本发明优选实施例中塑料零部件与PVC发泡材料焊接后的结构示意图;
图3是本发明优选实施例中磁性书写板的分解图(未组装状态);
图4是本发明优选实施例中磁性书写板的结构示意图(完成组装后状态)。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例中,PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法包括下述步骤:
(1)将塑料零部件1与PVC发泡材料上对应的部位紧密接触(参考图1);PVC发泡材料上与塑料零部件1对应的部位保留有皮层,被焊接塑料零部件1的熔点低于PVC发泡材料皮层的熔点;
本步骤(1)中, PVC发泡材料为PVC共挤发泡板2,PVC共挤发泡板2的上表面具有第一PVC皮层21,PVC共挤发泡板的下表面均具有第二PVC皮层23,第一PVC皮层21与第二PVC皮层23之间为发泡层22;本实施例中,PVC共挤发泡板2的厚度为4mm,密度为0.45g/cm³,第一PVC皮层21、第二PVC皮层23的厚度分别约0.08mm;塑料零部件1的材质为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS);
本步骤(1)中,塑料零部件1需要与PVC发泡材料2焊接的部位上设有超声焊接线11;将塑料零部件1与PVC发泡材料上对应的部位位置相互对准后,超声焊接线11与PVC发泡材料的皮层紧密接触(本实施例中超声焊接线11与PVC共挤发泡板2的第一PVC皮层21紧密接触);
(2)采用超声波焊接工艺将塑料零部件1焊接在PVC发泡材料上对应的部位上(参考图2)。
上述步骤(2)中,进行超声波焊接时,超声波焊头3将塑料零部件1压紧在PVC发泡材料上,焊接压力设定为0.1MPa,焊接迟延设定为1s,熔接时间设定为0.15s,保压固化时间设定为0.1s,工作频率为20KHz,焊接振幅为60μm。焊接时间总共为1.25s。
参考图3和图4,本实施例制作的产品为磁性书写板,该磁性书写板以矩形的PVC共挤发泡板2作为背板,需要在PVC共挤发泡板2的四周边沿安装八个塑料零部件1(包括四条ABS护边1-1和四个ABS护角1-2),通过上述超声波焊接方法(先将四条ABS护边1-1与四个ABS护角1-2分别置于PVC共挤发泡板2四个边和四个角对应的位置,再一次性进行超声波焊接,将四条ABS护边1-1和四个ABS护角1-2焊接在背板四个边和四个角上),即可高效可靠的完成护边和护角组装。
焊接后四条ABS护边的反向抗拉脱力(焊接方向的反向)达到要求的70N以上,大部分能达到110N以上。四个ABS护角的水平(剪切)拉力也达到要求的70N以上,绝大部分能达到200N以上。
实施例2
本实施例中PVC发泡材料同样为PVC共挤发泡板2(作为磁性书写板的背板),同样在PVC共挤发泡板2的四周边沿安装八个塑料零部件1(包括四条ABS护边1-1和四个ABS护角1-2),各塑料零部件1与PVC共挤发泡板2的连接方法步骤参考实施例1,其与实施例1的不同在于:本实施例中,PVC共挤发泡板2的厚度为12mm,密度为0.35g/cm³,第一PVC皮层21、第二PVC皮层23的厚度分别约0.15mm;进行超声波焊接时,焊接压力设定为0.2MPa,焊接迟延设定为1s,焊接时间设定为0.4s,保压固化时间设定为0.4s,工作频率为20KHz,焊接振幅为60μm。焊接时间总共为1.8s。
焊接后四条ABS护边的反向抗拉脱力(焊接方向的反向)达到要求的70N以上,大部分能达到200N以上。四个ABS护角的水平(剪切)拉力也达到要求的70N以上,绝大部分能达到200N以上。
Claims (6)
1.一种PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法,其特征在于包括下述步骤:
(1)将塑料零部件与PVC发泡材料上对应的部位紧密接触;
PVC发泡材料上与塑料零部件对应的部位保留有皮层,被焊接塑料零部件的熔点低于PVC发泡材料皮层的熔点;
(2)采用超声波焊接工艺将塑料零部件焊接在PVC发泡材料上对应的部位上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法,其特征是:所述PVC发泡材料的密度为0.3-0.6g/cm³。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法,其特征是:所述PVC发泡材料为PVC结皮发泡板,PVC结皮发泡板的表面具有急速冷却所形成的PVC皮层;塑料零部件的材质为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物或低熔点聚氯乙烯。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法,其特征是:所述PVC发泡材料为PVC共挤发泡板,PVC共挤发泡板的上表面和下表面均具有PVC皮层;塑料零部件的材质为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物或低熔点聚氯乙烯。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法,其特征是:步骤(2)进行超声波焊接时,焊接压力可调节范围为0.05-0.3MPa,焊接时间可调节范围为0.1-4s,工作频率可调节范围为20-50KHz,焊接振幅可调节范围为1-100μm。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的PVC发泡材料与塑料零部件的连接方法,其特征是:所述塑料零部件需要与PVC发泡材料焊接的部位上设有超声焊接线;步骤(1)中将塑料零部件与PVC发泡材料上对应的部位位置相互对准,超声焊接线与PVC发泡材料的皮层紧密接触。
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